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	<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8FGhlimassuh</id>
	<title>GRASS-Wiki - User contributions [en]</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-25T19:58:29Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=20871</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=20871"/>
		<updated>2014-10-29T19:47:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 획득할 수 있으며 또한 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 응용편[[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot중요 사항:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* 현재: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July7월 행사: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon현안: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently최근 현황: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the시도 바람 [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new 현안 관련 도움과 기타 사항[[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support 사용자 문서화와 지원====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 이미 컴파일한 이진팩키지 [[Installation Guide적재 안내]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions빈번한 질문들'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines다방면의 전문분야의 GRASS이용예 보기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython에 기초한 사용자 도표 인식법???&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community공동체]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 많은 사람들의 GRASS 이용 예시&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하면 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 권합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/Source code and binaries]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[추가항목]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료들]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* 소스 코드 [[Compile and Install]].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자 위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Compile_and_Install/ko&amp;diff=19233</id>
		<title>Compile and Install/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Compile_and_Install/ko&amp;diff=19233"/>
		<updated>2013-07-18T18:55:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* How to do compilation and installation of GRASS 6? */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- {{MoveToTrac}} --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer''': 여기서는 GRASS GIS 소스코드를 다양한 운영 체계에서 수행 가능한 이진 팩키지로 변환 (&amp;quot;컴파일&amp;quot;)하는 방법을 설명합니다. 만약, 당신이 바로 사용할 수 있는 이진 팩키지를 원한다면, 다음 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/ here]를 방문하십시오, 그렇지 않다면, 계속하시기를 바랍니다 ... &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 어떻게 GRASS 6을 컴파일 및 설치할 것인가? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here we explain the procedure to compile GRASS from SVN, but it also applies to official GRASS 6 releases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''For installation of precompiled binary packages, see the main [[Installation Guide]].''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For detailed information on compilation, please see the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/source/INSTALL INSTALL] file in the source code.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prerequisites선수 요건 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Extra libraries 기타 라이버러리 ====&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS needs at least two extra libraries: PROJ and GDAL/OGR&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Note: if you want to have DBMS support in GDAL (subsequently in GRASS) you have to perform the &amp;quot;Optional&amp;quot; steps below as well.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ4] for management of projections (with proj-datumgrid-1.3.zip support)&lt;br /&gt;
* Optional: [http://trac.osgeo.org/geos/ GEOS]&lt;br /&gt;
* Optional: [http://www.postgresql.org PostgreSQL], [http://www.mysql.org mySQL], [http://www.unixodbc.org unixODBC], [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite] (SQLite is needed for [[QGIS]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL/OGR] for reading and writing various GIS data formats (interoperability)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You have to install these two libraries '''first''' (see below how to get them precompiled for your system).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is easiest to obtain a prepackaged version of these libraries (e.g., .rpm; .deb) for your particular operating system and run the corresponding package installation (e.g., rpm -Uhv packagename.rpm; apt-get) in a terminal window. Take care to also install the development packages of these libraries (...-devel packages). If there is no prepackage version, then you will have to download the source code (see links above, source code packages usually ends in .tar.gz or .zip) and compile it (you must have a C compiler installed as part of your operating system). The Web sites show the steps to compile the libraries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other libraries needed to run GRASS are listed on the {{website|grass64/source/REQUIREMENTS.html|requirements page}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To compile, you will also need the respective &amp;quot;-devel&amp;quot; packages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== GRASS GIS 소스 코드 내려 받기 source code ====&lt;br /&gt;
Then [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/ download the GRASS GIS source code] of course.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반적인 컴파일 및 설치 과정 Generic Compilation and installation procedure ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* It is wise that compilation processes are carried out as a normal user: If you want to get the source code in a place where  you do not have write permissions (e.g. in /usr/local/src/) just follow this:&lt;br /&gt;
      cd /usr/local/src/ &lt;br /&gt;
      su -c 'mkdir grass6'&lt;br /&gt;
      su -c 'chown yourlogin:yourgroup grass6'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Otherwise if you have permissions just continue as a normal user:&lt;br /&gt;
      cd /usr/local/src/&lt;br /&gt;
      svn checkout ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* do a code checkout from the SVN source code repository&lt;br /&gt;
: checkout the latest GRASS 6.x from SVN (see: {{twiki|DownloadSource}})&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* in the grass6 directory, you will find the precious INSTALL file, open it with your favourite pager/editor and read it carefully!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* run configure with parameters to adapt the compile process to your own system. To see what options can be passed to it, run:&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure --help | less &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- The minimum set of configure parameters is &lt;br /&gt;
      ./configure ### --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It may (!) look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
      ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-postgres-libs=/usr/include/pgsql/libpq \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-freetype \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-motif \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You may have to explicitly state the path for certain packages (i.e., gdal). The Unix 'locate' command will come in handy for finding the path of the package you need (you may have to run locate as root ex: sudo locate gdal-config).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please note that the paths mentioned may widely vary due to the distribution used.&lt;br /&gt;
See [[Compile_and_Install#Platform_Specific_Notes|Platform Specific Notes]] below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Depending on your needs it may be a good idea to include debugging hooks.&lt;br /&gt;
: See [[GRASS_Debugging#Compile_Time_Setup]].&lt;br /&gt;
 CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-ggdb -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration&amp;quot; ./configure ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the end of configuration process you should get report not much different from this:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS is now configured for:  i686-pc-linux-gnu&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 Source directory:            /usr/src/grass6&lt;br /&gt;
 Build directory:             /usr/src/grass6&lt;br /&gt;
 Installation directory:      /usr/local/grass-6.3.svn&lt;br /&gt;
 Startup script in directory: ${exec_prefix}/bin&lt;br /&gt;
 C compiler:                  gcc -g -O2 &lt;br /&gt;
 C++ compiler:                c++ -g -O2&lt;br /&gt;
 FORTRAN compiler:            &lt;br /&gt;
 Building shared libraries:   yes&lt;br /&gt;
 64bit support:               no&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
  NVIZ:                       yes&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
  BLAS support:               no&lt;br /&gt;
  C++ support:                yes&lt;br /&gt;
  DWG support:                no&lt;br /&gt;
  FFMPEG support:             no&lt;br /&gt;
  FFTW support:               yes&lt;br /&gt;
  FreeType support:           yes&lt;br /&gt;
  GDAL support:               yes&lt;br /&gt;
  GLw support:                no&lt;br /&gt;
  LAPACK support:             no&lt;br /&gt;
  Large File Support (LFS):   no&lt;br /&gt;
  Motif support:              no&lt;br /&gt;
  MySQL support:              no&lt;br /&gt;
  NLS support:                no&lt;br /&gt;
  ODBC support:               no&lt;br /&gt;
  OGR support:                yes&lt;br /&gt;
  OpenGL(R) support:          yes&lt;br /&gt;
  PNG support:                yes&lt;br /&gt;
  PostgreSQL support:         yes&lt;br /&gt;
  Readline support:           no&lt;br /&gt;
  SQLite support:             no&lt;br /&gt;
  Tcl/Tk support:             yes&lt;br /&gt;
  TIFF support:               yes&lt;br /&gt;
  X11 support:                yes&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
* Let's compile it (takes a little while...)!&lt;br /&gt;
      make&lt;br /&gt;
* At the end, you should get report not much different from this:&lt;br /&gt;
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
 Following modules are missing the 'description.html' file in src code:&lt;br /&gt;
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS GIS compilation log&lt;br /&gt;
 -------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
 Started compilation: Ne kvě 28 13:18:43 CEST 2006&lt;br /&gt;
 --&lt;br /&gt;
 Errors in:&lt;br /&gt;
 --&lt;br /&gt;
 Finished compilation: Ne kvě 28 13:43:40 CEST 2006&lt;br /&gt;
 (In case of errors please change into the directory with error and run 'make')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* If there is any error, change directory to directory with error and run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; again. Report occuring bug to grass mailing list&lt;br /&gt;
* Once the installation process is finished, you're ready to install GRASS system wide.&lt;br /&gt;
      su -c 'make install'&lt;br /&gt;
* enjoy GRASS: &lt;br /&gt;
      grass64&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== What else부수적인 사항? ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to use [http://www.qgis.org QGIS], then also compile the GRASS-GDAL/OGR plugin. This is also useful to access your GRASS-data&lt;br /&gt;
from other application using GDAL/OGR like [http://thuban.intevation.de thuban].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (enables QGIS to read GRASS data directly)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Platform Specific Notes ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Linux ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Debian =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Read the instructions here:&lt;br /&gt;
: http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/branches/develbranch_6/debian/README.debian&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   # first install PROJ, GDAL, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
   cd grass64/&lt;br /&gt;
   # follow instructions in debian/README.debian&lt;br /&gt;
   fakeroot buildpackage&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Official [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianGis DebianGIS] packaging [http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/ control files], also accessible via svn:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  svn co svn://svn.debian.org/svn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/trunk/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  svn co svn://svn.debian.org/svn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/branches/&amp;lt;GRASS Version&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== GRASS 6.1 on Debian Sarge ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/debiangisfiles#compile Compiling GRASS 6.1-CVS on Debian/OldStable (aka 3.1, Sarge)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== GRASS 6.4 on Debian Lenny ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install needed packages:&lt;br /&gt;
  apt-get install flex bison libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev lesstif2-dev debhelper dpatch libtiff4-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
          tcl-dev tk-dev libfftw3-dev libxmu-dev libfreetype6-dev autoconf2.13 autotools-dev doxygen \&lt;br /&gt;
          libmysqlclient15-dev graphviz libsqlite3-dev python-wxgtk2.8 libcairo2-dev libwxgtk2.8-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
          python-dev libgdal1-dev  libgdal1-1.5.0 libproj-dev libproj0 proj-data mysql&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Configure:&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-odbc \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.4/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-motif --with-fftw --with-nls --with-python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compile:&lt;br /&gt;
  make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install:&lt;br /&gt;
  sudo make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== GRASS 7 on Debian Squeeze ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install needed packages:&lt;br /&gt;
 apt-get install flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev python-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     libgdal1-1.6.0 libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff4-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     libwxgtk2.8-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     proj-bin python-numpy python-wxgtk2.8 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Download source code:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass_trunk&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Configure:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 CXXFLAGS=&amp;quot;-g -Wall&amp;quot;  \&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-tcltk \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python2.6-config --with-wxwidgets \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-geos --with-pthread&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compile:&lt;br /&gt;
  make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install:&lt;br /&gt;
  sudo make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Ubuntu =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''The above Debian notes will probably work with Ubuntu as well.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A more  [[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu | specific page]] towards Ubuntu is being written on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== Ubuntu 6.06, 7.10 ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/makegrass.sh makegrass.sh] is script designed to automate most of the download, configuration and compilation of GRASS 6.x-CVS&lt;br /&gt;
** it is advised use [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CheckInstall checkinstall] (''sudo apt-get install checkinstall'') instead of ''make install'' to keep track of installed software &lt;br /&gt;
** Think twice before using this script. Some users experienced problems such as disabled XGL etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[User:Steko/Automated_CVS_compiling|Here]] is another of these scripts, it's homemade so probably you'll find the above more useful for production sites.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== Ubuntu 7.10 64-bit ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Compiling latest GRASS source code on a 64-bit machine (with an ATI graphic card) under Ubuntu 7.10 64-bit with support for: 64-bit, SQLite, OpenGL, PYTHON, FFMPEG&lt;br /&gt;
(Based on &amp;quot;Ubuntu 6.06 LTS - GRASS 6.1 Compilation Script&amp;quot; by David Finlayson)&lt;br /&gt;
''Assuming it is the first time attempting to compile GRASS' source code &amp;amp; installing SVN, PROJ, GDAL/OGR''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preparation'''&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get update &amp;amp;&amp;amp; sudo apt-get upgrade&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install dependencies for compiling (in general) and dependencies for GRASS: PROJ, GDAL/OGR&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install grass build-essential flex bison libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
 libgdal1-dev libtiff4-dev libgcc1 libpng12-dev tcl8.4-dev tk8.4-dev fftw3-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
 libfreetype6-dev libavcodec-dev libxmu-dev gdal-bin libreadline5 libreadline5-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
 make python-dev python-wxversion&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install SQLite&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install SVN&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install subversion&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* create a directory as a simple user where source code(s) are going to be stored (in our example we use a directory called '''src''' under '''/usr/local''')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo mkdir /usr/local/src&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* grant rwx (read-write-execute) permissions for our userid/ groupid on the directory (replace words userid and groupid with real userid):&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo chown ''userid'':''groupid'' /usr/local/src&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo chmod ug+rwx /usr/local/src&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* download latest source code from GRASS SVN repository in a directory on the system (e.g. /usr/local/src)&lt;br /&gt;
 svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass_trunk&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Above command places GRASS' source code in '''/usr/local/src/grass_trunk'''. In case of a subsequent update use the command: '''svn up''' from within the grass_trunk directory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
'''Before''' attempting to compile GRASS, READ section (C) in the '''INSTALL''' file located in the main directory of GRASS source code entitled:&lt;br /&gt;
'''(C) COMPILATION NOTES for 64bit platforms'''&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* installing FFTW3 if not already on system&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install fftw3 fftw3-dev&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''FFMPEG'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: Back in Ubuntu 7.10, installing ffmpeg through the repositories wouldn't work with grass. The following steps were successfully used.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install FFMPEG (information taken from: http://stream0.org/2008/01/install-ffmpeg-on-ubuntu-gutsy.html)&lt;br /&gt;
* download source code with svn&lt;br /&gt;
 svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg/trunk ffmpeg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install dependencies&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install liblame-dev libfaad2-dev libfaac-dev libxvidcore4-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
      liba52-0.7.4 liba52-0.7.4-dev libx264-dev libdts-dev checkinstall \&lt;br /&gt;
      build-essential subversion&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* guide to ffmpeg directory&lt;br /&gt;
 cd ffmpeg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if necessary: '''make distclean''' before configuration (look at notes below)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* configuration ('''note:''' the configuration parameter &amp;quot;'''--enable-pp'''&amp;quot; does not work anymore)&lt;br /&gt;
 # configure FFMPEG&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libvorbis --enable-libtheora \&lt;br /&gt;
             --enable-liba52 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libgsm \&lt;br /&gt;
             --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libfaad --enable-libfaac \&lt;br /&gt;
             --enable-libxvid --enable-pthreads --enable-libx264 \&lt;br /&gt;
             --enable-shared&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compilation&lt;br /&gt;
 make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* installation on /usr/local/bin -- important to remember when configuring GRASS' source code for compilation&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo checkinstall&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Go for GRASS!'''&lt;br /&gt;
* in our example we used the /usr/local/src directory to store GRASS' source code, so:&lt;br /&gt;
 cd /usr/local/src/grass_trunk&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* configuration&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-g -Wall&amp;quot; ./configure --enable-64bit \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-libs=/usr/lib64 --with-cxx --with-freetype=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-postgres=no --with-sqlite=yes --enable-largefile=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.4 \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL --with-readline \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-python=yes --with-ffmpeg=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-ffmpeg-includes=/usr/local/include/ffmpeg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*if OpenGL fails then maybe it is necessary to link '''glxATI.h''' with '''glx.h''' and re-run the configuration&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 cd /usr/include/GL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo ln glxATI.h glx.h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compilation&lt;br /&gt;
 make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compilation is expected to end with a statement similar to the following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 Started compilation: Wed Feb 27 00:24:36 CET 2008&lt;br /&gt;
 --&lt;br /&gt;
 Errors in:&lt;br /&gt;
 No errors detected.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* installation&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo checkinstall&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* launch 64-bit GRASS.6.4.svn&lt;br /&gt;
 grass64&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Notes'''&lt;br /&gt;
* in case of errors in future compilation attempts, remember to remove program binaries with&lt;br /&gt;
 make clean&lt;br /&gt;
* and the files created with the &amp;quot;configuration&amp;quot; from previous compilations with&lt;br /&gt;
 make distclean&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== Ubuntu 8.04 and above ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Compile and Install Ubuntu‎]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Mandriva =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Installation of dependencies (urpmi will ask you a few more):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mandriva 2009:''' (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit)&lt;br /&gt;
  # as root&lt;br /&gt;
    urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
          mesagl1-devel mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion&lt;br /&gt;
    exit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mandriva 2010:''' (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit) - see also [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/grass/current/SPECS/ SPEC] file&lt;br /&gt;
  # as root&lt;br /&gt;
    # installation of PROJ and GDAL&lt;br /&gt;
    urpmi proj proj-devel gdal gdal-devel gcc-gfortran lib64openssl1.0.0 \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64openssl1.0.0-devel postgresql8.4-devel lib64pq8.4&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
    # installation of compilation environment&lt;br /&gt;
    urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64mesagl1-devel lib64mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion&lt;br /&gt;
    exit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then, to configure GRASS, run (64 bit stuff optional of course):&lt;br /&gt;
  #  as user&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
    --enable-64bit --with-libs=/usr/lib64 \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-nls \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-python \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-wxwidgets=/usr/lib/wxPython/bin/wx-config \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-fftw \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/libav* /usr/include/libpostproc /usr/include/libswscale&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-motif \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib64 \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
    --enable-largefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   # compilation (use -j2 ior -j4 parameter on multi-core CPUs to accelerate):   &lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Installation:&lt;br /&gt;
    su&lt;br /&gt;
    # this will install into /usr/local/&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    exit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== CentOS =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: CentOS 5 comes with Python 2.4 which lacks python-config, hence two extra tweaks are needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Preparation:&lt;br /&gt;
  yum install flex bison zlib-devel  tcl-devel tk-devel gcc-c++ gettext \&lt;br /&gt;
              libtiff-devel libpng-devel sqlite-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel mesa-libGLw-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              mesa-libOSMesa-devel libXmu-devel python-devel gtk2-devel\&lt;br /&gt;
              ncurses-devel postgresql-devel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compile and install [http://proj.osgeo.org PROJ4]:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 # get source code and unpack:&lt;br /&gt;
 wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-4.7.0.tar.gz&lt;br /&gt;
 tar xvfz proj-4.7.0.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;
 rm -f proj-4.7.0.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;
 cd proj-4.7.0/&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # get and install datum files into right directory:&lt;br /&gt;
 cd nad/&lt;br /&gt;
 wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip&lt;br /&gt;
 unzip proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip&lt;br /&gt;
 rm -f proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip&lt;br /&gt;
 cd ..&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # configure and compile&lt;br /&gt;
 sh configure&lt;br /&gt;
 make -j4&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # install (may require &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; permissions, use &amp;quot;su&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
 make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compile and install [http://www.gdal.org GDAL]:&lt;br /&gt;
 # get source code and unpack:&lt;br /&gt;
 wget http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/gdal-1.6.3.tar.gz&lt;br /&gt;
 tar xvfz gdal-1.6.3.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;
 rm -f gdal-1.6.3.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;
 cd gdal-1.6.3/&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # configure and compile&lt;br /&gt;
 sh configure&lt;br /&gt;
 make -j4&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # install (may require &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; permissions, use &amp;quot;su&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
 make install&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # add /usr/local/lib/ to LD_LIBRARY_PATH, requires &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; permissions:&lt;br /&gt;
 su - &lt;br /&gt;
 echo &amp;quot;/usr/local/lib&amp;quot; &amp;gt; /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gdal.conf&lt;br /&gt;
 ldconfig&lt;br /&gt;
 exit&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # test installation by running&lt;br /&gt;
 gdalinfo&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 7 compilation and installation, here 64bit example:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Download wxGTP and wxPython:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  wget http://packages.sw.be/wxPython/wxPython-2.8.9.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
  wget http://packages.sw.be/wxPython/wxPython-devel-2.8.9.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
  wget http://packages.sw.be/wxGTK/wxGTK-2.8.9-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
  wget http://packages.sw.be/wxGTK/wxGTK-devel-2.8.9-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
  # Install:&lt;br /&gt;
  rpm -Uhv wxPython-2.8.9.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm wxPython-devel-2.8.9.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm \&lt;br /&gt;
           wxGTK-2.8.9-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm wxGTK-devel-2.8.9-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
2. Also required is the python library python-dateutil. As root user run:&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
   yum install python-dateutil  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/ Download] and configure GRASS 7 (suggestion: save this as script). Note that [http://proj.osgeo.org PROJ4] and [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] must be compiled first:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-libs=/usr/lib64 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-ffmpeg \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-odbc \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-postgres \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-mysql \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-nls \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-python \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-fftw \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-pthread&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Add manually the path to the python include directory since python-config isn't there:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   # edit include/Make/Platform.make&lt;br /&gt;
   # and add manually the line&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
   PYTHONINC           = -I/usr/include/python2.4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Compile&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
   or on multicore (number depends of available cores):&lt;br /&gt;
    make -j4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Either install with &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; (as root user) or run directly from compile directory (substitute ARCH with i586 or x86_64):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    bin.$ARCH/grass70 -wx&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Gentoo =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/freetype2/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also http://packages.gentoo.org/package/sci-geosciences/grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Fedora =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preparation''' for the compilation of GRASS GIS source code (F16, F17, F18):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  yum install proj-devel gdal-devel sqlite-devel ffmpeg-devel mesa-libGL-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              mesa-libGLU-devel libXmu-devel libX11-devel tcl-devel tk-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              fftw-devel libtiff-devel lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              gcc gcc-c++ bison flex ncurses-devel proj-epsg proj-nad xml2 python-dateutil&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Note 1: that currently gdal-devel has (too) many dependencies and will lead to a massive download of extra packages (200 on a fresh Fedora 16 install).''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Note 2: the optional ffmpeg-devel comes from the rpmfusion-free repository ([http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration/ configuration]).''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Download''' the source code:&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS GIS 6: [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/ release package] - [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/source/snapshot/ weekly snapshot] - [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DownloadSource#GRASS6.4 SVN repository]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS GIS 7: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ weekly snapshot] - [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DownloadSource#GRASS7 SVN repository]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Configure''': This is an example how to configure the source code on a Fedora system:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-nls \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-fftw \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
   --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
   --without-odbc&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: An effective (but not fast) way of getting dependencies is to decide what to enable in the configuration, and then run ./config and see which files are missing. The package providing it can be found via:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 yum provides */&amp;lt;name of the file&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and then install them with your favourite package manager frontend or yum itself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Extra: If you also want '''FFMPEG''' support:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It requires 'yum install fftw-devel'. Then add to the configuration lines above:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
     --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/ffmpeg /usr/include/ffmpeg/libav* /usr/include/ffmpeg/libpostproc /usr/include/ffmpeg/libswscale&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally '''compile''' the configured source code:&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
   or on multicore (number depends of available cores):&lt;br /&gt;
    make -j4&lt;br /&gt;
   and&lt;br /&gt;
    make install # requires root permissions unless you become owner of /usr/local/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then use GRASS GIS and enjoy!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== openSUSE =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To build GRASS on openSUSE:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
RPM packages to be installed:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;bash&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo zypper install bison flex freetype2-devel fftw3-devel gcc-c++ \&lt;br /&gt;
   libgdal-devel libgeos-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   man proj libproj-devel readline-devel netcdf-devel ncurses-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   mysql-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel unixODBC-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   tcl-devel tk-devel xorg-x11-Mesa-devel libXmu-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   python-numpy python-dateutil python-devel python-opengl \&lt;br /&gt;
   python-wxWidgets python-xml python-dateutil wxWidgets-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   zlib-devel&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source code configuration:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;bash&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
 	--enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-lapack=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-x \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-motif \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-fftw \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-readline \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-netcdf \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-curses \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-geos \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-nls \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-freetype \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-wxwidgets \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-odbc \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-python&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then compile with &amp;quot;make [-j2]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Arch Linux =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The easiest/fastest way is to build GRASS GIS using AUR:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/?O=0&amp;amp;K=grass (msieczka: I would recommend my set of PKBUILDs - https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/?K=czk&amp;amp;SeB=m. They are most feature-rich, up-to-date and allow to have various versions installed alongside each other without conflicts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if you want to compile it yourself you have to keep in mind that in Arch Linux the default Python version 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 python --version&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 Python 3.3.1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, to build GRASS GIS (version 7 in this example), we can use either use virtualenv or symlink python2 and python2-config in a given directory. &lt;br /&gt;
Let's use the latter approach&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2 $HOME/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2-config $HOME/usr/bin/python-config&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We can now start building GRASS 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=~/usr/bin:$PATH &amp;amp;&amp;amp; \&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
 --enable-debug \&lt;br /&gt;
 --enable-64bit \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-libs=/usr/lib64  \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-readline \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-zlib-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-freetype=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-freetype-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/freetype2/&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --enable-largefile=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj/ \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-geos=/usr/bin/geos-config \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-cairo \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-odbc \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-pthread \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-liblas=/usr/local/bin/liblas-config  \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-fftw-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-fftw-libs=/usr/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-tcltk-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-wxwidgets \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-postgres=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-postgres-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/postgresql/internal&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-postgres-libs=&amp;quot;/usr/include/postgresql/internal/libpq&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-sqlite=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-python=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-liblas \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-netcdf &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now let's compile and install it&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 make&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now the final step required to use GRASS with python2 is to create a bash script &amp;quot;grass&amp;quot; (or the name you want)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 #!/bin/bash&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=~/usr/bin:$PATH&lt;br /&gt;
 python2 /usr/local/bin/grass70&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And make it executable and copy it somewhere in the PATH&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 chmod+x grass&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo cp grass /usr/local/bin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It's done, you can enjoy GRASS 7 in Arch, just type &amp;quot;grass&amp;quot; (or the name you gave to the script) in the terminal to launch it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== RPM SPEC files =====&lt;br /&gt;
* ... can be found in the source code, rpm/ directory, &lt;br /&gt;
* or [https://build.opensuse.org/package/show?package=grass&amp;amp;project=Application%3AGeo OpenSuSe]&lt;br /&gt;
* or [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/grass Fedora]&lt;br /&gt;
* or [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/grass/ Mandriva] (there are also [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/proj/ proj4], [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/geos/ geos], [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/gdal/ gdal], [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/gdal-grass/ gdal-grass-plugin], [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/qgis/ qgis] etc)&lt;br /&gt;
* ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Zaurus =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
... see [http://wiki.debian.org/?GrassGISonZaurus here] for instructions&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mac OSX ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* see the source/macosx readme&lt;br /&gt;
* also see [[Compiling on MacOSX]]&lt;br /&gt;
* some notes on [[Packaging on MacOSX]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Download [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/frameworks#build_scripts build scripts]&lt;br /&gt;
* Solving errors at starting GRASS GIS :[[MacOSX GRASS errors]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== FreeBSD / NetBSD ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the respective package managing tools (pkg_add for FreeBSD and pkgin install for NetBSD) and for recent *BSD versions most likely installed by default.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.x and GRASS 7 should compile on FreeBSD 8.0 or later and NetBSD 5.0 or later (maybe also on updated NetBSD 4.x).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is highly recommended to install GDAL/OGR and PROJ4 first. These libraries and tools are available as [http://www.freebsd.org/ports/ ports for FreeBSD] and [http://www.pkgsrc.org/ packages for NetBSD].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Optional functionality is listed with ''./configure --help'', and related libraries and tools might need to be installed first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Solaris ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* ''2008 Oct 15'': see [http://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/grass-user/2008-October/047093.html this post on the grass mailing list]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== 11 SPARC/i86pc =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the Solaris package manager.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most dependencies are available through the Solaris package manager. GDAL and proj4 can either be compiled from source or installed e.g. from [http://www.opencsw.org/ OpenCSW]. If packages are installed from OpenCSW, the linker flags need to be set with&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      LDFLAGS=&amp;quot;-Wl,-R/opt/csw/lib -L/opt/csw/lib -Wl,-R/opt/csw/gxx/lib -L/opt/csw/gxx/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also the [http://www.opencsw.org/use-it/ OpenCSW documentation].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== 10 SPARC/i86pc =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* get gcc compiler and tools. There are several sources: Solaris Companion CD (SFW pkg, installs in /opt/sfw/), Blastwave ([http://www.blastwave.org], CSW pkg, installs in /opt/csw/) or Sunfreeware ([http://www.sunfreeware.com], SMC pkg, installs in /usr/local/). &lt;br /&gt;
Needed Packages from Sunfreeware: SMCbinut, SMCbison, SMCcoreu, SMCfindu, SMCflex, SMCgawk, SMCgcc, SMCgrep, SMCgzip, SMCless, SMClibt, SMClicon, SMCmake, SMCncurs, SMCproj, SMCsed, SMCtar, SMCtcl, SMCtiff, SMCtk, SMCunzip, SMCzlib. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compile and install fftw-library ([http://www.fftw.org]). You need to re-compile the library with: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      ./configure --with-pic --enable-shared; make ; make install. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pre-built packages don't work. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compile and install gdal library (see documentation of gdal, [http://www.gdal.org]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compile and install any additional libraries (e. g. GEOS, [http://geos.refractions.net]). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* set compiler flags and path. e. g.: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      # on ultra-sparc machine:&lt;br /&gt;
      CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O3 -mcpu=v9&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      CXXFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O3 -mcpu=v9&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      PATH=&amp;quot;/usr/local/bin:/opt/sfw/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      export CFLAGS CXXFLAGS PATH&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Path has to be changed for the packages (Sunfreeware: /usr/local/bin, Solaris Companion: /opt/sfw/bin, Blastwave: /opt/csw/bin). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Next configure, e. g.: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      ./configure --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql/ \&lt;br /&gt;
      --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib --with-postgres=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
      --with-includes=/usr/local/include/ncurses&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you use n(ew)curses, you have to include the path /usr/local/include/ncurses. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
then:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      make&lt;br /&gt;
      su&lt;br /&gt;
      make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the shared libraries are not found at runtime of the modules, use 'crle' to add the paths of the libraries for the dynamic linker, e. g. as root:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      crle -l /lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/opt/sfw/lib:/usr/X11/lib&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Be careful not to omit a library path, the system may be unusable if you forget the /lib path.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== AIX ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A recent [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (&amp;gt;= 3.81) and GNU coreutils are required. These are available with the [http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/aix/linux/toolbox/download.html IBM AIX toolbox] or through third-party AIX software repositories, e.g. [http://www.bullfreeware.com/ bullfreeware] and [http://www.perzl.org/aix/ perzl.org]. Note that 'make' does not work, only 'gmake' works. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
General instructions to compile on AIX are e.g. [http://www.perzl.org/aix/index.php?n=Main.Instructions here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''GRASS 6: Using the IBM xlc compiler:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''see [http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gis.grass.user/32667 this mailing list thread]''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mike wrote in 2009:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After attempting all the suggestions, I finally used&lt;br /&gt;
--disable-shared on the configure command, and all but&lt;br /&gt;
a handful of modules successfully compiled. I was able to&lt;br /&gt;
individually address the ones that failed through Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
edits and several small source code/header file edits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The environment variables and configure command that worked were:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# xlc compiler:&lt;br /&gt;
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/opt/freeware/bin:$PATH&lt;br /&gt;
export OBJECT_MODE=64&lt;br /&gt;
export LIBICONV=/opt/freeware&lt;br /&gt;
export CC=&amp;quot;xlc_r -q64&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O -qstrict&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CXX=&amp;quot;xlC_r -q64&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CXXFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O -qstrict&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export AR=&amp;quot;ar -X64&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export F77=&amp;quot;xlf_r -q64&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CPPFLAGS=&amp;quot;-I/afs/isis/pkg/libpng/include -I/usr/local/include -I$LIBICONV/include -I/usr/lpp/X11/include/X11&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export LDFLAGS=&amp;quot;-L/usr/local/lib -L$LIBICONV/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
./configure --prefix=/afs/isis/pkg/grass-6.4.0 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-64bit \&lt;br /&gt;
  --disable-shared \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/fontconfig /usr/include/X11 /usr/include/X11/Xft /usr/include/X11/ext&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
  --x-includes=/usr/include/X11 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --x-libraries=/usr/X11R6/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/include \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-gdal=/afs/isis/pkg/gdal/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/include \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/share/proj \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/local/include \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tcltk-libs=/usr/local/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-opengl-includes=/usr/include/GL&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''GRASS 7: Using the IBM xlc compiler:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Get and install (in this order):&lt;br /&gt;
* [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ GNU tar]&lt;br /&gt;
* [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (&amp;gt;= 3.81)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ.4] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS 7]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The environment variables and configure command that worked:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
## AIX 5.x&lt;br /&gt;
PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin&lt;br /&gt;
./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --prefix=$PREFIX \&lt;br /&gt;
  --disable-shared \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tiff=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-png=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype=no&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''GRASS 7: Using the GNU gcc compiler:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Get and install (in this order):&lt;br /&gt;
* if needed, [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ GNU tar]&lt;br /&gt;
* if needed (the name is often 'gmake' and not 'make') [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (&amp;gt;= 3.81)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ.4] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS 7]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 5.x:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
## AIX 5.x&lt;br /&gt;
PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin&lt;br /&gt;
CFLAGS='-ansi -D_ALL_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -Dinline=' ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --prefix=$PREFIX \&lt;br /&gt;
  --disable-shared \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tiff=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-png=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype=no&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 7.x:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
## AIX 7.x&lt;br /&gt;
export CC=&amp;quot;gcc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CXX=&amp;quot;g++&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
PREFIX=$HOME/bin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LDFLAGS=&amp;quot;-Wl,-bsvr4,-R,/opt/freeware/lib -L/opt/freeware/lib&amp;quot; CPPFLAGS=&amp;quot;-I/opt/freeware/include&amp;quot; ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --prefix=$PREFIX \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-shared \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-includes=/opt/freeware/include --with-libs=/opt/freeware/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-gdal=$PREFIX/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-png=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tiff=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-opengl=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype=no&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-Windows ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== MS-Windows/Cygwin =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[Cygwin]] wiki pages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== MS-Windows/native =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== 컴파일 Compile ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/CompileOnWindows GRASS Windows Native Binary Building Guide] (GRASS 6.4.x)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[http://www.webalice.it/marco.pasetti/grass/BuildFromSource.html GRASS Windows Native Binary Building Guide] (GRASS 6.3.x) &amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* See/adapt [http://blog.qgis.org/node/124 idea] for unattended install of QGIS (et al) from [http://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/ OSGeo4W] from the QuantumGIS Blog.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]] for latest updates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일상적인 문제와 해결책들 Common problems and solutions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During compilation, error can occur if certain packages are not installed. Here a list of problems with solution:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory&lt;br /&gt;
** this suggests that you don't have the X headers installed&lt;br /&gt;
** Solution: Install the libx11-dev package&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* error:  g.list: error while loading shared libraries: libgdal1.6.0.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory&lt;br /&gt;
** this error appears in the shell right after the user clicks GUI's &amp;quot;Start GRASS&amp;quot; button. The GUI shows an error about geographic extent and gets closed afterwards.&lt;br /&gt;
** It happens when you launch bin.i686 executable on 64bit system. Be careful and choose the right architecture.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Static compilation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to get static rather than dynamically linked binaries, configure like this:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure --disable-shared --enable-static&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This will however break the wxGUI and GRASS 7 completely because &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; wants to link against shared libs, or there is something in the static libs that &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; does not like.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 최적화 Optimization ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GCC and other compilers support [http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.3.3/gcc/Optimize-Options.html#Optimize-Options optimization]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you would like to set compiler optimisations, for a possibly faster binary, type (don't enter a &amp;quot;;&amp;quot; anywhere):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        CFLAGS=-O ./configure&lt;br /&gt;
or,&lt;br /&gt;
        setenv CFLAGS -O&lt;br /&gt;
        ./configure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
whichever works on your shell. Use -O2 instead of -O if your compiler supports this (note: O is the letter, not zero). Using the &amp;quot;gcc&amp;quot; compiler, you can also specify processor specific flags (examples, please suggest better settings to us):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-mcpu=athlon -O2&amp;quot; # AMD Athlon processor with code optimisations&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-march=amdfam10&amp;quot;  # AMD Phenom II X4 64bit processor with gcc &amp;gt;=4.3&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-mcpu=pentium&amp;quot;    # Intel Pentium processor&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-mcpu=pentium4&amp;quot;   # Intel Pentium4 processor&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O2 -msse -msse2 -mfpmath=sse -minline-all-stringops&amp;quot; # Intel XEON 64bit processor&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-mtune=nocona -m64 -minline-all-stringops&amp;quot;            # Intel Pentium 64bit processor&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To find out optional CFLAGS for your platform, enter:&lt;br /&gt;
  gcc -dumpspecs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also: http://gcc.gnu.org/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A real fast GRASS version (and small binaries) will be created with LDFLAGS set to &amp;quot;stripping&amp;quot; (but this disables debugging):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O2 -mcpu=&amp;lt;cpu_see_above&amp;gt; -Wall&amp;quot; LDFLAGS=&amp;quot;-s&amp;quot; ./configure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Configure options and their meanings ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For configure there are many options and some GRASS modules are built only if some options are set. Here are listed common configuration options with short explanation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* --prefix=/path - Sets path where GRASS will be installed. GRASS will reside in /path/grass-version.&lt;br /&gt;
* --enable-largefile - Enables large (&amp;gt;2Gb on 32bit systems) support. For current large file support status look at [[Large File Support]] page.&lt;br /&gt;
* --with-cxx - Enables compilation of C++ code. Required for r.terraflow module.&lt;br /&gt;
* --with-readline - Enables readline support. If readline is enabled, you can use its history/editing facilities when entering r.mapcalc expressions on stdin.&lt;br /&gt;
* --with-glw - Enables GLw support. The GLw library provides OpenGL &amp;quot;canvas&amp;quot; widgets for Athena and Motif. &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 That switch is unnecessary for normal compilation. It's only&lt;br /&gt;
 required for r3.showdspf, which isn't normally built; if you &lt;br /&gt;
 want it, you have build it manually &lt;br /&gt;
 (e.g. &amp;quot;make -C raster3d/r3.showdspf&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
 As similar functionality is now provided by NVIZ, r3.showdspf&lt;br /&gt;
 is deprecated.&lt;br /&gt;
 r3.showdspf uses the Motif widget (so you also need a &lt;br /&gt;
 Motif library, e.g. Lesstif or OpenMotif).&lt;br /&gt;
 [http://grass.itc.it/pipermail/grassuser/2006-December/037475.html Glynn Clements at GRASS-user mailing list]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 다중 코어 CPUs상의 병렬 컴파일 Parallelized compilation on multi-core CPUs ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can dramatically accelerate the compilation of the GRASS code with the -j flag of &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; if you have a multi-core CPU system. This determines the maximum number of jobs to have running at once, so cores don't have to sit idle waiting for jobs on other cores to complete. A good rule of thumb for this value is &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;number_of_cores * 1.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;, but note that setting any higher than the actual number of cores will only affect the timing slightly. For example, on a dual-core processor:&lt;br /&gt;
  make -j 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-pipe&amp;quot; doesn't seem to help much --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== GRASS-GDAL plugin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* see [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Addons ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please note that the installation of [[AddOns/GRASS_6|Addons]] can be easily done with the {{cmd|g.extension}} manager. The compile instructions below are aiming at own development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Compiled C modules ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Requirements:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Either:&lt;br /&gt;
* a binary GRASS package, or&lt;br /&gt;
* source code which has been prepared with:&lt;br /&gt;
    ./configure [opionally flags]&lt;br /&gt;
    make libs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each of the [[GRASS_AddOns|addon]] modules should come with a Makefile. To compile it, just run:&lt;br /&gt;
    make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If using Bash it may be useful to set that up as an alias:&lt;br /&gt;
    alias gmake64='make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Installation (perhaps requires &amp;quot;sudo&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
    make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/ install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: Compiled addons may require a re-compilation if you changed/updated your GRASS standard binaries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== If binary comes with a -dev package ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''(work in progress, this text states how it eventually will be :)''&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays one does not need to the source code, nor compiling GRASS by oneself to be able to add add-ons. On Debian, you can just install the grass-dev package and then run:&lt;br /&gt;
 make MODULE_TOPDIR=/usr/lib/grass64/ INST_DIR=/usr/lib/grass64/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grass-dev package essentially provides GRASS's &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;include&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; header files and Make configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Scripts ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the addon module is a script, it is sufficient to copy it into the (GRASS binaries) path somewhere. Alternatively, install addons into a separate GRASS addons binaries/scripts directory which is easier to maintain. It avoids getting clobbered every time you reinstall GRASS. To use these separately stored scripts, set and export the GRASS_ADDON_PATH environment variable before starting GRASS and it will automatically be added to the module search path (see the {{cmd|variables}} help page). To simplify this, do for example:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 # add in $HOME/.bashrc:&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_ADDON_PATH=/usr/local/grass/addons/&lt;br /&gt;
 export GRASS_ADDON_PATH&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure that the script is executable, then just call it in GRASS typing the filename. Python scripts need to be called writing the extension as well, like:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS 6.5.svn (spearfish60):~ &amp;gt; v.krige.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Development]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Installation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Compile_and_Install/ko&amp;diff=19232</id>
		<title>Compile and Install/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Compile_and_Install/ko&amp;diff=19232"/>
		<updated>2013-07-18T18:39:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;!-- {{MoveToTrac}} --&amp;gt;  '''Disclaimer''': 여기서는 GRASS GIS 소스코드를 다양한 운영 체계에서 수행 가능한 이진 팩키지로 변환 (&amp;quot;컴파일&amp;quot;)하는...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- {{MoveToTrac}} --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer''': 여기서는 GRASS GIS 소스코드를 다양한 운영 체계에서 수행 가능한 이진 팩키지로 변환 (&amp;quot;컴파일&amp;quot;)하는 방법을 설명합니다. 만약, 당신이 바로 사용할 수 있는 이진 팩키지를 원한다면, 다음 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/ here]를 방문하십시오, 그렇지 않다면, 계속하시기를 바랍니다 ... &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== How to do compilation and installation of GRASS 6? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here we explain the procedure to compile GRASS from SVN, but it also applies to official GRASS 6 releases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''For installation of precompiled binary packages, see the main [[Installation Guide]].''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For detailed information on compilation, please see the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/source/INSTALL INSTALL] file in the source code.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prerequisites ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Extra libraries ====&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS needs at least two extra libraries: PROJ and GDAL/OGR&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Note: if you want to have DBMS support in GDAL (subsequently in GRASS) you have to perform the &amp;quot;Optional&amp;quot; steps below as well.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ4] for management of projections (with proj-datumgrid-1.3.zip support)&lt;br /&gt;
* Optional: [http://trac.osgeo.org/geos/ GEOS]&lt;br /&gt;
* Optional: [http://www.postgresql.org PostgreSQL], [http://www.mysql.org mySQL], [http://www.unixodbc.org unixODBC], [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite] (SQLite is needed for [[QGIS]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL/OGR] for reading and writing various GIS data formats (interoperability)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You have to install these two libraries '''first''' (see below how to get them precompiled for your system).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is easiest to obtain a prepackaged version of these libraries (e.g., .rpm; .deb) for your particular operating system and run the corresponding package installation (e.g., rpm -Uhv packagename.rpm; apt-get) in a terminal window. Take care to also install the development packages of these libraries (...-devel packages). If there is no prepackage version, then you will have to download the source code (see links above, source code packages usually ends in .tar.gz or .zip) and compile it (you must have a C compiler installed as part of your operating system). The Web sites show the steps to compile the libraries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other libraries needed to run GRASS are listed on the {{website|grass64/source/REQUIREMENTS.html|requirements page}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To compile, you will also need the respective &amp;quot;-devel&amp;quot; packages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Download GRASS GIS source code ====&lt;br /&gt;
Then [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/ download the GRASS GIS source code] of course.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Generic Compilation and installation procedure ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* It is wise that compilation processes are carried out as a normal user: If you want to get the source code in a place where  you do not have write permissions (e.g. in /usr/local/src/) just follow this:&lt;br /&gt;
      cd /usr/local/src/ &lt;br /&gt;
      su -c 'mkdir grass6'&lt;br /&gt;
      su -c 'chown yourlogin:yourgroup grass6'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Otherwise if you have permissions just continue as a normal user:&lt;br /&gt;
      cd /usr/local/src/&lt;br /&gt;
      svn checkout ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* do a code checkout from the SVN source code repository&lt;br /&gt;
: checkout the latest GRASS 6.x from SVN (see: {{twiki|DownloadSource}})&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* in the grass6 directory, you will find the precious INSTALL file, open it with your favourite pager/editor and read it carefully!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* run configure with parameters to adapt the compile process to your own system. To see what options can be passed to it, run:&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure --help | less &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- The minimum set of configure parameters is &lt;br /&gt;
      ./configure ### --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It may (!) look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
      ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-postgres-libs=/usr/include/pgsql/libpq \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-freetype \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-motif \&lt;br /&gt;
          --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You may have to explicitly state the path for certain packages (i.e., gdal). The Unix 'locate' command will come in handy for finding the path of the package you need (you may have to run locate as root ex: sudo locate gdal-config).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please note that the paths mentioned may widely vary due to the distribution used.&lt;br /&gt;
See [[Compile_and_Install#Platform_Specific_Notes|Platform Specific Notes]] below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Depending on your needs it may be a good idea to include debugging hooks.&lt;br /&gt;
: See [[GRASS_Debugging#Compile_Time_Setup]].&lt;br /&gt;
 CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-ggdb -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration&amp;quot; ./configure ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the end of configuration process you should get report not much different from this:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS is now configured for:  i686-pc-linux-gnu&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 Source directory:            /usr/src/grass6&lt;br /&gt;
 Build directory:             /usr/src/grass6&lt;br /&gt;
 Installation directory:      /usr/local/grass-6.3.svn&lt;br /&gt;
 Startup script in directory: ${exec_prefix}/bin&lt;br /&gt;
 C compiler:                  gcc -g -O2 &lt;br /&gt;
 C++ compiler:                c++ -g -O2&lt;br /&gt;
 FORTRAN compiler:            &lt;br /&gt;
 Building shared libraries:   yes&lt;br /&gt;
 64bit support:               no&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
  NVIZ:                       yes&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
  BLAS support:               no&lt;br /&gt;
  C++ support:                yes&lt;br /&gt;
  DWG support:                no&lt;br /&gt;
  FFMPEG support:             no&lt;br /&gt;
  FFTW support:               yes&lt;br /&gt;
  FreeType support:           yes&lt;br /&gt;
  GDAL support:               yes&lt;br /&gt;
  GLw support:                no&lt;br /&gt;
  LAPACK support:             no&lt;br /&gt;
  Large File Support (LFS):   no&lt;br /&gt;
  Motif support:              no&lt;br /&gt;
  MySQL support:              no&lt;br /&gt;
  NLS support:                no&lt;br /&gt;
  ODBC support:               no&lt;br /&gt;
  OGR support:                yes&lt;br /&gt;
  OpenGL(R) support:          yes&lt;br /&gt;
  PNG support:                yes&lt;br /&gt;
  PostgreSQL support:         yes&lt;br /&gt;
  Readline support:           no&lt;br /&gt;
  SQLite support:             no&lt;br /&gt;
  Tcl/Tk support:             yes&lt;br /&gt;
  TIFF support:               yes&lt;br /&gt;
  X11 support:                yes&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
* Let's compile it (takes a little while...)!&lt;br /&gt;
      make&lt;br /&gt;
* At the end, you should get report not much different from this:&lt;br /&gt;
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
 Following modules are missing the 'description.html' file in src code:&lt;br /&gt;
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS GIS compilation log&lt;br /&gt;
 -------------------------&lt;br /&gt;
 Started compilation: Ne kvě 28 13:18:43 CEST 2006&lt;br /&gt;
 --&lt;br /&gt;
 Errors in:&lt;br /&gt;
 --&lt;br /&gt;
 Finished compilation: Ne kvě 28 13:43:40 CEST 2006&lt;br /&gt;
 (In case of errors please change into the directory with error and run 'make')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* If there is any error, change directory to directory with error and run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; again. Report occuring bug to grass mailing list&lt;br /&gt;
* Once the installation process is finished, you're ready to install GRASS system wide.&lt;br /&gt;
      su -c 'make install'&lt;br /&gt;
* enjoy GRASS: &lt;br /&gt;
      grass64&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== What else? ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to use [http://www.qgis.org QGIS], then also compile the GRASS-GDAL/OGR plugin. This is also useful to access your GRASS-data&lt;br /&gt;
from other application using GDAL/OGR like [http://thuban.intevation.de thuban].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (enables QGIS to read GRASS data directly)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Platform Specific Notes ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Linux ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Debian =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Read the instructions here:&lt;br /&gt;
: http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/branches/develbranch_6/debian/README.debian&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   # first install PROJ, GDAL, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
   cd grass64/&lt;br /&gt;
   # follow instructions in debian/README.debian&lt;br /&gt;
   fakeroot buildpackage&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Official [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianGis DebianGIS] packaging [http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/ control files], also accessible via svn:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  svn co svn://svn.debian.org/svn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/trunk/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  svn co svn://svn.debian.org/svn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/branches/&amp;lt;GRASS Version&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== GRASS 6.1 on Debian Sarge ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/debiangisfiles#compile Compiling GRASS 6.1-CVS on Debian/OldStable (aka 3.1, Sarge)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== GRASS 6.4 on Debian Lenny ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install needed packages:&lt;br /&gt;
  apt-get install flex bison libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev lesstif2-dev debhelper dpatch libtiff4-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
          tcl-dev tk-dev libfftw3-dev libxmu-dev libfreetype6-dev autoconf2.13 autotools-dev doxygen \&lt;br /&gt;
          libmysqlclient15-dev graphviz libsqlite3-dev python-wxgtk2.8 libcairo2-dev libwxgtk2.8-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
          python-dev libgdal1-dev  libgdal1-1.5.0 libproj-dev libproj0 proj-data mysql&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Configure:&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-odbc \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.4/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-motif --with-fftw --with-nls --with-python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compile:&lt;br /&gt;
  make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install:&lt;br /&gt;
  sudo make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== GRASS 7 on Debian Squeeze ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install needed packages:&lt;br /&gt;
 apt-get install flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev python-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     libgdal1-1.6.0 libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff4-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     libwxgtk2.8-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
     proj-bin python-numpy python-wxgtk2.8 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Download source code:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass_trunk&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Configure:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 CXXFLAGS=&amp;quot;-g -Wall&amp;quot;  \&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-tcltk \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python2.6-config --with-wxwidgets \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-geos --with-pthread&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compile:&lt;br /&gt;
  make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Install:&lt;br /&gt;
  sudo make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Ubuntu =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''The above Debian notes will probably work with Ubuntu as well.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A more  [[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu | specific page]] towards Ubuntu is being written on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== Ubuntu 6.06, 7.10 ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/makegrass.sh makegrass.sh] is script designed to automate most of the download, configuration and compilation of GRASS 6.x-CVS&lt;br /&gt;
** it is advised use [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CheckInstall checkinstall] (''sudo apt-get install checkinstall'') instead of ''make install'' to keep track of installed software &lt;br /&gt;
** Think twice before using this script. Some users experienced problems such as disabled XGL etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[User:Steko/Automated_CVS_compiling|Here]] is another of these scripts, it's homemade so probably you'll find the above more useful for production sites.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== Ubuntu 7.10 64-bit ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Compiling latest GRASS source code on a 64-bit machine (with an ATI graphic card) under Ubuntu 7.10 64-bit with support for: 64-bit, SQLite, OpenGL, PYTHON, FFMPEG&lt;br /&gt;
(Based on &amp;quot;Ubuntu 6.06 LTS - GRASS 6.1 Compilation Script&amp;quot; by David Finlayson)&lt;br /&gt;
''Assuming it is the first time attempting to compile GRASS' source code &amp;amp; installing SVN, PROJ, GDAL/OGR''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preparation'''&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get update &amp;amp;&amp;amp; sudo apt-get upgrade&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install dependencies for compiling (in general) and dependencies for GRASS: PROJ, GDAL/OGR&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install grass build-essential flex bison libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
 libgdal1-dev libtiff4-dev libgcc1 libpng12-dev tcl8.4-dev tk8.4-dev fftw3-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
 libfreetype6-dev libavcodec-dev libxmu-dev gdal-bin libreadline5 libreadline5-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
 make python-dev python-wxversion&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install SQLite&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install SVN&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install subversion&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* create a directory as a simple user where source code(s) are going to be stored (in our example we use a directory called '''src''' under '''/usr/local''')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo mkdir /usr/local/src&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* grant rwx (read-write-execute) permissions for our userid/ groupid on the directory (replace words userid and groupid with real userid):&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo chown ''userid'':''groupid'' /usr/local/src&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo chmod ug+rwx /usr/local/src&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* download latest source code from GRASS SVN repository in a directory on the system (e.g. /usr/local/src)&lt;br /&gt;
 svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass_trunk&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Above command places GRASS' source code in '''/usr/local/src/grass_trunk'''. In case of a subsequent update use the command: '''svn up''' from within the grass_trunk directory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
'''Before''' attempting to compile GRASS, READ section (C) in the '''INSTALL''' file located in the main directory of GRASS source code entitled:&lt;br /&gt;
'''(C) COMPILATION NOTES for 64bit platforms'''&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* installing FFTW3 if not already on system&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install fftw3 fftw3-dev&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''FFMPEG'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: Back in Ubuntu 7.10, installing ffmpeg through the repositories wouldn't work with grass. The following steps were successfully used.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install FFMPEG (information taken from: http://stream0.org/2008/01/install-ffmpeg-on-ubuntu-gutsy.html)&lt;br /&gt;
* download source code with svn&lt;br /&gt;
 svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg/trunk ffmpeg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* install dependencies&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo apt-get install liblame-dev libfaad2-dev libfaac-dev libxvidcore4-dev \&lt;br /&gt;
      liba52-0.7.4 liba52-0.7.4-dev libx264-dev libdts-dev checkinstall \&lt;br /&gt;
      build-essential subversion&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* guide to ffmpeg directory&lt;br /&gt;
 cd ffmpeg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if necessary: '''make distclean''' before configuration (look at notes below)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* configuration ('''note:''' the configuration parameter &amp;quot;'''--enable-pp'''&amp;quot; does not work anymore)&lt;br /&gt;
 # configure FFMPEG&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libvorbis --enable-libtheora \&lt;br /&gt;
             --enable-liba52 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libgsm \&lt;br /&gt;
             --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libfaad --enable-libfaac \&lt;br /&gt;
             --enable-libxvid --enable-pthreads --enable-libx264 \&lt;br /&gt;
             --enable-shared&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compilation&lt;br /&gt;
 make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* installation on /usr/local/bin -- important to remember when configuring GRASS' source code for compilation&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo checkinstall&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Go for GRASS!'''&lt;br /&gt;
* in our example we used the /usr/local/src directory to store GRASS' source code, so:&lt;br /&gt;
 cd /usr/local/src/grass_trunk&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* configuration&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-g -Wall&amp;quot; ./configure --enable-64bit \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-libs=/usr/lib64 --with-cxx --with-freetype=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-postgres=no --with-sqlite=yes --enable-largefile=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.4 \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL --with-readline \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-python=yes --with-ffmpeg=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
        --with-ffmpeg-includes=/usr/local/include/ffmpeg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*if OpenGL fails then maybe it is necessary to link '''glxATI.h''' with '''glx.h''' and re-run the configuration&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 cd /usr/include/GL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo ln glxATI.h glx.h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compilation&lt;br /&gt;
 make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compilation is expected to end with a statement similar to the following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 Started compilation: Wed Feb 27 00:24:36 CET 2008&lt;br /&gt;
 --&lt;br /&gt;
 Errors in:&lt;br /&gt;
 No errors detected.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* installation&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo checkinstall&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* launch 64-bit GRASS.6.4.svn&lt;br /&gt;
 grass64&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Notes'''&lt;br /&gt;
* in case of errors in future compilation attempts, remember to remove program binaries with&lt;br /&gt;
 make clean&lt;br /&gt;
* and the files created with the &amp;quot;configuration&amp;quot; from previous compilations with&lt;br /&gt;
 make distclean&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== Ubuntu 8.04 and above ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Compile and Install Ubuntu‎]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Mandriva =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Installation of dependencies (urpmi will ask you a few more):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mandriva 2009:''' (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit)&lt;br /&gt;
  # as root&lt;br /&gt;
    urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
          mesagl1-devel mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion&lt;br /&gt;
    exit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mandriva 2010:''' (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit) - see also [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/grass/current/SPECS/ SPEC] file&lt;br /&gt;
  # as root&lt;br /&gt;
    # installation of PROJ and GDAL&lt;br /&gt;
    urpmi proj proj-devel gdal gdal-devel gcc-gfortran lib64openssl1.0.0 \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64openssl1.0.0-devel postgresql8.4-devel lib64pq8.4&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
    # installation of compilation environment&lt;br /&gt;
    urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64mesagl1-devel lib64mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \&lt;br /&gt;
          lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion&lt;br /&gt;
    exit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then, to configure GRASS, run (64 bit stuff optional of course):&lt;br /&gt;
  #  as user&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
    --enable-64bit --with-libs=/usr/lib64 \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-nls \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-python \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-wxwidgets=/usr/lib/wxPython/bin/wx-config \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-fftw \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/libav* /usr/include/libpostproc /usr/include/libswscale&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-motif \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib64 \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
    --enable-largefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   # compilation (use -j2 ior -j4 parameter on multi-core CPUs to accelerate):   &lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Installation:&lt;br /&gt;
    su&lt;br /&gt;
    # this will install into /usr/local/&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    exit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== CentOS =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: CentOS 5 comes with Python 2.4 which lacks python-config, hence two extra tweaks are needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Preparation:&lt;br /&gt;
  yum install flex bison zlib-devel  tcl-devel tk-devel gcc-c++ gettext \&lt;br /&gt;
              libtiff-devel libpng-devel sqlite-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel mesa-libGLw-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              mesa-libOSMesa-devel libXmu-devel python-devel gtk2-devel\&lt;br /&gt;
              ncurses-devel postgresql-devel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compile and install [http://proj.osgeo.org PROJ4]:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 # get source code and unpack:&lt;br /&gt;
 wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-4.7.0.tar.gz&lt;br /&gt;
 tar xvfz proj-4.7.0.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;
 rm -f proj-4.7.0.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;
 cd proj-4.7.0/&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # get and install datum files into right directory:&lt;br /&gt;
 cd nad/&lt;br /&gt;
 wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip&lt;br /&gt;
 unzip proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip&lt;br /&gt;
 rm -f proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip&lt;br /&gt;
 cd ..&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # configure and compile&lt;br /&gt;
 sh configure&lt;br /&gt;
 make -j4&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # install (may require &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; permissions, use &amp;quot;su&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
 make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compile and install [http://www.gdal.org GDAL]:&lt;br /&gt;
 # get source code and unpack:&lt;br /&gt;
 wget http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/gdal-1.6.3.tar.gz&lt;br /&gt;
 tar xvfz gdal-1.6.3.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;
 rm -f gdal-1.6.3.tar.gz &lt;br /&gt;
 cd gdal-1.6.3/&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # configure and compile&lt;br /&gt;
 sh configure&lt;br /&gt;
 make -j4&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # install (may require &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; permissions, use &amp;quot;su&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
 make install&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # add /usr/local/lib/ to LD_LIBRARY_PATH, requires &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; permissions:&lt;br /&gt;
 su - &lt;br /&gt;
 echo &amp;quot;/usr/local/lib&amp;quot; &amp;gt; /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gdal.conf&lt;br /&gt;
 ldconfig&lt;br /&gt;
 exit&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 # test installation by running&lt;br /&gt;
 gdalinfo&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 7 compilation and installation, here 64bit example:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Download wxGTP and wxPython:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  wget http://packages.sw.be/wxPython/wxPython-2.8.9.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
  wget http://packages.sw.be/wxPython/wxPython-devel-2.8.9.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
  wget http://packages.sw.be/wxGTK/wxGTK-2.8.9-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
  wget http://packages.sw.be/wxGTK/wxGTK-devel-2.8.9-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
  # Install:&lt;br /&gt;
  rpm -Uhv wxPython-2.8.9.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm wxPython-devel-2.8.9.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm \&lt;br /&gt;
           wxGTK-2.8.9-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm wxGTK-devel-2.8.9-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
2. Also required is the python library python-dateutil. As root user run:&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
   yum install python-dateutil  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/ Download] and configure GRASS 7 (suggestion: save this as script). Note that [http://proj.osgeo.org PROJ4] and [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] must be compiled first:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-libs=/usr/lib64 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-ffmpeg \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-odbc \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-postgres \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-mysql \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-nls \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-python \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \&lt;br /&gt;
  --without-fftw \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-pthread&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Add manually the path to the python include directory since python-config isn't there:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   # edit include/Make/Platform.make&lt;br /&gt;
   # and add manually the line&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
   PYTHONINC           = -I/usr/include/python2.4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Compile&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
   or on multicore (number depends of available cores):&lt;br /&gt;
    make -j4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Either install with &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; (as root user) or run directly from compile directory (substitute ARCH with i586 or x86_64):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    bin.$ARCH/grass70 -wx&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Gentoo =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
    --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/freetype2/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also http://packages.gentoo.org/package/sci-geosciences/grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Fedora =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Preparation''' for the compilation of GRASS GIS source code (F16, F17, F18):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  yum install proj-devel gdal-devel sqlite-devel ffmpeg-devel mesa-libGL-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              mesa-libGLU-devel libXmu-devel libX11-devel tcl-devel tk-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              fftw-devel libtiff-devel lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
              gcc gcc-c++ bison flex ncurses-devel proj-epsg proj-nad xml2 python-dateutil&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Note 1: that currently gdal-devel has (too) many dependencies and will lead to a massive download of extra packages (200 on a fresh Fedora 16 install).''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Note 2: the optional ffmpeg-devel comes from the rpmfusion-free repository ([http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration/ configuration]).''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Download''' the source code:&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS GIS 6: [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/ release package] - [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/source/snapshot/ weekly snapshot] - [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DownloadSource#GRASS6.4 SVN repository]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS GIS 7: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ weekly snapshot] - [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DownloadSource#GRASS7 SVN repository]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Configure''': This is an example how to configure the source code on a Fedora system:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-nls \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-fftw \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \&lt;br /&gt;
   --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
   --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
   --without-odbc&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: An effective (but not fast) way of getting dependencies is to decide what to enable in the configuration, and then run ./config and see which files are missing. The package providing it can be found via:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 yum provides */&amp;lt;name of the file&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and then install them with your favourite package manager frontend or yum itself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Extra: If you also want '''FFMPEG''' support:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It requires 'yum install fftw-devel'. Then add to the configuration lines above:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
     --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/ffmpeg /usr/include/ffmpeg/libav* /usr/include/ffmpeg/libpostproc /usr/include/ffmpeg/libswscale&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally '''compile''' the configured source code:&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
   or on multicore (number depends of available cores):&lt;br /&gt;
    make -j4&lt;br /&gt;
   and&lt;br /&gt;
    make install # requires root permissions unless you become owner of /usr/local/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then use GRASS GIS and enjoy!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== openSUSE =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To build GRASS on openSUSE:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
RPM packages to be installed:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;bash&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo zypper install bison flex freetype2-devel fftw3-devel gcc-c++ \&lt;br /&gt;
   libgdal-devel libgeos-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   man proj libproj-devel readline-devel netcdf-devel ncurses-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   mysql-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel unixODBC-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   tcl-devel tk-devel xorg-x11-Mesa-devel libXmu-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   python-numpy python-dateutil python-devel python-opengl \&lt;br /&gt;
   python-wxWidgets python-xml python-dateutil wxWidgets-devel \&lt;br /&gt;
   zlib-devel&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source code configuration:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;bash&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
 	--enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-lapack=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-x \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-motif \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-fftw \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-readline \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-netcdf \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-curses \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-geos \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-nls \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-freetype \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-wxwidgets \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-odbc \&lt;br /&gt;
	--with-python&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then compile with &amp;quot;make [-j2]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Arch Linux =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The easiest/fastest way is to build GRASS GIS using AUR:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/?O=0&amp;amp;K=grass (msieczka: I would recommend my set of PKBUILDs - https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/?K=czk&amp;amp;SeB=m. They are most feature-rich, up-to-date and allow to have various versions installed alongside each other without conflicts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if you want to compile it yourself you have to keep in mind that in Arch Linux the default Python version 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 python --version&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 Python 3.3.1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, to build GRASS GIS (version 7 in this example), we can use either use virtualenv or symlink python2 and python2-config in a given directory. &lt;br /&gt;
Let's use the latter approach&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2 $HOME/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2-config $HOME/usr/bin/python-config&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We can now start building GRASS 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=~/usr/bin:$PATH &amp;amp;&amp;amp; \&lt;br /&gt;
 ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
 --enable-debug \&lt;br /&gt;
 --enable-64bit \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-libs=/usr/lib64  \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-readline \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-zlib-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-freetype=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-freetype-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/freetype2/&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --enable-largefile=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj/ \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-geos=/usr/bin/geos-config \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-cairo \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-odbc \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-pthread \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-liblas=/usr/local/bin/liblas-config  \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-fftw-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-fftw-libs=/usr/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-tcltk-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-wxwidgets \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-postgres=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-postgres-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/postgresql/internal&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-postgres-libs=&amp;quot;/usr/include/postgresql/internal/libpq&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-sqlite=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-python=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-liblas \&lt;br /&gt;
 --with-netcdf &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now let's compile and install it&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 make&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now the final step required to use GRASS with python2 is to create a bash script &amp;quot;grass&amp;quot; (or the name you want)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 #!/bin/bash&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=~/usr/bin:$PATH&lt;br /&gt;
 python2 /usr/local/bin/grass70&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And make it executable and copy it somewhere in the PATH&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 chmod+x grass&lt;br /&gt;
 sudo cp grass /usr/local/bin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It's done, you can enjoy GRASS 7 in Arch, just type &amp;quot;grass&amp;quot; (or the name you gave to the script) in the terminal to launch it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== RPM SPEC files =====&lt;br /&gt;
* ... can be found in the source code, rpm/ directory, &lt;br /&gt;
* or [https://build.opensuse.org/package/show?package=grass&amp;amp;project=Application%3AGeo OpenSuSe]&lt;br /&gt;
* or [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/grass Fedora]&lt;br /&gt;
* or [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/grass/ Mandriva] (there are also [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/proj/ proj4], [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/geos/ geos], [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/gdal/ gdal], [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/gdal-grass/ gdal-grass-plugin], [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/qgis/ qgis] etc)&lt;br /&gt;
* ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Zaurus =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
... see [http://wiki.debian.org/?GrassGISonZaurus here] for instructions&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mac OSX ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* see the source/macosx readme&lt;br /&gt;
* also see [[Compiling on MacOSX]]&lt;br /&gt;
* some notes on [[Packaging on MacOSX]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Download [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/frameworks#build_scripts build scripts]&lt;br /&gt;
* Solving errors at starting GRASS GIS :[[MacOSX GRASS errors]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== FreeBSD / NetBSD ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the respective package managing tools (pkg_add for FreeBSD and pkgin install for NetBSD) and for recent *BSD versions most likely installed by default.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.x and GRASS 7 should compile on FreeBSD 8.0 or later and NetBSD 5.0 or later (maybe also on updated NetBSD 4.x).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is highly recommended to install GDAL/OGR and PROJ4 first. These libraries and tools are available as [http://www.freebsd.org/ports/ ports for FreeBSD] and [http://www.pkgsrc.org/ packages for NetBSD].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Optional functionality is listed with ''./configure --help'', and related libraries and tools might need to be installed first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Solaris ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* ''2008 Oct 15'': see [http://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/grass-user/2008-October/047093.html this post on the grass mailing list]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== 11 SPARC/i86pc =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the Solaris package manager.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most dependencies are available through the Solaris package manager. GDAL and proj4 can either be compiled from source or installed e.g. from [http://www.opencsw.org/ OpenCSW]. If packages are installed from OpenCSW, the linker flags need to be set with&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      LDFLAGS=&amp;quot;-Wl,-R/opt/csw/lib -L/opt/csw/lib -Wl,-R/opt/csw/gxx/lib -L/opt/csw/gxx/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also the [http://www.opencsw.org/use-it/ OpenCSW documentation].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== 10 SPARC/i86pc =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* get gcc compiler and tools. There are several sources: Solaris Companion CD (SFW pkg, installs in /opt/sfw/), Blastwave ([http://www.blastwave.org], CSW pkg, installs in /opt/csw/) or Sunfreeware ([http://www.sunfreeware.com], SMC pkg, installs in /usr/local/). &lt;br /&gt;
Needed Packages from Sunfreeware: SMCbinut, SMCbison, SMCcoreu, SMCfindu, SMCflex, SMCgawk, SMCgcc, SMCgrep, SMCgzip, SMCless, SMClibt, SMClicon, SMCmake, SMCncurs, SMCproj, SMCsed, SMCtar, SMCtcl, SMCtiff, SMCtk, SMCunzip, SMCzlib. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compile and install fftw-library ([http://www.fftw.org]). You need to re-compile the library with: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      ./configure --with-pic --enable-shared; make ; make install. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pre-built packages don't work. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compile and install gdal library (see documentation of gdal, [http://www.gdal.org]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* compile and install any additional libraries (e. g. GEOS, [http://geos.refractions.net]). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* set compiler flags and path. e. g.: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      # on ultra-sparc machine:&lt;br /&gt;
      CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O3 -mcpu=v9&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      CXXFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O3 -mcpu=v9&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      PATH=&amp;quot;/usr/local/bin:/opt/sfw/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      export CFLAGS CXXFLAGS PATH&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Path has to be changed for the packages (Sunfreeware: /usr/local/bin, Solaris Companion: /opt/sfw/bin, Blastwave: /opt/csw/bin). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Next configure, e. g.: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      ./configure --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql/ \&lt;br /&gt;
      --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib --with-postgres=yes \&lt;br /&gt;
      --with-includes=/usr/local/include/ncurses&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you use n(ew)curses, you have to include the path /usr/local/include/ncurses. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
then:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      make&lt;br /&gt;
      su&lt;br /&gt;
      make install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the shared libraries are not found at runtime of the modules, use 'crle' to add the paths of the libraries for the dynamic linker, e. g. as root:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      crle -l /lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/opt/sfw/lib:/usr/X11/lib&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Be careful not to omit a library path, the system may be unusable if you forget the /lib path.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== AIX ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A recent [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (&amp;gt;= 3.81) and GNU coreutils are required. These are available with the [http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/aix/linux/toolbox/download.html IBM AIX toolbox] or through third-party AIX software repositories, e.g. [http://www.bullfreeware.com/ bullfreeware] and [http://www.perzl.org/aix/ perzl.org]. Note that 'make' does not work, only 'gmake' works. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
General instructions to compile on AIX are e.g. [http://www.perzl.org/aix/index.php?n=Main.Instructions here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''GRASS 6: Using the IBM xlc compiler:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* ''see [http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gis.grass.user/32667 this mailing list thread]''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mike wrote in 2009:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After attempting all the suggestions, I finally used&lt;br /&gt;
--disable-shared on the configure command, and all but&lt;br /&gt;
a handful of modules successfully compiled. I was able to&lt;br /&gt;
individually address the ones that failed through Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
edits and several small source code/header file edits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The environment variables and configure command that worked were:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# xlc compiler:&lt;br /&gt;
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/opt/freeware/bin:$PATH&lt;br /&gt;
export OBJECT_MODE=64&lt;br /&gt;
export LIBICONV=/opt/freeware&lt;br /&gt;
export CC=&amp;quot;xlc_r -q64&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O -qstrict&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CXX=&amp;quot;xlC_r -q64&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CXXFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O -qstrict&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export AR=&amp;quot;ar -X64&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export F77=&amp;quot;xlf_r -q64&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CPPFLAGS=&amp;quot;-I/afs/isis/pkg/libpng/include -I/usr/local/include -I$LIBICONV/include -I/usr/lpp/X11/include/X11&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export LDFLAGS=&amp;quot;-L/usr/local/lib -L$LIBICONV/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
./configure --prefix=/afs/isis/pkg/grass-6.4.0 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-64bit \&lt;br /&gt;
  --disable-shared \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-includes=&amp;quot;/usr/include/fontconfig /usr/include/X11 /usr/include/X11/Xft /usr/include/X11/ext&amp;quot; \&lt;br /&gt;
  --x-includes=/usr/include/X11 \&lt;br /&gt;
  --x-libraries=/usr/X11R6/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/include \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-gdal=/afs/isis/pkg/gdal/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/include \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/share/proj \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/local/include \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tcltk-libs=/usr/local/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-opengl-includes=/usr/include/GL&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''GRASS 7: Using the IBM xlc compiler:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Get and install (in this order):&lt;br /&gt;
* [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ GNU tar]&lt;br /&gt;
* [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (&amp;gt;= 3.81)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ.4] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS 7]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The environment variables and configure command that worked:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
## AIX 5.x&lt;br /&gt;
PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin&lt;br /&gt;
./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --prefix=$PREFIX \&lt;br /&gt;
  --disable-shared \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tiff=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-png=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype=no&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''GRASS 7: Using the GNU gcc compiler:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Get and install (in this order):&lt;br /&gt;
* if needed, [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ GNU tar]&lt;br /&gt;
* if needed (the name is often 'gmake' and not 'make') [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (&amp;gt;= 3.81)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ.4] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS 7]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 5.x:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
## AIX 5.x&lt;br /&gt;
PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin&lt;br /&gt;
CFLAGS='-ansi -D_ALL_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -Dinline=' ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --prefix=$PREFIX \&lt;br /&gt;
  --disable-shared \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tiff=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-png=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype=no&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 7.x:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
## AIX 7.x&lt;br /&gt;
export CC=&amp;quot;gcc&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
export CXX=&amp;quot;g++&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
PREFIX=$HOME/bin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LDFLAGS=&amp;quot;-Wl,-bsvr4,-R,/opt/freeware/lib -L/opt/freeware/lib&amp;quot; CPPFLAGS=&amp;quot;-I/opt/freeware/include&amp;quot; ./configure \&lt;br /&gt;
  --prefix=$PREFIX \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-largefile \&lt;br /&gt;
  --enable-shared \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-includes=/opt/freeware/include --with-libs=/opt/freeware/lib \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cxx \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-gdal=$PREFIX/bin/gdal-config \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-png=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-tiff=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-fftw=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-cairo=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-opengl=no \&lt;br /&gt;
  --with-freetype=no&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-Windows ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== MS-Windows/Cygwin =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[Cygwin]] wiki pages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== MS-Windows/native =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== Compile ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/CompileOnWindows GRASS Windows Native Binary Building Guide] (GRASS 6.4.x)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[http://www.webalice.it/marco.pasetti/grass/BuildFromSource.html GRASS Windows Native Binary Building Guide] (GRASS 6.3.x) &amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* See/adapt [http://blog.qgis.org/node/124 idea] for unattended install of QGIS (et al) from [http://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/ OSGeo4W] from the QuantumGIS Blog.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]] for latest updates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Common problems and solutions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During compilation, error can occur if certain packages are not installed. Here a list of problems with solution:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory&lt;br /&gt;
** this suggests that you don't have the X headers installed&lt;br /&gt;
** Solution: Install the libx11-dev package&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* error:  g.list: error while loading shared libraries: libgdal1.6.0.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory&lt;br /&gt;
** this error appears in the shell right after the user clicks GUI's &amp;quot;Start GRASS&amp;quot; button. The GUI shows an error about geographic extent and gets closed afterwards.&lt;br /&gt;
** It happens when you launch bin.i686 executable on 64bit system. Be careful and choose the right architecture.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Static compilation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to get static rather than dynamically linked binaries, configure like this:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  ./configure --disable-shared --enable-static&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This will however break the wxGUI and GRASS 7 completely because &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; wants to link against shared libs, or there is something in the static libs that &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; does not like.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Optimization ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GCC and other compilers support [http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.3.3/gcc/Optimize-Options.html#Optimize-Options optimization]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you would like to set compiler optimisations, for a possibly faster binary, type (don't enter a &amp;quot;;&amp;quot; anywhere):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        CFLAGS=-O ./configure&lt;br /&gt;
or,&lt;br /&gt;
        setenv CFLAGS -O&lt;br /&gt;
        ./configure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
whichever works on your shell. Use -O2 instead of -O if your compiler supports this (note: O is the letter, not zero). Using the &amp;quot;gcc&amp;quot; compiler, you can also specify processor specific flags (examples, please suggest better settings to us):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-mcpu=athlon -O2&amp;quot; # AMD Athlon processor with code optimisations&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-march=amdfam10&amp;quot;  # AMD Phenom II X4 64bit processor with gcc &amp;gt;=4.3&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-mcpu=pentium&amp;quot;    # Intel Pentium processor&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-mcpu=pentium4&amp;quot;   # Intel Pentium4 processor&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O2 -msse -msse2 -mfpmath=sse -minline-all-stringops&amp;quot; # Intel XEON 64bit processor&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-mtune=nocona -m64 -minline-all-stringops&amp;quot;            # Intel Pentium 64bit processor&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To find out optional CFLAGS for your platform, enter:&lt;br /&gt;
  gcc -dumpspecs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also: http://gcc.gnu.org/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A real fast GRASS version (and small binaries) will be created with LDFLAGS set to &amp;quot;stripping&amp;quot; (but this disables debugging):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-O2 -mcpu=&amp;lt;cpu_see_above&amp;gt; -Wall&amp;quot; LDFLAGS=&amp;quot;-s&amp;quot; ./configure&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Configure options and their meanings ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For configure there are many options and some GRASS modules are built only if some options are set. Here are listed common configuration options with short explanation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* --prefix=/path - Sets path where GRASS will be installed. GRASS will reside in /path/grass-version.&lt;br /&gt;
* --enable-largefile - Enables large (&amp;gt;2Gb on 32bit systems) support. For current large file support status look at [[Large File Support]] page.&lt;br /&gt;
* --with-cxx - Enables compilation of C++ code. Required for r.terraflow module.&lt;br /&gt;
* --with-readline - Enables readline support. If readline is enabled, you can use its history/editing facilities when entering r.mapcalc expressions on stdin.&lt;br /&gt;
* --with-glw - Enables GLw support. The GLw library provides OpenGL &amp;quot;canvas&amp;quot; widgets for Athena and Motif. &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 That switch is unnecessary for normal compilation. It's only&lt;br /&gt;
 required for r3.showdspf, which isn't normally built; if you &lt;br /&gt;
 want it, you have build it manually &lt;br /&gt;
 (e.g. &amp;quot;make -C raster3d/r3.showdspf&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
 As similar functionality is now provided by NVIZ, r3.showdspf&lt;br /&gt;
 is deprecated.&lt;br /&gt;
 r3.showdspf uses the Motif widget (so you also need a &lt;br /&gt;
 Motif library, e.g. Lesstif or OpenMotif).&lt;br /&gt;
 [http://grass.itc.it/pipermail/grassuser/2006-December/037475.html Glynn Clements at GRASS-user mailing list]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Parallelized compilation on multi-core CPUs ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can dramatically accelerate the compilation of the GRASS code with the -j flag of &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; if you have a multi-core CPU system. This determines the maximum number of jobs to have running at once, so cores don't have to sit idle waiting for jobs on other cores to complete. A good rule of thumb for this value is &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;number_of_cores * 1.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;, but note that setting any higher than the actual number of cores will only affect the timing slightly. For example, on a dual-core processor:&lt;br /&gt;
  make -j 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- CFLAGS=&amp;quot;-pipe&amp;quot; doesn't seem to help much --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== GRASS-GDAL plugin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* see [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Addons ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please note that the installation of [[AddOns/GRASS_6|Addons]] can be easily done with the {{cmd|g.extension}} manager. The compile instructions below are aiming at own development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Compiled C modules ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Requirements:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Either:&lt;br /&gt;
* a binary GRASS package, or&lt;br /&gt;
* source code which has been prepared with:&lt;br /&gt;
    ./configure [opionally flags]&lt;br /&gt;
    make libs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each of the [[GRASS_AddOns|addon]] modules should come with a Makefile. To compile it, just run:&lt;br /&gt;
    make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If using Bash it may be useful to set that up as an alias:&lt;br /&gt;
    alias gmake64='make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Installation (perhaps requires &amp;quot;sudo&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
    make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/ install&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: Compiled addons may require a re-compilation if you changed/updated your GRASS standard binaries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== If binary comes with a -dev package ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''(work in progress, this text states how it eventually will be :)''&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays one does not need to the source code, nor compiling GRASS by oneself to be able to add add-ons. On Debian, you can just install the grass-dev package and then run:&lt;br /&gt;
 make MODULE_TOPDIR=/usr/lib/grass64/ INST_DIR=/usr/lib/grass64/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grass-dev package essentially provides GRASS's &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;include&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; header files and Make configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Scripts ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the addon module is a script, it is sufficient to copy it into the (GRASS binaries) path somewhere. Alternatively, install addons into a separate GRASS addons binaries/scripts directory which is easier to maintain. It avoids getting clobbered every time you reinstall GRASS. To use these separately stored scripts, set and export the GRASS_ADDON_PATH environment variable before starting GRASS and it will automatically be added to the module search path (see the {{cmd|variables}} help page). To simplify this, do for example:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 # add in $HOME/.bashrc:&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_ADDON_PATH=/usr/local/grass/addons/&lt;br /&gt;
 export GRASS_ADDON_PATH&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure that the script is executable, then just call it in GRASS typing the filename. Python scripts need to be called writing the extension as well, like:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS 6.5.svn (spearfish60):~ &amp;gt; v.krige.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Development]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Installation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18891</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18891"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:23:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전 도입==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|도입을 위한 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트를 참고함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management GRASS에서 벡터자료 처리 작업]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''GRASS 5.7 교습서를 이 장소로 이전 예정''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 새 스페어피쉬 예제: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* 과거 교습: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.htm&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도를 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ (위키 최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 교습 Faq(최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass 6 교습 문제점 해결사항&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT 예제: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가로 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 간단한 내삽법 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18890</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18890"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:21:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 추가적인 읽을 거리 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management GRASS에서 벡터자료 처리 작업]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''GRASS 5.7 교습서를 이 장소로 이전 예정''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 새 스페어피쉬 예제: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* 과거 교습: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.htm&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도를 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ (위키 최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 교습 Faq(최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass 6 교습 문제점 해결사항&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT 예제: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가로 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 간단한 내삽법 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18889</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18889"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:19:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 벡터 자료 관리 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management GRASS에서 벡터자료 처리 작업]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''GRASS 5.7 교습서를 이 장소로 이전 예정''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 새 스페어피쉬 예제: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* 과거 교습: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.htm&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도를 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ (위키 최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 교습 Faq(최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass 6 교습 문제점 해결사항&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT 예제: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18888</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18888"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:17:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 사용법 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''GRASS 5.7 교습서를 이 장소로 이전 예정''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 새 스페어피쉬 예제: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* 과거 교습: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.htm&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도를 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ (위키 최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 교습 Faq(최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass 6 교습 문제점 해결사항&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT 예제: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18887</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18887"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:15:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 볼만한 연결위치 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 새 스페어피쉬 예제: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* 과거 교습: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ (위키 최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 교습 Faq(최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass 6 교습 문제점 해결사항&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT 예제: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18886</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18886"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:15:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 새 스페어피쉬 예제: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* 과거 교습: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ (위키 최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 교습 Faq(최빈질문)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass 6 교습 문제점 해결사항&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18885</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18885"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:13:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 문제해결 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 새 스페어피쉬 예제: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* 과거 교습: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass 6 교습 문제점 해결사항&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18884</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18884"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:12:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 벡터망 분석예 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 새 스페어피쉬 예제: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* 과거 교습: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18883</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18883"/>
		<updated>2013-06-11T23:11:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정보 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* New Spearfish examples: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Old tutorial: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18848</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18848"/>
		<updated>2013-06-04T08:51:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Testing and installing Python extensions */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==파이선 분과회==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 분과회 단체들(Python Special Interest Groups)은 파이선의 개발, 개선, 상세 관리를 위해 상호 노력합니다. 각각의 분과회는 분과회의, 조정자, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트의 디렉토리를 가집니다. 분과회 회원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하는 경우 자동으로 획득됩니다. 어떤 분이라도 분과회에 가입할 수 있으며, 분과회의 메일링 목록을 이용하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. 아래 연걸사이트에서 현재 활동중인 분과회 회원들의 주소와 그들이 소유한 리소스에 접근할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다 강력하며 C 언어에 비하여 매우 쉽습니다. 파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함합니다. 아래에 그 예제가 있습니다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도 프로그램 없이 GUI를 구현할 수 있습니다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 외형, 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. 이에 더하여 이러한 과정은 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결됩니다. 스크립트 (&amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;)용 라이버리를 &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다. 평범한 사용 예로:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일이 $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py 에 있습니다. 더 자세한 이해를 원한다면 다음을 이용하십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''노트: C 강점을 이용하여야만 하는 코드을 작성하려면, 여러분은 다음 사이트[[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''를 통하여 GRASS C 라이버러리 함수를 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor파이선 구문 편집기 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.4.3+의 레이어관리 [[wxGUI]] 는 파이선 셀을 가지고 있어 wxGUI환경하에서 사용자가 직접 파이선 구문을 작성할 수 있게 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS 파이선 구문 라이버러리 사용 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
당신은 그라스 세션중에서 쉽게 파이선 구문을 수행할 수 있습니다. 구문들을 작성하려면, &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
* 파이선 내부에서 사용된 그라스 구문을 지원하기 위해서 grass.script를 제공하는 lib/python/의 라이버러리를 조사하십시오. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  참조 [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]를 통하여 노트와 예제를 익히십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
* 그라스의 디렉토리 scripts/에 최종 사용자에게 제공되는 다수의 예제 시리즈가 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
바람직한 파이선 코드 체계를 보려면, 다음 사이트{{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}를 보십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 외부에서 그라스 함수를 호출하는 파이선 구문의 작성 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
노트: 다음은 파이션 외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하는 고급 사용예입니다.  This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. 보통은 그라스 환경하에서 그라스 파이션을 구동합니다. 즉, wxGUI에 내재된 파이션 셀이나 명령어 선상에서 수행하는 것입니다. ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하려면, 다음을 참조하세요. [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-원도우 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 파이선을 이용하여 그라스 함수를 사용하려면 몇몇의 환경변수를 설정하여야 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
몇몇 힌트:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 위에서 언급한  &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; 파일이 있어야 합니다. 최초 한번 그라스를 수행하시거나 아래 내용을 참조하십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션 해설어(python.exe) 가 패스에 나와야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션은 확장자 .py로 표기되어야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 당신이 확장자를 생략할 수 있어려며, PATHEXT가 .py를 포함하여야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH 가 다음으로 연결되어야 합니다, %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
열거 사항 2-4는 파이션 적재가가 다룰 수 있습니다. 항목 5는 처음 시작 때 수행되어야 합니다. (현재로, MS=Windows는 조금 사정이 다른 것 같습니다.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
대체법으로 직접 그라스를 실시간적으로 수행하려면, 당신은 스스로 .grassrc6파일을 생성하여도 무방합니다. 예, (&amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;를 고려하여 현재의 디렉토리를 업데이트하여도 됩니다. :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
%GISRC%가 합당한 연결점을 향하고 있으면, 파일 명칭은 무관합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우에서 그라스 6.x의 위치는 아래와 같습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우 7에서는, 전형적인 %APPDATA% 용 셋팅은 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 리눅스 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부 환경하에서 그라스 함수의 이용은 다음과 같이 환경변수를 지정하여야 합니다:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 파이션 환경하에서 외부명령문 실행 ===&lt;br /&gt;
파이션 환경하에서 외부명령어 실행에 대하여 배우려면, 다음을 참조하십시오:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
구 os.* 함수를 피하십시오. 섹션 17.1.3의 나열 항목은 Popen() 인텨페이스 사용과 유사하며, 윈도우즈 경우즍 더 강력합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 파이션 확장프로그램의 검정과 인스톨Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 수정 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
스크립트가 수행가능한지 확인하십시오:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development개발도중, 파이션 스크립트를 파이션 수정자로 고칠 수 있습니다. a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] 다른 언어를 사용하는 개발자 용&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] 개발자 용for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18847</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18847"/>
		<updated>2013-06-04T08:45:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 파이션 환경하에서 외부명령러 실행 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==파이선 분과회==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 분과회 단체들(Python Special Interest Groups)은 파이선의 개발, 개선, 상세 관리를 위해 상호 노력합니다. 각각의 분과회는 분과회의, 조정자, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트의 디렉토리를 가집니다. 분과회 회원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하는 경우 자동으로 획득됩니다. 어떤 분이라도 분과회에 가입할 수 있으며, 분과회의 메일링 목록을 이용하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. 아래 연걸사이트에서 현재 활동중인 분과회 회원들의 주소와 그들이 소유한 리소스에 접근할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다 강력하며 C 언어에 비하여 매우 쉽습니다. 파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함합니다. 아래에 그 예제가 있습니다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도 프로그램 없이 GUI를 구현할 수 있습니다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 외형, 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. 이에 더하여 이러한 과정은 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결됩니다. 스크립트 (&amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;)용 라이버리를 &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다. 평범한 사용 예로:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일이 $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py 에 있습니다. 더 자세한 이해를 원한다면 다음을 이용하십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''노트: C 강점을 이용하여야만 하는 코드을 작성하려면, 여러분은 다음 사이트[[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''를 통하여 GRASS C 라이버러리 함수를 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor파이선 구문 편집기 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.4.3+의 레이어관리 [[wxGUI]] 는 파이선 셀을 가지고 있어 wxGUI환경하에서 사용자가 직접 파이선 구문을 작성할 수 있게 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS 파이선 구문 라이버러리 사용 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
당신은 그라스 세션중에서 쉽게 파이선 구문을 수행할 수 있습니다. 구문들을 작성하려면, &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
* 파이선 내부에서 사용된 그라스 구문을 지원하기 위해서 grass.script를 제공하는 lib/python/의 라이버러리를 조사하십시오. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  참조 [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]를 통하여 노트와 예제를 익히십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
* 그라스의 디렉토리 scripts/에 최종 사용자에게 제공되는 다수의 예제 시리즈가 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
바람직한 파이선 코드 체계를 보려면, 다음 사이트{{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}를 보십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 외부에서 그라스 함수를 호출하는 파이선 구문의 작성 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
노트: 다음은 파이션 외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하는 고급 사용예입니다.  This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. 보통은 그라스 환경하에서 그라스 파이션을 구동합니다. 즉, wxGUI에 내재된 파이션 셀이나 명령어 선상에서 수행하는 것입니다. ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하려면, 다음을 참조하세요. [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-원도우 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 파이선을 이용하여 그라스 함수를 사용하려면 몇몇의 환경변수를 설정하여야 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
몇몇 힌트:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 위에서 언급한  &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; 파일이 있어야 합니다. 최초 한번 그라스를 수행하시거나 아래 내용을 참조하십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션 해설어(python.exe) 가 패스에 나와야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션은 확장자 .py로 표기되어야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 당신이 확장자를 생략할 수 있어려며, PATHEXT가 .py를 포함하여야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH 가 다음으로 연결되어야 합니다, %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
열거 사항 2-4는 파이션 적재가가 다룰 수 있습니다. 항목 5는 처음 시작 때 수행되어야 합니다. (현재로, MS=Windows는 조금 사정이 다른 것 같습니다.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
대체법으로 직접 그라스를 실시간적으로 수행하려면, 당신은 스스로 .grassrc6파일을 생성하여도 무방합니다. 예, (&amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;를 고려하여 현재의 디렉토리를 업데이트하여도 됩니다. :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
%GISRC%가 합당한 연결점을 향하고 있으면, 파일 명칭은 무관합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우에서 그라스 6.x의 위치는 아래와 같습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우 7에서는, 전형적인 %APPDATA% 용 셋팅은 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 리눅스 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부 환경하에서 그라스 함수의 이용은 다음과 같이 환경변수를 지정하여야 합니다:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 파이션 환경하에서 외부명령문 실행 ===&lt;br /&gt;
파이션 환경하에서 외부명령어 실행에 대하여 배우려면, 다음을 참조하십시오:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
구 os.* 함수를 피하십시오. 섹션 17.1.3의 나열 항목은 Popen() 인텨페이스 사용과 유사하며, 윈도우즈 경우즍 더 강력합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Debugging ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure the script is executable:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development, a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] 다른 언어를 사용하는 개발자 용&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] 개발자 용for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18846</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18846"/>
		<updated>2013-06-04T08:44:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Running external commands from Python */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==파이선 분과회==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 분과회 단체들(Python Special Interest Groups)은 파이선의 개발, 개선, 상세 관리를 위해 상호 노력합니다. 각각의 분과회는 분과회의, 조정자, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트의 디렉토리를 가집니다. 분과회 회원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하는 경우 자동으로 획득됩니다. 어떤 분이라도 분과회에 가입할 수 있으며, 분과회의 메일링 목록을 이용하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. 아래 연걸사이트에서 현재 활동중인 분과회 회원들의 주소와 그들이 소유한 리소스에 접근할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다 강력하며 C 언어에 비하여 매우 쉽습니다. 파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함합니다. 아래에 그 예제가 있습니다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도 프로그램 없이 GUI를 구현할 수 있습니다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 외형, 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. 이에 더하여 이러한 과정은 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결됩니다. 스크립트 (&amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;)용 라이버리를 &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다. 평범한 사용 예로:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일이 $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py 에 있습니다. 더 자세한 이해를 원한다면 다음을 이용하십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''노트: C 강점을 이용하여야만 하는 코드을 작성하려면, 여러분은 다음 사이트[[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''를 통하여 GRASS C 라이버러리 함수를 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor파이선 구문 편집기 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.4.3+의 레이어관리 [[wxGUI]] 는 파이선 셀을 가지고 있어 wxGUI환경하에서 사용자가 직접 파이선 구문을 작성할 수 있게 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS 파이선 구문 라이버러리 사용 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
당신은 그라스 세션중에서 쉽게 파이선 구문을 수행할 수 있습니다. 구문들을 작성하려면, &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
* 파이선 내부에서 사용된 그라스 구문을 지원하기 위해서 grass.script를 제공하는 lib/python/의 라이버러리를 조사하십시오. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  참조 [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]를 통하여 노트와 예제를 익히십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
* 그라스의 디렉토리 scripts/에 최종 사용자에게 제공되는 다수의 예제 시리즈가 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
바람직한 파이선 코드 체계를 보려면, 다음 사이트{{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}를 보십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 외부에서 그라스 함수를 호출하는 파이선 구문의 작성 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
노트: 다음은 파이션 외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하는 고급 사용예입니다.  This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. 보통은 그라스 환경하에서 그라스 파이션을 구동합니다. 즉, wxGUI에 내재된 파이션 셀이나 명령어 선상에서 수행하는 것입니다. ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하려면, 다음을 참조하세요. [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-원도우 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 파이선을 이용하여 그라스 함수를 사용하려면 몇몇의 환경변수를 설정하여야 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
몇몇 힌트:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 위에서 언급한  &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; 파일이 있어야 합니다. 최초 한번 그라스를 수행하시거나 아래 내용을 참조하십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션 해설어(python.exe) 가 패스에 나와야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션은 확장자 .py로 표기되어야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 당신이 확장자를 생략할 수 있어려며, PATHEXT가 .py를 포함하여야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH 가 다음으로 연결되어야 합니다, %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
열거 사항 2-4는 파이션 적재가가 다룰 수 있습니다. 항목 5는 처음 시작 때 수행되어야 합니다. (현재로, MS=Windows는 조금 사정이 다른 것 같습니다.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
대체법으로 직접 그라스를 실시간적으로 수행하려면, 당신은 스스로 .grassrc6파일을 생성하여도 무방합니다. 예, (&amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;를 고려하여 현재의 디렉토리를 업데이트하여도 됩니다. :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
%GISRC%가 합당한 연결점을 향하고 있으면, 파일 명칭은 무관합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우에서 그라스 6.x의 위치는 아래와 같습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우 7에서는, 전형적인 %APPDATA% 용 셋팅은 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 리눅스 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부 환경하에서 그라스 함수의 이용은 다음과 같이 환경변수를 지정하여야 합니다:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 파이션 환경하에서 외부명령러 실행 ===&lt;br /&gt;
파이션 환경하에서 외부명령어 실행에 대하여 배우려면, 다음을 참조하십시오:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
구 os.* 함수를 피하십시오. 섹션 17.1.3의 나열 항목은 Popen() 인텨페이스 사용과 유사하며, 윈도우즈 경우즍 더 강력합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Debugging ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure the script is executable:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development, a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] 다른 언어를 사용하는 개발자 용&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] 개발자 용for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18845</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18845"/>
		<updated>2013-06-04T08:30:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Linux */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==파이선 분과회==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 분과회 단체들(Python Special Interest Groups)은 파이선의 개발, 개선, 상세 관리를 위해 상호 노력합니다. 각각의 분과회는 분과회의, 조정자, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트의 디렉토리를 가집니다. 분과회 회원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하는 경우 자동으로 획득됩니다. 어떤 분이라도 분과회에 가입할 수 있으며, 분과회의 메일링 목록을 이용하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. 아래 연걸사이트에서 현재 활동중인 분과회 회원들의 주소와 그들이 소유한 리소스에 접근할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다 강력하며 C 언어에 비하여 매우 쉽습니다. 파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함합니다. 아래에 그 예제가 있습니다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도 프로그램 없이 GUI를 구현할 수 있습니다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 외형, 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. 이에 더하여 이러한 과정은 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결됩니다. 스크립트 (&amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;)용 라이버리를 &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다. 평범한 사용 예로:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일이 $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py 에 있습니다. 더 자세한 이해를 원한다면 다음을 이용하십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''노트: C 강점을 이용하여야만 하는 코드을 작성하려면, 여러분은 다음 사이트[[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''를 통하여 GRASS C 라이버러리 함수를 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor파이선 구문 편집기 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.4.3+의 레이어관리 [[wxGUI]] 는 파이선 셀을 가지고 있어 wxGUI환경하에서 사용자가 직접 파이선 구문을 작성할 수 있게 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS 파이선 구문 라이버러리 사용 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
당신은 그라스 세션중에서 쉽게 파이선 구문을 수행할 수 있습니다. 구문들을 작성하려면, &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
* 파이선 내부에서 사용된 그라스 구문을 지원하기 위해서 grass.script를 제공하는 lib/python/의 라이버러리를 조사하십시오. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  참조 [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]를 통하여 노트와 예제를 익히십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
* 그라스의 디렉토리 scripts/에 최종 사용자에게 제공되는 다수의 예제 시리즈가 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
바람직한 파이선 코드 체계를 보려면, 다음 사이트{{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}를 보십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 외부에서 그라스 함수를 호출하는 파이선 구문의 작성 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
노트: 다음은 파이션 외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하는 고급 사용예입니다.  This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. 보통은 그라스 환경하에서 그라스 파이션을 구동합니다. 즉, wxGUI에 내재된 파이션 셀이나 명령어 선상에서 수행하는 것입니다. ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하려면, 다음을 참조하세요. [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-원도우 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 파이선을 이용하여 그라스 함수를 사용하려면 몇몇의 환경변수를 설정하여야 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
몇몇 힌트:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 위에서 언급한  &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; 파일이 있어야 합니다. 최초 한번 그라스를 수행하시거나 아래 내용을 참조하십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션 해설어(python.exe) 가 패스에 나와야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션은 확장자 .py로 표기되어야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 당신이 확장자를 생략할 수 있어려며, PATHEXT가 .py를 포함하여야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH 가 다음으로 연결되어야 합니다, %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
열거 사항 2-4는 파이션 적재가가 다룰 수 있습니다. 항목 5는 처음 시작 때 수행되어야 합니다. (현재로, MS=Windows는 조금 사정이 다른 것 같습니다.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
대체법으로 직접 그라스를 실시간적으로 수행하려면, 당신은 스스로 .grassrc6파일을 생성하여도 무방합니다. 예, (&amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;를 고려하여 현재의 디렉토리를 업데이트하여도 됩니다. :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
%GISRC%가 합당한 연결점을 향하고 있으면, 파일 명칭은 무관합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우에서 그라스 6.x의 위치는 아래와 같습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우 7에서는, 전형적인 %APPDATA% 용 셋팅은 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 리눅스 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부 환경하에서 그라스 함수의 이용은 다음과 같이 환경변수를 지정하여야 합니다:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Running external commands from Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
For information on running external commands from Python, see:&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Avoid using the older os.* functions. Section 17.1.3 lists equivalents&lt;br /&gt;
using the Popen() interface, which is more robust (particularly on&lt;br /&gt;
Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Debugging ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure the script is executable:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development, a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] 다른 언어를 사용하는 개발자 용&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] 개발자 용for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18844</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18844"/>
		<updated>2013-06-04T08:29:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==파이선 분과회==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 분과회 단체들(Python Special Interest Groups)은 파이선의 개발, 개선, 상세 관리를 위해 상호 노력합니다. 각각의 분과회는 분과회의, 조정자, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트의 디렉토리를 가집니다. 분과회 회원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하는 경우 자동으로 획득됩니다. 어떤 분이라도 분과회에 가입할 수 있으며, 분과회의 메일링 목록을 이용하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. 아래 연걸사이트에서 현재 활동중인 분과회 회원들의 주소와 그들이 소유한 리소스에 접근할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다 강력하며 C 언어에 비하여 매우 쉽습니다. 파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함합니다. 아래에 그 예제가 있습니다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도 프로그램 없이 GUI를 구현할 수 있습니다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 외형, 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. 이에 더하여 이러한 과정은 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결됩니다. 스크립트 (&amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;)용 라이버리를 &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다. 평범한 사용 예로:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일이 $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py 에 있습니다. 더 자세한 이해를 원한다면 다음을 이용하십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''노트: C 강점을 이용하여야만 하는 코드을 작성하려면, 여러분은 다음 사이트[[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''를 통하여 GRASS C 라이버러리 함수를 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor파이선 구문 편집기 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.4.3+의 레이어관리 [[wxGUI]] 는 파이선 셀을 가지고 있어 wxGUI환경하에서 사용자가 직접 파이선 구문을 작성할 수 있게 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS 파이선 구문 라이버러리 사용 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
당신은 그라스 세션중에서 쉽게 파이선 구문을 수행할 수 있습니다. 구문들을 작성하려면, &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
* 파이선 내부에서 사용된 그라스 구문을 지원하기 위해서 grass.script를 제공하는 lib/python/의 라이버러리를 조사하십시오. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  참조 [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]를 통하여 노트와 예제를 익히십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
* 그라스의 디렉토리 scripts/에 최종 사용자에게 제공되는 다수의 예제 시리즈가 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
바람직한 파이선 코드 체계를 보려면, 다음 사이트{{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}를 보십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 외부에서 그라스 함수를 호출하는 파이선 구문의 작성 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
노트: 다음은 파이션 외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하는 고급 사용예입니다.  This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. 보통은 그라스 환경하에서 그라스 파이션을 구동합니다. 즉, wxGUI에 내재된 파이션 셀이나 명령어 선상에서 수행하는 것입니다. ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 그라스 함수를 사용하려면, 다음을 참조하세요. [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-원도우 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 파이선을 이용하여 그라스 함수를 사용하려면 몇몇의 환경변수를 설정하여야 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
몇몇 힌트:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# 위에서 언급한  &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; 파일이 있어야 합니다. 최초 한번 그라스를 수행하시거나 아래 내용을 참조하십시오. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션 해설어(python.exe) 가 패스에 나와야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 파이션은 확장자 .py로 표기되어야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# 당신이 확장자를 생략할 수 있어려며, PATHEXT가 .py를 포함하여야 합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH 가 다음으로 연결되어야 합니다, %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
열거 사항 2-4는 파이션 적재가가 다룰 수 있습니다. 항목 5는 처음 시작 때 수행되어야 합니다. (현재로, MS=Windows는 조금 사정이 다른 것 같습니다.) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
대체법으로 직접 그라스를 실시간적으로 수행하려면, 당신은 스스로 .grassrc6파일을 생성하여도 무방합니다. 예, (&amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;를 고려하여 현재의 디렉토리를 업데이트하여도 됩니다. :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
%GISRC%가 합당한 연결점을 향하고 있으면, 파일 명칭은 무관합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우에서 그라스 6.x의 위치는 아래와 같습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
윈도우 7에서는, 전형적인 %APPDATA% 용 셋팅은 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Linux ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Running external commands from Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
For information on running external commands from Python, see:&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Avoid using the older os.* functions. Section 17.1.3 lists equivalents&lt;br /&gt;
using the Popen() interface, which is more robust (particularly on&lt;br /&gt;
Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Debugging ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure the script is executable:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development, a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] 다른 언어를 사용하는 개발자 용&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] 개발자 용for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18843</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18843"/>
		<updated>2013-06-04T07:51:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 파이선 분과회 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==파이선 분과회==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 분과회 단체들(Python Special Interest Groups)은 파이선의 개발, 개선, 상세 관리를 위해 상호 노력합니다. 각각의 분과회는 분과회의, 조정자, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트의 디렉토리를 가집니다. 분과회 회원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하는 경우 자동으로 획득됩니다. 어떤 분이라도 분과회에 가입할 수 있으며, 분과회의 메일링 목록을 이용하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. 아래 연걸사이트에서 현재 활동중인 분과회 회원들의 주소와 그들이 소유한 리소스에 접근할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다 강력하며 또한 C에 비하여 매우 쉽습니다. 파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함합니다. 아래에 그 예제가 있습니다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도 프로그램이 없어도 GUI를 구현할 수 있습니다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 스케레톤???외형???, 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. 이에 더하여 이것은??? 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결됩니다. 스크립트 (&amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;)용 라이버리를 &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다. 전형적인 사용예로:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일이 $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py 에 있습니다. 더 상세한 이해를 도모하려면 다음을 이용하십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''노트: C 강점을 이용하여야만 하는 코드을 작성하려면, 여러분은 다음 사이트를 통하여 GRASS C 라이버러리 함수를 사용할 수 있습니다. For code which needs access to the power of C, you can access the GRASS C library functions via [[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor파이선 구문 편집기 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.4.3+의 레이어관리 [[wxGUI]] 는 파이선 셀을 가지고 있어 wxGUI환경하에서 사용자가 직접 파이선 구문을 작성할 수 있게 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using the GRASS Python Scripting Library GRASS 파이선 구문 라이버러리 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
당신은 그라스 세션중에서 쉽게 파이선 구문을 수행할 수 있습니다. You can run Python scripts easily in a GRASS session.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
구문들을 작성하려면, To write these scripts, &lt;br /&gt;
* 파이선 내부에서 사용된 그라스 구문을 지원하기 위해서 grass.script를 제공하는 lib/python/의 라이버러리를 조사하십시오. which provides grass.script in order to support GRASS scripts written in Python.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  참조 [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]를 통하여 노트와 예제를 익히십시오.  for notes and examples.&lt;br /&gt;
* 그라스의 디렉토리 scripts/에 최종 사용자에게 제공되는 다수의 예제 시리즈가 있습니다. directory of GRASS contains a series of examples actually provided to the end users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
바람직한 파이선 코드 체계를 보려면, 다음 사이트를 보십시오.For the desired Python code style, have a look at {{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 외부에서 그라스 함수를 호출하는 파이선 구문의 작성 Creating Python scripts that call GRASS functionality from outside ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. Commonly, a user will run GRASS Python script from inside a GRASS session, i.e. either from the command line or from the Python shell embedded in the wxGUI ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For calling GRASS functionality from outside, see also [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-원도우 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 파이선을 이용하여 그라스 함수를 사용하려면 몇몇의 환경변수를 설정하여야 합니다. In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some hints약간의 힌트:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# The &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; file listed above must exist. Run GRASS one time interactively to create it or see below for how to writing it&lt;br /&gt;
# The Python interpreter (python.exe) needs to be in the PATH&lt;br /&gt;
# Python needs to be associated with the .py extension&lt;br /&gt;
# PATHEXT needs to include .py if you want to be able to omit the extension&lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH needs to be set to %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Points 2-4 should be taken care of by the Python installer. 5 needs to be done by the startup (currently, this doesn't appear to be the case on MS-Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively to run GRASS interactively, you can also create the &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; file yourself, e.g. (update to existing directory for &amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It doesn't matter what the file is called, so long as %GISRC% points to it and it contains the necessary settings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The normal location for GRASS 6.x on Windows is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On Windows 7, a typical setting for %APPDATA% is&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Linux ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Running external commands from Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
For information on running external commands from Python, see:&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Avoid using the older os.* functions. Section 17.1.3 lists equivalents&lt;br /&gt;
using the Popen() interface, which is more robust (particularly on&lt;br /&gt;
Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Debugging ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure the script is executable:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development, a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] 다른 언어를 사용하는 개발자 용&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] 개발자 용for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18838</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18838"/>
		<updated>2013-06-03T13:59:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 참고문헌 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정도 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* New Spearfish examples: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Old tutorial: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 학습을 위한 번역 포털 http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18733</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18733"/>
		<updated>2013-05-27T09:51:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 참고문헌 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정도 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* New Spearfish examples: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Old tutorial: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php 안내서와 개별 교습]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 교습: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* Translation Portal for GRASS 6 교습을 위한 번역 포털???Tutorial http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18732</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18732"/>
		<updated>2013-05-27T09:49:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로의 이동 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로 이전==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass 6 개별 교습 시작하기]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_도움말#다른 지리정도 소프트로 이전|이전 조언]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* New Spearfish examples: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Old tutorial: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php books and tutorials]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 Tutorial: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* Translation Portal for GRASS 6 Tutorial http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Tutorial]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Documents/ko&amp;diff=18729</id>
		<title>GRASS Documents/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Documents/ko&amp;diff=18729"/>
		<updated>2013-05-26T21:52:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Help with tasks */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 사용법 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Faq|FAQ]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS Manual pages] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS Tutorials] =====&lt;br /&gt;
* 용이한 구문 작성Writing convenient scripts, 다른 시스템과의 연결interfacing to other systems:&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and ABM]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and C++]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and GMT]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Java]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Octave]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Paraview]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and PHP]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Python]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and SAGA]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Sextante]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Shell]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and VTK]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/docs/tutorial_62_en/index.html GRASS 6.2.3 tutorial] by Ciolli, Tattoni, Vitti, Zottele, and Zatelli.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[QGIS GRASS Cookbook]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wiki Tutorials]]: a nice collection&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Common Tasks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/ GRASS GIS Book] with educational data set download&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Training media =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials| Courses, training videos, presentations, etc.]] contributed by the community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 과제별 도움말 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[자료 양식]]에 대한&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[모듈 명령어 문장 해석module command line parser]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[RST Spline Surfaces]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[3D에 대한 도움말]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[영상 처리|영상과 위성]] 자료&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[LIDAR|LIDAR 와 수중 스와쓰???swath bathymetry]] 자료&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[시계열]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[색상표]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[영화|영화와 동영상]] 만들기&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[벡터 망 분석]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 도움말, [[GPS]] 응용에 대한&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[주사 지도에서의 벡터 contours 인식Trace vector contours from a scanned map]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digitizing Area Features영역 숫자화???]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 추가사항 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation project]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(huge amount of information for many versions of GRASS spanning the last 15 years; relevant content needs to be moved into this Wiki [''please help!''])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] contributed by the community&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(교습, 교재, 훈련용 영상물, 기타.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 라스터???raster semantics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vector Database Management벡터 데이터베이스 관리]] 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [[Vectordata#GRASS_6_Vector_Architecture | vectordata]] (지세???에 과한)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with modules도움말 모듈  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.sun]] - 태양복사모델&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ps.map]] - 지도작성 출력 빌더Cartographic plot builder&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.stream.*]] - r.stream tutorial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 일반 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[GRASS Citation Repository]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Tips and Tricks]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Cartography]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== GRASS GIS의 [[SQL]] 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== GRASS GIS의 [[공간 SQL]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====[[GRASS + SAGA]] SAGA GIS와 GRASS GIS 통합=====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 설치 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[설치 안내]] 이진 파일용&lt;br /&gt;
* [[컴파일과 설치]] from SVN 소스 코드 보관장소로부터 (최신일수록 좋음...)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GDAL/OGR 플러그을 고려한 GRASS 와 QGIS 컴파일과 설치 ]] (예, QGIS롤 GRASS 자료 직접 읽기)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 추가물]] (사용자 기여분)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 개발 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* 프로그래밍: [[Development]]의 문서 목록 보기.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 번역어집]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 모듈 이송 목록Module Porting List]] (check here if you don't find a certain command in GRASS 6에서 못 본 명령어라면 여기를 참조하십시오.)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development#Linking GRASS to 타 언어external languages|Linking GRASS 타언어로의 GRASS 연결 to external languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 지구물리 통계 목록 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[R과 GRASS 6의 크리깅 방법을 이용한 내삽점의 결정법에 대하여]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습서]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Documents/ko&amp;diff=18728</id>
		<title>GRASS Documents/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Documents/ko&amp;diff=18728"/>
		<updated>2013-05-26T21:35:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 지구물리 통계 목록??? */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 사용법 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Faq|FAQ]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS Manual pages] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS Tutorials] =====&lt;br /&gt;
* 용이한 구문 작성Writing convenient scripts, 다른 시스템과의 연결interfacing to other systems:&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and ABM]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and C++]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and GMT]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Java]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Octave]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Paraview]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and PHP]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Python]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and SAGA]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Sextante]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Shell]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and VTK]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/docs/tutorial_62_en/index.html GRASS 6.2.3 tutorial] by Ciolli, Tattoni, Vitti, Zottele, and Zatelli.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[QGIS GRASS Cookbook]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wiki Tutorials]]: a nice collection&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Common Tasks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/ GRASS GIS Book] with educational data set download&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Training media =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials| Courses, training videos, presentations, etc.]] contributed by the community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with tasks ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[data formats]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with the [[module command line parser]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[RST Spline Surfaces]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help with 3D]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Image_processing|Imagery and satellite]] data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[LIDAR|LIDAR and swath bathymetry]] data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Time series]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Color tables]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with creating [[Movies|Movies and animations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[vector network analysis]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[GPS]] applications&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Trace vector contours from a scanned map]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digitizing Area Features]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 추가사항 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation project]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(huge amount of information for many versions of GRASS spanning the last 15 years; relevant content needs to be moved into this Wiki [''please help!''])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] contributed by the community&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS raster semantics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vector Database Management]] 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [[Vectordata#GRASS_6_Vector_Architecture | vectordata]] (topological)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with modules도움말 모듈  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.sun]] - 태양복사모델&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ps.map]] - 지도작성 출력 빌더Cartographic plot builder&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.stream.*]] - r.stream tutorial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 일반 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[GRASS Citation Repository]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Tips and Tricks]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Cartography]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== GRASS GIS의 [[SQL]] 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== GRASS GIS의 [[공간 SQL]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====[[GRASS + SAGA]] SAGA GIS와 GRASS GIS 통합=====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 설치 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[설치 안내]] 이진 파일용&lt;br /&gt;
* [[컴파일과 설치]] from SVN 소스 코드 보관장소로부터 (최신일수록 좋음...)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GDAL/OGR 플러그을 고려한 GRASS 와 QGIS 컴파일과 설치 ]] (예, QGIS롤 GRASS 자료 직접 읽기)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 추가물]] (사용자 기여분)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 개발 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* 프로그래밍: [[Development]]의 문서 목록 보기.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 번역어집]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 모듈 이송 목록Module Porting List]] (check here if you don't find a certain command in GRASS 6에서 못 본 명령어라면 여기를 참조하십시오.)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development#Linking GRASS to 타 언어external languages|Linking GRASS 타언어로의 GRASS 연결 to external languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 지구물리 통계 목록 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[R과 GRASS 6의 크리깅 방법을 이용한 내삽점의 결정법에 대하여]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[범주: 교습서]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Documents/ko&amp;diff=18725</id>
		<title>GRASS Documents/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Documents/ko&amp;diff=18725"/>
		<updated>2013-05-26T12:24:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: Created page with &amp;quot;== 사용법 == ===== FAQ ===== ===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS Manual pages] =====  ===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS Tutorial...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 사용법 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Faq|FAQ]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS Manual pages] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS Tutorials] =====&lt;br /&gt;
* 용이한 구문 작성Writing convenient scripts, 다른 시스템과의 연결interfacing to other systems:&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and ABM]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and C++]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and GMT]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Java]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Octave]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Paraview]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and PHP]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Python]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and SAGA]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Sextante]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Shell]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and VTK]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/docs/tutorial_62_en/index.html GRASS 6.2.3 tutorial] by Ciolli, Tattoni, Vitti, Zottele, and Zatelli.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[QGIS GRASS Cookbook]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wiki Tutorials]]: a nice collection&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Common Tasks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/ GRASS GIS Book] with educational data set download&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Training media =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials| Courses, training videos, presentations, etc.]] contributed by the community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with tasks ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[data formats]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with the [[module command line parser]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[RST Spline Surfaces]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help with 3D]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Image_processing|Imagery and satellite]] data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[LIDAR|LIDAR and swath bathymetry]] data&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Time series]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Color tables]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with creating [[Movies|Movies and animations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[vector network analysis]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[GPS]] applications&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Trace vector contours from a scanned map]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digitizing Area Features]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 추가사항 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation project]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(huge amount of information for many versions of GRASS spanning the last 15 years; relevant content needs to be moved into this Wiki [''please help!''])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] contributed by the community&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS raster semantics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vector Database Management]] 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [[Vectordata#GRASS_6_Vector_Architecture | vectordata]] (topological)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with modules도움말 모듈  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.sun]] - 태양복사모델&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ps.map]] - 지도작성 출력 빌더Cartographic plot builder&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.stream.*]] - r.stream tutorial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 일반 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[GRASS Citation Repository]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Tips and Tricks]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Cartography]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== GRASS GIS의 [[SQL]] 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== GRASS GIS의 [[공간 SQL]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====[[GRASS + SAGA]] SAGA GIS와 GRASS GIS 통합=====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 설치 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[설치 안내]] 이진 파일용&lt;br /&gt;
* [[컴파일과 설치]] from SVN 소스 코드 보관장소로부터 (최신일수록 좋음...)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GDAL/OGR 플러그을 고려한 GRASS 와 QGIS 컴파일과 설치 ]] (예, QGIS롤 GRASS 자료 직접 읽기)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 추가물]] (사용자 기여분)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 개발 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* 프로그래밍: [[Development]]의 문서 목록 보기.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 번역어집]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 모듈 이송 목록Module Porting List]] (check here if you don't find a certain command in GRASS 6에서 못 본 명령어라면 여기를 참조하십시오.)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development#Linking GRASS to 타 언어external languages|Linking GRASS 타언어로의 GRASS 연결 to external languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 지구물리 통계 목록??? ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[어떻게 R과 GRASS 6의 크리깅 방법을 이용한 내삽점의 결정 How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 서류Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 교습Tutorial]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18724</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18724"/>
		<updated>2013-05-26T12:00:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Raster 라스터 자료 관리 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로의 이동==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help#Migration_from_other_GIS_Software|Migration tips]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. &lt;br /&gt;
: GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습소와 안내서를 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* New Spearfish examples: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Old tutorial: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php books and tutorials]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 Tutorial: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* Translation Portal for GRASS 6 Tutorial http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Tutorial]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18722</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18722"/>
		<updated>2013-05-25T14:07:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 시작 - 새로운 GRASS 판으로의 이동how to migrate to the new GRASS version */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 버전으로의 이동==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help#Migration_from_other_GIS_Software|Migration tips]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Raster 라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. The raster management works as it did in previous GRASS versions.&lt;br /&gt;
: Tutorials and books written for GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습과 서적은 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. should for the most part still work.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함. from the main help manual.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* New Spearfish examples: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Old tutorial: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php books and tutorials]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 Tutorial: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* Translation Portal for GRASS 6 Tutorial http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Tutorial]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18721</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18721"/>
		<updated>2013-05-25T14:06:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 서언 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 달성하였습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였습니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 판으로의 이동how to migrate to the new GRASS version==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help#Migration_from_other_GIS_Software|Migration tips]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한. from other GIS softwares&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Raster 라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. The raster management works as it did in previous GRASS versions.&lt;br /&gt;
: Tutorials and books written for GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습과 서적은 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. should for the most part still work.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함. from the main help manual.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* New Spearfish examples: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Old tutorial: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php books and tutorials]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 Tutorial: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* Translation Portal for GRASS 6 Tutorial http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Tutorial]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18710</id>
		<title>GRASS 6 Tutorial/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_6_Tutorial/ko&amp;diff=18710"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T20:35:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* GRASS and R을 이용한 내삽법의 가벼운 사용법 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Free Software/Open Source GIS GRASS 6 is fully operational and stable version for production use.  This tutorial tries to&lt;br /&gt;
give you a hand to familiarize yourself with the improved functionality, especially in the vector engine and attribute management.&lt;br /&gt;
For further reading, see the references below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Disclaimer:''' In case the examples described here do not work properly, you are kindly invited to send us further examples and/or code bugfixes/enhancements. Enjoy the WIKI!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tutorial is intended for GRASS users who want to migrate from a previous release to the new GRASS Version. If you are a beginner, please also consider additional [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/tutorials.php books or tutorials].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''NOTE: This tutorial here still awaits the merge of the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ previous GRASS 5.7 tutorial].'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 서언 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
새로운 GRASS 개발은 벡터 구조분야에서 많은 진전을 보았습니다. 가장 의미 있는 변화로 표준 데이터베이스 (DBMS) 시스템의 벡터 속성을 관리할 수 있는 새로운 2차- 3차 벡터 라이버러리를 도입한 것입니다. 이 시스템은 전통적인 GRASS topology가 가지는 유연성을 유지하면서 관계 데이터베이스 객체의 속성을 관리할 수 있게 합니다.  GRASS는 이제 GRASS 라이버러리[http://grass.itc.it/grass60/index.php numerous enhancements]에 있는 사실상 거의 모든 성능향상 부분을 포함할 뿐만 아니라 [http://grass.itc.it/gdp/nviz/index.html NVIZ]시각화에 있는 3차원 입면체를 도입하였다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==일반 시작 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help| Introductory Material]] GRASS에 대한.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.linux.org/lessons/ Introductory Material] Linux 용&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==시작 - 새로운 GRASS 판으로의 이동how to migrate to the new GRASS version==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Help#Migration_from_other_GIS_Software|Migration tips]] 다른 GIS 소프트에서 유래한. from other GIS softwares&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Raster 라스터 자료 관리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 라스터 자료 관리 부분은 과거 버전의 것과 동일합니다. The raster management works as it did in previous GRASS versions.&lt;br /&gt;
: Tutorials and books written for GRASS 4 and 5 용의 교습과 서적은 여전히 사용할 수 있습니다. should for the most part still work.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/rasterintro.html Raster data processing introduction] 주 도움말 메뉴얼에서 유래함. from the main help manual.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==벡터 자료 관리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_6_Tutorial/Vector_data_management Working with vector data in GRASS]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==사용법==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''There await porting from the GRASS 5.7 tutorial''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===기본적인 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_basic.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===복잡한 사용예===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/ex_complex.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터망 분석예===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* New Spearfish examples: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.html v.net], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.iso.html v.net.iso], [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/v.net.path.html v.net.path] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
* Old tutorial: http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/network.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===벡터 중첩/오려내기===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/vectoroverlay.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===미국 지도첩을 사용한 예제들===&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/usa_demo.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===최빈질문 (최근 빈번하게 문의되는 질문들)===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|GRASS Wiki FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Grass Six Tutorial Faq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==문제해결==&lt;br /&gt;
http://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/tutorial/troubleshooting.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Grass Six Tutorial Troubleshooting&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==볼만한 연결위치==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS-GMT Examples: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==추가적인 읽을 거리==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===GRASS 와 R 크리깅 내삽===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====GRASS와 R을 이용한 내삽법의 편리한 사용법====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[R과 GRASS 6를 사용한 지점 값 내삽법에 관하여 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 참고문헌 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php books and tutorials]&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 6 Tutorial: http://www.gdf-hannover.de/literature&lt;br /&gt;
* Translation Portal for GRASS 6 Tutorial http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Tutorial]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Help/ko&amp;diff=18709</id>
		<title>GRASS Help/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Help/ko&amp;diff=18709"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T14:58:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 외부 소프트웨어 접속 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 시작하기??? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''대부분의 교습과 예제는 다음에 주어진 자료들을 이용한다. [[#Sample Datasets | Spearfish County, SD]] sample dataset.'' 새로운 예제들은 많은 자료를 가진 [http://www.grassbook.org/data_menu3rd.php OSGeo Educational Dataset] 에 기초한다. (North Carolina, USA)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 설치 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]]에서 다룸.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 최빈 질문 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 당신은 GRASS 사용자들과 다음 사이트[[How to participate in IRC communication|IRC]]에서 만날 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [[How the Open Source software development model works]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 처음 만나는 문서들 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Terminology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gis Concepts|Basic GIS concepts]] 와 GRASS에서 전개되는 방법론들. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.bologna.enea.it/tutorial/ Five minute program launch tutorial] Lorenzo Moretti가 작성함.&lt;br /&gt;
: 처음 몇장의 슬라이드는 Mac OSX 용이며, 나머지는 일반사항을 다루었다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/helptext.html GRASS Quickstart] 도움말 쪽&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Importing data]]: GRASS에 자료를 읽어 들이는 방법.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html GRASS help pages] 기초적인 소개부분을 포함함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 간단한 교습 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Quick_wx_tutorial|A quick introduction to the 6.4 wxGUI and raster maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 다음에 포함된 교재 [http://geostat-course.org/Topic_NetelerMetz_2011 Introduction to GRASS GIS], Geostat 2011, Landau, Germany, 저자 M. Neteler and M. Metz&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToTestGrass6 How-To Test GRASS6] - easy to replicate steps with GRASS 6.3+ and QGIS를 이용한 전복사 방법.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]] (작업중; 자원자를 찾고 있슴)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/osg05/ GRASS 6 in a nutshell] 저자 M. Neteler (2005, short tutorial, 또한 스페인어와 불어로 번역됨)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/lit_html/grass60_v1.2_en/index.html An introduction to the practical use of the Free Geographical Information System GRASS 6.0] 저자 GDF Hannover - [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/media.php?id=0&amp;amp;lg=en More tutorials] GDF Hannover에서&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 교재 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach. 3rd ed. 2008] 저자 M. Neteler and H. Mitasova (Springer book; focus is on GRASS 6.3)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개개의 모듈 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Synopsis of GRASS modules 정리와 메뉴위치 ({{website|gdp/grassmanuals/grass64_module_list.pdf|PDF, 100k}}) ({{website|gdp/grassmanuals/grass64_module_list.html|HTML version}})&lt;br /&gt;
: ''Create current list with'' &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;make html2pdfdoc&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;cd tools; ./module_synopsis.sh&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; ''in GRASS 6.3+''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 개별적인 GRASS 모듈 [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html  reference manuals]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 모든 GRASS module 참고 메뉴얼 (PDF 서적)&lt;br /&gt;
: ''Create current set with'' &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;make html2pdfdoccomplete&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; ''in GRASS 6.3+''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 예제 자료 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/data_menu3rd.php North Carolina, USA (OSGeo Edu dataset)] - rich data set prepared in 2007/2008,에 많은 자료가 준비됨.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data6.php Spearfish County, SD, USA] (not so far from Mount Rushmore에 가까움) with [http://mpa.itc.it/markus/osg05/ extra data]&lt;br /&gt;
** Mount Rushmore: [43&amp;amp;deg;53' N,  103&amp;amp;deg;28' W]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구 자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data.php More sample data]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 추가적인 읽을 거리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Documents|Full GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] 협의회 제공 contributed by the community.&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* More GRASS documentation and tutorials from the old [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation Project].&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;[''content is slowly being merged into this Wiki'']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS and its siblings%3B a guide for the novice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 다른 GIS소프트웨어로부터 전환 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_migration_hints|GRASS migration hints]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GIS to GRASS command translation|GIS Software to GRASS command translation table and discussion]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips for Arc users]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 외부 소프트웨어 접속 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips_and_Tricks#Using_QGIS_as_a_frontend_to_GRASS| QGIS]] 전면&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_Rstat|R statistics]] 접속&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_GMT|GMT mapping]] 지도작성&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_MapServer| MapServer]] 웹서버&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* External databases ({{cmd|db.connect}})&lt;br /&gt;
* External raster data ({{cmd|r.external}})&lt;br /&gt;
* External vector data ({{cmd|v.external}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS and Paraview|Paraview]] 3D visualization ({{cmd|r.out.vtk}}, {{cmd|r3.out.vtk}}, {{cmd|v.out.vtk}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[POV-Ray|POVray]] 3D visualization ({{cmd|r.out.pov}}, {{cmd|v.out.pov}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[OpenSceneGraph]] 3차원 시각화&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS vector export to Inkscape]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Misc. Help ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:FAQ|GRASS FAQ]] (see also: [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips and Tricks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--------&lt;br /&gt;
* Wiki [[Help]] (등록후 쪽 편집법 how to edit pages after registration)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Help/ko&amp;diff=18708</id>
		<title>GRASS Help/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Help/ko&amp;diff=18708"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T14:58:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Interfacing with external software 다른 외부 소프트웨어와의 접속 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 시작하기??? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''대부분의 교습과 예제는 다음에 주어진 자료들을 이용한다. [[#Sample Datasets | Spearfish County, SD]] sample dataset.'' 새로운 예제들은 많은 자료를 가진 [http://www.grassbook.org/data_menu3rd.php OSGeo Educational Dataset] 에 기초한다. (North Carolina, USA)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 설치 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]]에서 다룸.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 최빈 질문 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 당신은 GRASS 사용자들과 다음 사이트[[How to participate in IRC communication|IRC]]에서 만날 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [[How the Open Source software development model works]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 처음 만나는 문서들 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Terminology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gis Concepts|Basic GIS concepts]] 와 GRASS에서 전개되는 방법론들. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.bologna.enea.it/tutorial/ Five minute program launch tutorial] Lorenzo Moretti가 작성함.&lt;br /&gt;
: 처음 몇장의 슬라이드는 Mac OSX 용이며, 나머지는 일반사항을 다루었다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/helptext.html GRASS Quickstart] 도움말 쪽&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Importing data]]: GRASS에 자료를 읽어 들이는 방법.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html GRASS help pages] 기초적인 소개부분을 포함함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 간단한 교습 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Quick_wx_tutorial|A quick introduction to the 6.4 wxGUI and raster maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 다음에 포함된 교재 [http://geostat-course.org/Topic_NetelerMetz_2011 Introduction to GRASS GIS], Geostat 2011, Landau, Germany, 저자 M. Neteler and M. Metz&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToTestGrass6 How-To Test GRASS6] - easy to replicate steps with GRASS 6.3+ and QGIS를 이용한 전복사 방법.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]] (작업중; 자원자를 찾고 있슴)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/osg05/ GRASS 6 in a nutshell] 저자 M. Neteler (2005, short tutorial, 또한 스페인어와 불어로 번역됨)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/lit_html/grass60_v1.2_en/index.html An introduction to the practical use of the Free Geographical Information System GRASS 6.0] 저자 GDF Hannover - [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/media.php?id=0&amp;amp;lg=en More tutorials] GDF Hannover에서&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 교재 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach. 3rd ed. 2008] 저자 M. Neteler and H. Mitasova (Springer book; focus is on GRASS 6.3)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개개의 모듈 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Synopsis of GRASS modules 정리와 메뉴위치 ({{website|gdp/grassmanuals/grass64_module_list.pdf|PDF, 100k}}) ({{website|gdp/grassmanuals/grass64_module_list.html|HTML version}})&lt;br /&gt;
: ''Create current list with'' &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;make html2pdfdoc&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;cd tools; ./module_synopsis.sh&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; ''in GRASS 6.3+''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 개별적인 GRASS 모듈 [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html  reference manuals]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 모든 GRASS module 참고 메뉴얼 (PDF 서적)&lt;br /&gt;
: ''Create current set with'' &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;make html2pdfdoccomplete&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; ''in GRASS 6.3+''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 예제 자료 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/data_menu3rd.php North Carolina, USA (OSGeo Edu dataset)] - rich data set prepared in 2007/2008,에 많은 자료가 준비됨.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data6.php Spearfish County, SD, USA] (not so far from Mount Rushmore에 가까움) with [http://mpa.itc.it/markus/osg05/ extra data]&lt;br /&gt;
** Mount Rushmore: [43&amp;amp;deg;53' N,  103&amp;amp;deg;28' W]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구 자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data.php More sample data]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 추가적인 읽을 거리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Documents|Full GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] 협의회 제공 contributed by the community.&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* More GRASS documentation and tutorials from the old [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation Project].&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;[''content is slowly being merged into this Wiki'']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS and its siblings%3B a guide for the novice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 다른 GIS소프트웨어로부터 전환 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_migration_hints|GRASS migration hints]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GIS to GRASS command translation|GIS Software to GRASS command translation table and discussion]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips for Arc users]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 외부 소프트웨어 접속 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips_and_Tricks#Using_QGIS_as_a_frontend_to_GRASS| QGIS]] 전면&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_Rstat|R statistics]] 접속&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_GMT|GMT mapping]] ㅣ지도작성&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_MapServer| MapServer]] 웹서버&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* External databases ({{cmd|db.connect}})&lt;br /&gt;
* External raster data ({{cmd|r.external}})&lt;br /&gt;
* External vector data ({{cmd|v.external}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS and Paraview|Paraview]] 3D visualization ({{cmd|r.out.vtk}}, {{cmd|r3.out.vtk}}, {{cmd|v.out.vtk}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[POV-Ray|POVray]] 3D visualization ({{cmd|r.out.pov}}, {{cmd|v.out.pov}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[OpenSceneGraph]] 3D 시각화&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS vector export to Inkscape]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Misc. Help ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:FAQ|GRASS FAQ]] (see also: [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips and Tricks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--------&lt;br /&gt;
* Wiki [[Help]] (등록후 쪽 편집법 how to edit pages after registration)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Help/ko&amp;diff=18707</id>
		<title>GRASS Help/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Help/ko&amp;diff=18707"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T14:56:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Migration from other GIS Software다른 GIS소프트웨어에서의 복귀 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 시작하기??? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''대부분의 교습과 예제는 다음에 주어진 자료들을 이용한다. [[#Sample Datasets | Spearfish County, SD]] sample dataset.'' 새로운 예제들은 많은 자료를 가진 [http://www.grassbook.org/data_menu3rd.php OSGeo Educational Dataset] 에 기초한다. (North Carolina, USA)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 설치 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]]에서 다룸.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 최빈 질문 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 당신은 GRASS 사용자들과 다음 사이트[[How to participate in IRC communication|IRC]]에서 만날 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [[How the Open Source software development model works]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 처음 만나는 문서들 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Terminology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gis Concepts|Basic GIS concepts]] 와 GRASS에서 전개되는 방법론들. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.bologna.enea.it/tutorial/ Five minute program launch tutorial] Lorenzo Moretti가 작성함.&lt;br /&gt;
: 처음 몇장의 슬라이드는 Mac OSX 용이며, 나머지는 일반사항을 다루었다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/helptext.html GRASS Quickstart] 도움말 쪽&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Importing data]]: GRASS에 자료를 읽어 들이는 방법.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html GRASS help pages] 기초적인 소개부분을 포함함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 간단한 교습 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Quick_wx_tutorial|A quick introduction to the 6.4 wxGUI and raster maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 다음에 포함된 교재 [http://geostat-course.org/Topic_NetelerMetz_2011 Introduction to GRASS GIS], Geostat 2011, Landau, Germany, 저자 M. Neteler and M. Metz&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToTestGrass6 How-To Test GRASS6] - easy to replicate steps with GRASS 6.3+ and QGIS를 이용한 전복사 방법.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]] (작업중; 자원자를 찾고 있슴)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/osg05/ GRASS 6 in a nutshell] 저자 M. Neteler (2005, short tutorial, 또한 스페인어와 불어로 번역됨)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/lit_html/grass60_v1.2_en/index.html An introduction to the practical use of the Free Geographical Information System GRASS 6.0] 저자 GDF Hannover - [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/media.php?id=0&amp;amp;lg=en More tutorials] GDF Hannover에서&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 교재 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach. 3rd ed. 2008] 저자 M. Neteler and H. Mitasova (Springer book; focus is on GRASS 6.3)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개개의 모듈 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Synopsis of GRASS modules 정리와 메뉴위치 ({{website|gdp/grassmanuals/grass64_module_list.pdf|PDF, 100k}}) ({{website|gdp/grassmanuals/grass64_module_list.html|HTML version}})&lt;br /&gt;
: ''Create current list with'' &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;make html2pdfdoc&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;cd tools; ./module_synopsis.sh&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; ''in GRASS 6.3+''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 개별적인 GRASS 모듈 [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html  reference manuals]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 모든 GRASS module 참고 메뉴얼 (PDF 서적)&lt;br /&gt;
: ''Create current set with'' &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;make html2pdfdoccomplete&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; ''in GRASS 6.3+''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 예제 자료 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/data_menu3rd.php North Carolina, USA (OSGeo Edu dataset)] - rich data set prepared in 2007/2008,에 많은 자료가 준비됨.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data6.php Spearfish County, SD, USA] (not so far from Mount Rushmore에 가까움) with [http://mpa.itc.it/markus/osg05/ extra data]&lt;br /&gt;
** Mount Rushmore: [43&amp;amp;deg;53' N,  103&amp;amp;deg;28' W]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구 자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data.php More sample data]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 추가적인 읽을 거리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Documents|Full GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] 협의회 제공 contributed by the community.&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* More GRASS documentation and tutorials from the old [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation Project].&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;[''content is slowly being merged into this Wiki'']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS and its siblings%3B a guide for the novice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 다른 GIS소프트웨어로부터 전환 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_migration_hints|GRASS migration hints]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GIS to GRASS command translation|GIS Software to GRASS command translation table and discussion]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips for Arc users]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Interfacing with external software 다른 외부 소프트웨어와의 접속 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips_and_Tricks#Using_QGIS_as_a_frontend_to_GRASS| QGIS]] frontend&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_Rstat|R statistics]] interface&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_GMT|GMT mapping]] cartography&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_MapServer| MapServer]] web server&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* External databases ({{cmd|db.connect}})&lt;br /&gt;
* External raster data ({{cmd|r.external}})&lt;br /&gt;
* External vector data ({{cmd|v.external}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS and Paraview|Paraview]] 3D visualization ({{cmd|r.out.vtk}}, {{cmd|r3.out.vtk}}, {{cmd|v.out.vtk}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[POV-Ray|POVray]] 3D visualization ({{cmd|r.out.pov}}, {{cmd|v.out.pov}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[OpenSceneGraph]] 3D visualization&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS vector export to Inkscape]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Misc. Help ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:FAQ|GRASS FAQ]] (see also: [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips and Tricks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--------&lt;br /&gt;
* Wiki [[Help]] (등록후 쪽 편집법 how to edit pages after registration)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Help/ko&amp;diff=18706</id>
		<title>GRASS Help/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_Help/ko&amp;diff=18706"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T14:55:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 첮째 날의 문서들 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 시작하기??? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''대부분의 교습과 예제는 다음에 주어진 자료들을 이용한다. [[#Sample Datasets | Spearfish County, SD]] sample dataset.'' 새로운 예제들은 많은 자료를 가진 [http://www.grassbook.org/data_menu3rd.php OSGeo Educational Dataset] 에 기초한다. (North Carolina, USA)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 설치 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]]에서 다룸.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 최빈 질문 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Faq|FAQ]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 당신은 GRASS 사용자들과 다음 사이트[[How to participate in IRC communication|IRC]]에서 만날 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
* [[How the Open Source software development model works]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 처음 만나는 문서들 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Terminology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gis Concepts|Basic GIS concepts]] 와 GRASS에서 전개되는 방법론들. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.bologna.enea.it/tutorial/ Five minute program launch tutorial] Lorenzo Moretti가 작성함.&lt;br /&gt;
: 처음 몇장의 슬라이드는 Mac OSX 용이며, 나머지는 일반사항을 다루었다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/helptext.html GRASS Quickstart] 도움말 쪽&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Importing data]]: GRASS에 자료를 읽어 들이는 방법.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html GRASS help pages] 기초적인 소개부분을 포함함.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 간단한 교습 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Quick_wx_tutorial|A quick introduction to the 6.4 wxGUI and raster maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 다음에 포함된 교재 [http://geostat-course.org/Topic_NetelerMetz_2011 Introduction to GRASS GIS], Geostat 2011, Landau, Germany, 저자 M. Neteler and M. Metz&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToTestGrass6 How-To Test GRASS6] - easy to replicate steps with GRASS 6.3+ and QGIS를 이용한 전복사 방법.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]] (작업중; 자원자를 찾고 있슴)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/osg05/ GRASS 6 in a nutshell] 저자 M. Neteler (2005, short tutorial, 또한 스페인어와 불어로 번역됨)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/lit_html/grass60_v1.2_en/index.html An introduction to the practical use of the Free Geographical Information System GRASS 6.0] 저자 GDF Hannover - [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/media.php?id=0&amp;amp;lg=en More tutorials] GDF Hannover에서&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 교재 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach. 3rd ed. 2008] 저자 M. Neteler and H. Mitasova (Springer book; focus is on GRASS 6.3)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개개의 모듈 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Synopsis of GRASS modules 정리와 메뉴위치 ({{website|gdp/grassmanuals/grass64_module_list.pdf|PDF, 100k}}) ({{website|gdp/grassmanuals/grass64_module_list.html|HTML version}})&lt;br /&gt;
: ''Create current list with'' &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;make html2pdfdoc&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;cd tools; ./module_synopsis.sh&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; ''in GRASS 6.3+''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 개별적인 GRASS 모듈 [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html  reference manuals]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* 모든 GRASS module 참고 메뉴얼 (PDF 서적)&lt;br /&gt;
: ''Create current set with'' &amp;quot;&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;make html2pdfdoccomplete&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;&amp;quot; ''in GRASS 6.3+''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 예제 자료 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/data_menu3rd.php North Carolina, USA (OSGeo Edu dataset)] - rich data set prepared in 2007/2008,에 많은 자료가 준비됨.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data6.php Spearfish County, SD, USA] (not so far from Mount Rushmore에 가까움) with [http://mpa.itc.it/markus/osg05/ extra data]&lt;br /&gt;
** Mount Rushmore: [43&amp;amp;deg;53' N,  103&amp;amp;deg;28' W]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구 자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data.php More sample data]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 추가적인 읽을 거리 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Documents|Full GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] 협의회 제공 contributed by the community.&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* More GRASS documentation and tutorials from the old [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation Project].&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;[''content is slowly being merged into this Wiki'']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS and its siblings%3B a guide for the novice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Migration from other GIS Software다른 GIS소프트웨어에서의 복귀 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_migration_hints|GRASS migration hints]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GIS to GRASS command translation|GIS Software to GRASS command translation table and discussion]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips for Arc users]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Interfacing with external software 다른 외부 소프트웨어와의 접속 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips_and_Tricks#Using_QGIS_as_a_frontend_to_GRASS| QGIS]] frontend&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_Rstat|R statistics]] interface&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_GMT|GMT mapping]] cartography&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_and_MapServer| MapServer]] web server&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* External databases ({{cmd|db.connect}})&lt;br /&gt;
* External raster data ({{cmd|r.external}})&lt;br /&gt;
* External vector data ({{cmd|v.external}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS and Paraview|Paraview]] 3D visualization ({{cmd|r.out.vtk}}, {{cmd|r3.out.vtk}}, {{cmd|v.out.vtk}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[POV-Ray|POVray]] 3D visualization ({{cmd|r.out.pov}}, {{cmd|v.out.pov}})&lt;br /&gt;
* [[OpenSceneGraph]] 3D visualization&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS vector export to Inkscape]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Misc. Help ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:FAQ|GRASS FAQ]] (see also: [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]])&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tips and Tricks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--------&lt;br /&gt;
* Wiki [[Help]] (등록후 쪽 편집법 how to edit pages after registration)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Documentation]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Help/ko&amp;diff=18705</id>
		<title>Help/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Help/ko&amp;diff=18705"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T14:42:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: Created page with &amp;quot;== Wiki란 무었 ==  위키는 소프트 웨어로 등록자나 일반 누구든지 상호 협력하에 집단적으로 생성, 편집, 링크, 그리고 웹사이트내용...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Wiki란 무었 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
위키는 소프트 웨어로 등록자나 일반 누구든지 상호 협력하에 집단적으로 생성, 편집, 링크, 그리고 웹사이트내용을 도모하는 것이다. A wiki is software that allows registered users or anyone to collaboratively create, edit, link, and organize the content of a website, usually for reference material. 위키는 집단적인 상호협력적인 웹사이트 생성하고 협의 웹사이트를 강화하고자 함이다.Wikis are often used to create collaborative websites and to power community websites. 이러한 위키 웹사이트은 wikis로 알려져 있다. 예를 들면, These wiki websites are often also referred to as wikis; for example, [http://wikipedia.org Wikipedia] 은 가장 널리 알려진 is one of the best known wikis중의 하나이다. Wikis는 사업계에서 가능하고 영향력 있는 인트라네트와 지식관리 체계를 제공한다.  are used in businesses to provide affordable and effective intranets and for Knowledge Management. Ward Cunningham, 최초 위키 개발자developer of the first wiki, WikiWikiWeb, 이것을 원초적으로originally described it as &amp;quot;가장 단순한 온라인 데이터베이스로 정상적으로 작동할 수 있는the simplest online database that could possibly work&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt; From에서 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki Wikipedia], 무료 백과 사전the free encyclopedia&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We use우리는 [http://www.mediawiki.org MediaWiki]를  platform for the GRASS-Wiki의 플래폼으로 사용한다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Editing pages편집 쪽 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Editing_pages편집쪽&lt;br /&gt;
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing편집&lt;br /&gt;
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table표&lt;br /&gt;
* http://www.ascii.cl/htmlcodes.htm (특정 문자를 찾는다면if you search for a certain character)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 몇몇 예들 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* It's easy to create a list:&lt;br /&gt;
** Start every line with a star.&lt;br /&gt;
*** More stars means deeper levels.&lt;br /&gt;
**** A newline in a list marks the end of a list item.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* An empty line starts a new list.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Numbered lists are also good&lt;br /&gt;
## very organized&lt;br /&gt;
## easy to follow&lt;br /&gt;
### easier still&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Definition list : list of definitions&lt;br /&gt;
; item : the item's definition&lt;br /&gt;
; another item&lt;br /&gt;
: the other item's definition&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* It's easy to create a list:&lt;br /&gt;
** Start every line with a star.&lt;br /&gt;
*** More stars means deeper levels.&lt;br /&gt;
**** A newline in a list marks the end of a list item.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* An empty line starts a new list. 공란은 새로운 목록의 시작이다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Numbered lists are also good번호 부여 목록은 매우 유효하다.&lt;br /&gt;
## very organized잘 구조화 &lt;br /&gt;
## easy to follow쉽게 이해할 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
### easier still여전히 용이하다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Definition list정의 목록 : 목록 정의list of definitions&lt;br /&gt;
; item항목 : the item's definition항목의 정의 &lt;br /&gt;
; another item다른 항목&lt;br /&gt;
: the other item's definition다른 항목의 정의&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 입력 내용물Importing content ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
여기에 Here are some HTML에서 to MediaWiki syntax 변환converters:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* http://www.jtidy.de/&lt;br /&gt;
* http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/index.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 언어 정책Language policy ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Language policy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 견본들 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Templates|List of templates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 분류 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Special:Categories|List of categories]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Documents/ko&amp;diff=18704</id>
		<title>Documents/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Documents/ko&amp;diff=18704"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T14:00:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* GRASS Tutorials */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 사용법 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Faq|FAQ(최빈질문)]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS 메뉴쪽] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS 교습] =====&lt;br /&gt;
* 편리한 구문 작성, 다른 시스템으로의 전환:&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and ABM]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and C++]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and GMT]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Java]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Octave]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Paraview]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and PHP]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Python]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and SAGA]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Sextante]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Shell]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and VTK]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/docs/tutorial_62_en/index.html GRASS 6.2.3 tutorial] by Ciolli, Tattoni, Vitti, Zottele, and Zatelli.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[QGIS GRASS Cookbook]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wiki Tutorials]]: 우수한 수집&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Common Tasks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/ GRASS GIS Book] 교육용 자료 내려받기&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Training media훈련용 미디어 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials| Courses, training videos, presentations, etc.]] 협의회 기부contributed by the community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with tasks ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[data formats]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with the [[module command line parser]]에 관한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[RST Spline Surfaces]]에 과한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help with 3D]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Image_processing|Imagery and satellite]] data자료 연관 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[LIDAR|LIDAR and swath bathymetry]] data자료 연간 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Time series]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Color tables]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with creating [[Movies|Movies and animations]]작성관련 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[vector network analysis]] 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[GPS]] applications응용 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Trace vector contours from a scanned map]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digitizing Area Features]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Other별도 사항 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation project]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(지난 15년간의 GRASS를 위한 수많은 정보huge amount of information for many versions of GRASS spanning the last 15 years; 해당부분을 relevant content needs to be moved into this Wiki로 이전할 필요가 있다. [''도움 좀please help!''])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] contributed by the community&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(교습, 교재, 훈련용 비디오Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS raster semantics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vector Database Management]] Help도움&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [[Vectordata#GRASS_6_Vector_Architecture | vectordata]] (지형학적인topological)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 모듈관련 도움말Help with modules ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.sun]] - Solar irradiation model태양광 방사 모델&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ps.map]] - Cartographic plot builder지도 작성&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.stream.*]] - r.stream tutorial교습&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General일반 사항 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[GRASS Citation Repository]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Tips and Tricks]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Cartography]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[SQL]] support in GRASS GIS에서의 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Spatial SQL]] support in GRASS GIS에서의 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====[[GRASS + SAGA]] integration SAGA GIS and와 GRASS GIS의 결합 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Installation 적재==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] 이진팩키지용for binary packages&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] from SVN 소스코드적재소에 있는source code repository (the latest and greatest...최신의 그리고 거대한)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (e.g., to enable QGIS to read GRASS data directly예, QGIS로 바로 GRASS자료를 입력)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS AddOns]] (User contributions사용자 기여분)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Development 개선==&lt;br /&gt;
* Programming프로그래밍: see document list at [[Development]]의 문서 참조.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Translation Glossary]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Module Porting List]] (check here if you don't find a certain command in GRASS 6에서 찾지 못한 명령어가 있는 경우 이곳을 보세요.)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development#Linking GRASS to external languages|Linking GRASS to external languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Geostatistics지리통계 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Documents/ko&amp;diff=18703</id>
		<title>Documents/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Documents/ko&amp;diff=18703"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T13:58:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* FAQ */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 사용법 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Faq|FAQ(최빈질문)]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS 메뉴쪽] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS Tutorials] =====&lt;br /&gt;
* 편리한 구문 작성, 다른 시스템으로의 전환?interfacing to other systems:&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and ABM]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and C++]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and GMT]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Java]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Octave]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Paraview]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and PHP]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Python]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and SAGA]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Sextante]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Shell]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and VTK]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/docs/tutorial_62_en/index.html GRASS 6.2.3 tutorial] by Ciolli, Tattoni, Vitti, Zottele, and Zatelli.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[QGIS GRASS Cookbook]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wiki Tutorials]]: 바람직한 수집a nice collection&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Common Tasks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/ GRASS GIS Book] 교육용 자료 내려받기&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Training media훈련용 미디어 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials| Courses, training videos, presentations, etc.]] 협의회 기부contributed by the community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with tasks ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[data formats]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with the [[module command line parser]]에 관한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[RST Spline Surfaces]]에 과한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help with 3D]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Image_processing|Imagery and satellite]] data자료 연관 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[LIDAR|LIDAR and swath bathymetry]] data자료 연간 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Time series]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Color tables]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with creating [[Movies|Movies and animations]]작성관련 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[vector network analysis]] 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[GPS]] applications응용 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Trace vector contours from a scanned map]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digitizing Area Features]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Other별도 사항 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation project]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(지난 15년간의 GRASS를 위한 수많은 정보huge amount of information for many versions of GRASS spanning the last 15 years; 해당부분을 relevant content needs to be moved into this Wiki로 이전할 필요가 있다. [''도움 좀please help!''])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] contributed by the community&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(교습, 교재, 훈련용 비디오Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS raster semantics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vector Database Management]] Help도움&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [[Vectordata#GRASS_6_Vector_Architecture | vectordata]] (지형학적인topological)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 모듈관련 도움말Help with modules ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.sun]] - Solar irradiation model태양광 방사 모델&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ps.map]] - Cartographic plot builder지도 작성&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.stream.*]] - r.stream tutorial교습&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General일반 사항 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[GRASS Citation Repository]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Tips and Tricks]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Cartography]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[SQL]] support in GRASS GIS에서의 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Spatial SQL]] support in GRASS GIS에서의 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====[[GRASS + SAGA]] integration SAGA GIS and와 GRASS GIS의 결합 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Installation 적재==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] 이진팩키지용for binary packages&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] from SVN 소스코드적재소에 있는source code repository (the latest and greatest...최신의 그리고 거대한)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (e.g., to enable QGIS to read GRASS data directly예, QGIS로 바로 GRASS자료를 입력)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS AddOns]] (User contributions사용자 기여분)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Development 개선==&lt;br /&gt;
* Programming프로그래밍: see document list at [[Development]]의 문서 참조.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Translation Glossary]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Module Porting List]] (check here if you don't find a certain command in GRASS 6에서 찾지 못한 명령어가 있는 경우 이곳을 보세요.)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development#Linking GRASS to external languages|Linking GRASS to external languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Geostatistics지리통계 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Documents/ko&amp;diff=18702</id>
		<title>Documents/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Documents/ko&amp;diff=18702"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T13:57:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* GRASS Manual pages */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 사용법 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Faq|FAQ]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS 메뉴쪽] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS Tutorials] =====&lt;br /&gt;
* 편리한 구문 작성, 다른 시스템으로의 전환?interfacing to other systems:&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and ABM]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and C++]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and GMT]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Java]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Octave]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Paraview]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and PHP]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Python]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and SAGA]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Sextante]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Shell]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and VTK]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/docs/tutorial_62_en/index.html GRASS 6.2.3 tutorial] by Ciolli, Tattoni, Vitti, Zottele, and Zatelli.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[QGIS GRASS Cookbook]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wiki Tutorials]]: 바람직한 수집a nice collection&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Common Tasks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/ GRASS GIS Book] 교육용 자료 내려받기&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Training media훈련용 미디어 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials| Courses, training videos, presentations, etc.]] 협의회 기부contributed by the community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with tasks ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[data formats]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with the [[module command line parser]]에 관한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[RST Spline Surfaces]]에 과한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help with 3D]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Image_processing|Imagery and satellite]] data자료 연관 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[LIDAR|LIDAR and swath bathymetry]] data자료 연간 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Time series]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Color tables]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with creating [[Movies|Movies and animations]]작성관련 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[vector network analysis]] 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[GPS]] applications응용 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Trace vector contours from a scanned map]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digitizing Area Features]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Other별도 사항 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation project]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(지난 15년간의 GRASS를 위한 수많은 정보huge amount of information for many versions of GRASS spanning the last 15 years; 해당부분을 relevant content needs to be moved into this Wiki로 이전할 필요가 있다. [''도움 좀please help!''])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] contributed by the community&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(교습, 교재, 훈련용 비디오Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS raster semantics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vector Database Management]] Help도움&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [[Vectordata#GRASS_6_Vector_Architecture | vectordata]] (지형학적인topological)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 모듈관련 도움말Help with modules ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.sun]] - Solar irradiation model태양광 방사 모델&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ps.map]] - Cartographic plot builder지도 작성&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.stream.*]] - r.stream tutorial교습&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General일반 사항 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[GRASS Citation Repository]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Tips and Tricks]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Cartography]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[SQL]] support in GRASS GIS에서의 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Spatial SQL]] support in GRASS GIS에서의 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====[[GRASS + SAGA]] integration SAGA GIS and와 GRASS GIS의 결합 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Installation 적재==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] 이진팩키지용for binary packages&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] from SVN 소스코드적재소에 있는source code repository (the latest and greatest...최신의 그리고 거대한)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (e.g., to enable QGIS to read GRASS data directly예, QGIS로 바로 GRASS자료를 입력)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS AddOns]] (User contributions사용자 기여분)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Development 개선==&lt;br /&gt;
* Programming프로그래밍: see document list at [[Development]]의 문서 참조.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Translation Glossary]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Module Porting List]] (check here if you don't find a certain command in GRASS 6에서 찾지 못한 명령어가 있는 경우 이곳을 보세요.)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development#Linking GRASS to external languages|Linking GRASS to external languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Geostatistics지리통계 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Documents/ko&amp;diff=18701</id>
		<title>Documents/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Documents/ko&amp;diff=18701"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T13:56:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: Created page with &amp;quot;== 사용법 == ===== FAQ ===== ===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS Manual pages] =====  ===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS Tutorial...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 사용법 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Faq|FAQ]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/manuals.php GRASS Manual pages] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/tutorials.php GRASS Tutorials] =====&lt;br /&gt;
* 편리한 구문 작성, 다른 시스템으로의 전환?interfacing to other systems:&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and ABM]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and C++]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and GMT]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Java]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Octave]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Paraview]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and PHP]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Python]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and SAGA]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Sextante]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and Shell]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[GRASS and VTK]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 6 Tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/docs/tutorial_62_en/index.html GRASS 6.2.3 tutorial] by Ciolli, Tattoni, Vitti, Zottele, and Zatelli.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[QGIS GRASS Cookbook]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wiki Tutorials]]: 바람직한 수집a nice collection&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Common Tasks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.grassbook.org/ GRASS GIS Book] 교육용 자료 내려받기&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Training media훈련용 미디어 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials| Courses, training videos, presentations, etc.]] 협의회 기부contributed by the community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Help with tasks ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[data formats]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with the [[module command line parser]]에 관한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[RST Spline Surfaces]]에 과한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help with 3D]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Image_processing|Imagery and satellite]] data자료 연관 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[LIDAR|LIDAR and swath bathymetry]] data자료 연간 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Time series]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[Color tables]]에 대한 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with creating [[Movies|Movies and animations]]작성관련 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[vector network analysis]] 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Help with [[GPS]] applications응용 도움말&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Trace vector contours from a scanned map]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digitizing Area Features]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Other별도 사항 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/index.php GRASS Documentation project]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;(지난 15년간의 GRASS를 위한 수많은 정보huge amount of information for many versions of GRASS spanning the last 15 years; 해당부분을 relevant content needs to be moved into this Wiki로 이전할 필요가 있다. [''도움 좀please help!''])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS_Education_%28Free_GIS_education%29#Teaching_Materials | Teaching materials]] contributed by the community&amp;lt;BR&amp;gt;(교습, 교재, 훈련용 비디오Tutorials, courseware, training videos, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS raster semantics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vector Database Management]] Help도움&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS [[Vectordata#GRASS_6_Vector_Architecture | vectordata]] (지형학적인topological)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 모듈관련 도움말Help with modules ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.sun]] - Solar irradiation model태양광 방사 모델&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ps.map]] - Cartographic plot builder지도 작성&lt;br /&gt;
* [[r.stream.*]] - r.stream tutorial교습&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General일반 사항 ==&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[GRASS Citation Repository]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Tips and Tricks]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Cartography]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[SQL]] support in GRASS GIS에서의 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[Spatial SQL]] support in GRASS GIS에서의 지원 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====[[GRASS + SAGA]] integration SAGA GIS and와 GRASS GIS의 결합 =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Installation 적재==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] 이진팩키지용for binary packages&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] from SVN 소스코드적재소에 있는source code repository (the latest and greatest...최신의 그리고 거대한)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (e.g., to enable QGIS to read GRASS data directly예, QGIS로 바로 GRASS자료를 입력)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS AddOns]] (User contributions사용자 기여분)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Development 개선==&lt;br /&gt;
* Programming프로그래밍: see document list at [[Development]]의 문서 참조.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Translation Glossary]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Module Porting List]] (check here if you don't find a certain command in GRASS 6에서 찾지 못한 명령어가 있는 경우 이곳을 보세요.)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development#Linking GRASS to external languages|Linking GRASS to external languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Geostatistics지리통계 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[How to interpolate point value using kriging method with R and GRASS 6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 문서]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 교습]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18700</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18700"/>
		<updated>2013-05-24T02:19:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 파이선 분과회 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==파이선 분과회==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 분과회 단체들(Python Special Interest Groups)은 파이선의 개발, 개선, 세부적인 관리를 위해 상호 노력합니다. 각각의 분과회는 분과회의, 조정자, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트의 디렉토리를 가집니다. 분과회 회원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하는 경우 자동으로 획득됩니다. 어떤 분이라도 분과회에 가입할 수 있으며, 분과회의 메일링 목록을 이용하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. 아래 연걸사이트에서 현재 활동중인 분과회 회원들의 주소와 그들이 소유한 리소스에 접근할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다 강력하며 또한 C에 비하여 매우 쉽습니다. 파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함합니다. 아래에 그 예제가 있습니다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도 프로그램이 없어도 GUI를 구현할 수 있습니다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 스케레톤???외형???, 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. 이에 더하여 이것은??? 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결됩니다. 스크립트 (&amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;)용 라이버리를 &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다. 전형적인 사용예로:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일이 $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py 에 있습니다. 더 상세한 이해를 도모하려면 다음을 이용하십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''노트: C 강점을 이용하여야만 하는 코드을 작성하려면, 여러분은 다음 사이트를 통하여 GRASS C 라이버러리 함수를 사용할 수 있습니다. For code which needs access to the power of C, you can access the GRASS C library functions via [[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor파이선 구문 편집기 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.4.3+의 레이어관리 [[wxGUI]] 는 파이선 셀을 가지고 있어 wxGUI환경하에서 사용자가 직접 파이선 구문을 작성할 수 있게 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using the GRASS Python Scripting Library GRASS 파이선 구문 라이버러리 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
당신은 그라스 세션중에서 쉽게 파이선 구문을 수행할 수 있습니다. You can run Python scripts easily in a GRASS session.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
구문들을 작성하려면, To write these scripts, &lt;br /&gt;
* 파이선 내부에서 사용된 그라스 구문을 지원하기 위해서 grass.script를 제공하는 lib/python/의 라이버러리를 조사하십시오. which provides grass.script in order to support GRASS scripts written in Python.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  참조 [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]를 통하여 노트와 예제를 익히십시오.  for notes and examples.&lt;br /&gt;
* 그라스의 디렉토리 scripts/에 최종 사용자에게 제공되는 다수의 예제 시리즈가 있습니다. directory of GRASS contains a series of examples actually provided to the end users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
바람직한 파이선 코드 체계를 보려면, 다음 사이트를 보십시오.For the desired Python code style, have a look at {{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 외부에서 그라스 함수를 호출하는 파이선 구문의 작성 Creating Python scripts that call GRASS functionality from outside ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. Commonly, a user will run GRASS Python script from inside a GRASS session, i.e. either from the command line or from the Python shell embedded in the wxGUI ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For calling GRASS functionality from outside, see also [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-원도우 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 파이선을 이용하여 그라스 함수를 사용하려면 몇몇의 환경변수를 설정하여야 합니다. In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some hints약간의 힌트:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# The &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; file listed above must exist. Run GRASS one time interactively to create it or see below for how to writing it&lt;br /&gt;
# The Python interpreter (python.exe) needs to be in the PATH&lt;br /&gt;
# Python needs to be associated with the .py extension&lt;br /&gt;
# PATHEXT needs to include .py if you want to be able to omit the extension&lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH needs to be set to %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Points 2-4 should be taken care of by the Python installer. 5 needs to be done by the startup (currently, this doesn't appear to be the case on MS-Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively to run GRASS interactively, you can also create the &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; file yourself, e.g. (update to existing directory for &amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It doesn't matter what the file is called, so long as %GISRC% points to it and it contains the necessary settings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The normal location for GRASS 6.x on Windows is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On Windows 7, a typical setting for %APPDATA% is&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Linux ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Running external commands from Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
For information on running external commands from Python, see:&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Avoid using the older os.* functions. Section 17.1.3 lists equivalents&lt;br /&gt;
using the Popen() interface, which is more robust (particularly on&lt;br /&gt;
Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Debugging ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure the script is executable:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development, a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] 다른 언어를 사용하는 개발자 용&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] 개발자 용for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18699</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18699"/>
		<updated>2013-05-23T11:06:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==파이선 분과회==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 분과회 단체들(Python Special Interest Groups)은 파이선의 개발, 개선, 세부적인 관리를 위해 상호 노력합니다. 각각의 분과회는 분과회의, 조정자, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트의 디렉토리를 가집니다. 분과회 회원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하는 경우 자동으로 획득됩니다. 어떤 분이라도 분과회에 가입할 수 있으며, 분화회의 메일링 목록을 이용하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. 아래 연걸사이트에서 현재 활동중인 분과회 회원들의 주소과 그들이 소유한 리소스에 접근할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다 강력하며 또한 C에 비하여 매우 쉽습니다. 파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함합니다. 아래에 그 예제가 있습니다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도 프로그램이 없어도 GUI를 구현할 수 있습니다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 스케레톤???외형???, 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. 이에 더하여 이것은??? 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결됩니다. 스크립트 (&amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;)용 라이버리를 &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다. 전형적인 사용예로:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일이 $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py 에 있습니다. 더 상세한 이해를 도모하려면 다음을 이용하십시오.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''노트: C 강점을 이용하여야만 하는 코드을 작성하려면, 여러분은 다음 사이트를 통하여 GRASS C 라이버러리 함수를 사용할 수 있습니다. For code which needs access to the power of C, you can access the GRASS C library functions via [[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor파이선 구문 편집기 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRASS 6.4.3+의 레이어관리 [[wxGUI]] 는 파이선 셀을 가지고 있어 wxGUI환경하에서 사용자가 직접 파이선 구문을 작성할 수 있게 합니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using the GRASS Python Scripting Library GRASS 파이선 구문 라이버러리 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
당신은 그라스 세션중에서 쉽게 파이선 구문을 수행할 수 있습니다. You can run Python scripts easily in a GRASS session.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
구문들을 작성하려면, To write these scripts, &lt;br /&gt;
* 파이선 내부에서 사용된 그라스 구문을 지원하기 위해서 grass.script를 제공하는 lib/python/의 라이버러리를 조사하십시오. which provides grass.script in order to support GRASS scripts written in Python.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  참조 [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]를 통하여 노트와 예제를 익히십시오.  for notes and examples.&lt;br /&gt;
* 그라스의 디렉토리 scripts/에 최종 사용자에게 제공되는 다수의 예제 시리즈가 있습니다. directory of GRASS contains a series of examples actually provided to the end users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
바람직한 파이선 코드 체계를 보려면, 다음 사이트를 보십시오.For the desired Python code style, have a look at {{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 외부에서 그라스 함수를 호출하는 파이선 구문의 작성 Creating Python scripts that call GRASS functionality from outside ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. Commonly, a user will run GRASS Python script from inside a GRASS session, i.e. either from the command line or from the Python shell embedded in the wxGUI ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For calling GRASS functionality from outside, see also [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-원도우 ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
외부에서 파이선을 이용하여 그라스 함수를 사용하려면 몇몇의 환경변수를 설정하여야 합니다. In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some hints약간의 힌트:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# The &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; file listed above must exist. Run GRASS one time interactively to create it or see below for how to writing it&lt;br /&gt;
# The Python interpreter (python.exe) needs to be in the PATH&lt;br /&gt;
# Python needs to be associated with the .py extension&lt;br /&gt;
# PATHEXT needs to include .py if you want to be able to omit the extension&lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH needs to be set to %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Points 2-4 should be taken care of by the Python installer. 5 needs to be done by the startup (currently, this doesn't appear to be the case on MS-Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively to run GRASS interactively, you can also create the &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; file yourself, e.g. (update to existing directory for &amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It doesn't matter what the file is called, so long as %GISRC% points to it and it contains the necessary settings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The normal location for GRASS 6.x on Windows is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On Windows 7, a typical setting for %APPDATA% is&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Linux ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Running external commands from Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
For information on running external commands from Python, see:&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Avoid using the older os.* functions. Section 17.1.3 lists equivalents&lt;br /&gt;
using the Popen() interface, which is more robust (particularly on&lt;br /&gt;
Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Debugging ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure the script is executable:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development, a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] 다른 언어를 사용하는 개발자 용&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] 개발자 용for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18698</id>
		<title>GRASS and Python/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS_and_Python/ko&amp;diff=18698"/>
		<updated>2013-05-23T01:22:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: Created page with &amp;quot;==Python파이선 SIGs== 파이선 특별 호의 단체들???(Python Special Interest Groups)은 개발, 개선, 세부적인 파이선 관리를 위한 상호 노력을 경...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Python파이선 SIGs==&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 특별 호의 단체들???(Python Special Interest Groups)은 개발, 개선, 세부적인 파이선 관리를 위한 상호 노력을 경주합니다. are focused collaborative efforts to develop, improve, or maintain specific Python resources. 각각의 특별호의단체는 차트??지역회의, 조정자???, 메일 리스트, 파이선 웹사이트에 디렉토리를 가집니다. Each SIG has a charter, a coordinator, a mailing list, and a directory on the Python website. SIG 회의원권은 비형식적이며 SIG 메일링 리스트에 등록하면 획득됩니다. membership is informal, defined by subscription to the SIG's mailing list. 누구라도 Anyone can join a SIG에 가입할 수 있으며, and participate in the development discussions via the SIG's mailing list를 통하여 개발자 회의에 참가할 수 있습니다. Below is the list of currently active Python SIGs, with links to their resources.현재 활동중인 SIG멤버들의 주소과 그들이 소유한 리소스로 연결할 수 있습니다. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See more at더 상세한 사항은 다음 사이트에서 참조 http://www.python.org/community/sigs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GRASS 환경하에서 파이선 스크립트 작성==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
파이선은 셀스크립트보다는 강력하나 C맡큼 어렵지 않다. Python is a programming language which is more powerful than shell scripting but easier and more forgiving than C.&lt;br /&gt;
파이선 스크립트는 {{cmd|g.parser}}로 처리할 수 있는 간단한 모듈 정의를 포함할 수 있다. 아래에 그 예제가 있다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 별도의 프로그램 작성없이도 GUI를 구현할 수 있다. 또한 입력을 체크하고 스케레톤??? 도움말 쪽을 자동으로 작성할 수 있습니다. The Python script can contain simple module description definitions which will be processed with {{cmd|g.parser}}, as shown in the example below. In this way with no extra coding a GUI can be built, inputs checked, and a skeleton help page can be generated automatically. 이에 더하여 이것은??? 그라스 메시지 번역시스템에 연결될 수 있다. In addition it adds links to the GRASS message translation system. The library for &amp;quot;scripting&amp;quot;을 위한 라이버리는 is &amp;quot;grass.script&amp;quot;, 로 일반적으로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있다. typically used as:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import grass.script as grass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
관련 파일은 다음에.The related files are at $GISBASE/etc/python/grass/script/*.py. 더 상세한 부분은 다음을 이용하십시오.See below for more details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Note: For code which needs access to the power of C, you can access the GRASS C library functions via [[GRASS and Python#Python Ctypes Interface|the Python &amp;quot;ctypes&amp;quot; interface]].''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python script editor ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[wxGUI]] Layer Manager in GRASS 6.4.3+ comes with a &amp;quot;Python shell&amp;quot; which enables users to type and execute python commands directly in wxGUI environment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:wxgui-pyshell.png|center|350px|Embedded interactive Python Shell in wxGUI Layer Manager]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using the GRASS Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can run Python scripts easily in a GRASS session.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To write these scripts, &lt;br /&gt;
* check the code in lib/python/ which provides grass.script in order to support GRASS scripts written in Python.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  See the [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]] for notes and examples.&lt;br /&gt;
* The scripts/ directory of GRASS contains a series of examples actually provided to the end users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the desired Python code style, have a look at {{src|SUBMITTING_PYTHON}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Creating Python scripts that call GRASS functionality from outside ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: This is a more advanced use case of using GRASS' functionality from outside via Python. Commonly, a user will run GRASS Python script from inside a GRASS session, i.e. either from the command line or from the Python shell embedded in the wxGUI ([[:File:Wxgui-pyshell.png|screenshot]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For calling GRASS functionality from outside, see also [[Working with GRASS without starting it explicitly]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== MS-Windows ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISBASE= C:\GRASS-64&lt;br /&gt;
 GISRC= C:\Documents and Settings\user\.grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH= C:\GRASS-64\lib&lt;br /&gt;
 PATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc;C:\GRASS-64\etc\python;C:\GRASS-64\lib;C:\GRASS-64\bin;C:\GRASS-64\extralib;C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin;C:\Python26;&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONLIB= C:\Python26&lt;br /&gt;
 PYTHONPATH= C:\GRASS-64\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_SH= C:\GRASS-64\msys\bin\sh.exe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some hints:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# The &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; file listed above must exist. Run GRASS one time interactively to create it or see below for how to writing it&lt;br /&gt;
# The Python interpreter (python.exe) needs to be in the PATH&lt;br /&gt;
# Python needs to be associated with the .py extension&lt;br /&gt;
# PATHEXT needs to include .py if you want to be able to omit the extension&lt;br /&gt;
# PYTHONPATH needs to be set to %GISBASE%\etc\python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Points 2-4 should be taken care of by the Python installer. 5 needs to be done by the startup (currently, this doesn't appear to be the case on MS-Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively to run GRASS interactively, you can also create the &amp;quot;.grassrc6&amp;quot; file yourself, e.g. (update to existing directory for &amp;quot;grassdata&amp;quot;):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 GISDBASE: C:\Documents and Settings\user\grassdata&lt;br /&gt;
 LOCATION_NAME: nc_spm_08&lt;br /&gt;
 MAPSET: user1&lt;br /&gt;
 GRASS_DB_ENCODING: ascii&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It doesn't matter what the file is called, so long as %GISRC% points to it and it contains the necessary settings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The normal location for GRASS 6.x on Windows is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 %APPDATA%\GRASS6\grassrc6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On Windows 7, a typical setting for %APPDATA% is&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 C:\Users\&amp;lt;username&amp;gt;\AppData\Roaming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Linux ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order to use GRASS functionality via Python from outside, some environment variables have to be set:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISBASE=&amp;quot;/usr/local/grass-6.4.svn/&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PATH=&amp;quot;$PATH:$GISBASE/bin:$GISBASE/scripts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=&amp;quot;$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GISBASE/lib&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 # for parallel session management, we use process ID (PID) as lock file number:&lt;br /&gt;
 export GIS_LOCK=$$&lt;br /&gt;
 # path to GRASS settings file&lt;br /&gt;
 export GISRC=&amp;quot;$HOME/.grassrc6&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 export PYTHONPATH=&amp;quot;$PYTHONPATH:$GISBASE/etc/python&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Running external commands from Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
For information on running external commands from Python, see:&lt;br /&gt;
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Avoid using the older os.* functions. Section 17.1.3 lists equivalents&lt;br /&gt;
using the Popen() interface, which is more robust (particularly on&lt;br /&gt;
Windows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Testing and installing Python extensions ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Debugging ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Make sure the script is executable:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    chmod +x /path/to/my.extension.py&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During development, a Python script can be debugged using the Python Debugger (pdb):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    python -m pdb /path/to/my.extension.py input=my_input_layer output=my_output_layer option=value -f&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Installation ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you're happy with your script, you can put it in the scripts/ folder of your GRASS install. To do so, first create a directory named after your extension, then create a Makefile for it, and a HTML man page:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src/&lt;br /&gt;
    cd scripts&lt;br /&gt;
    ls # It is useful to check out the existing scripts and their structure&lt;br /&gt;
    mkdir my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cd my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    cp path/to/my.extension.py .&lt;br /&gt;
    touch my.extension.html&lt;br /&gt;
    touch Makefile&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next step is to edit the Makefile. It is a very simple text file, the only thing to check is to put the right extension name (WITHOUT the .py file extension) after PGM:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    MODULE_TOPDIR = ../..&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    PGM = my.extension&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    include $(MODULE_TOPDIR)/include/Make/Script.make&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
    default: script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The HTML file would be generated automatically. If you want to add more precisions in it, you can do it (just make sure you start at DESCRIPTION. See existing scripts.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can then run &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; within the my.extension folder. Running &amp;quot;make&amp;quot; in the extension directory places the resulting files in the staging directory (path/to/grass_src/dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/). If you're running GRASS from the staging directory (/path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7), subsequent commands will used the updated files. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    # in your extension directory (/path/to/grass_src/scripts/my.extension/)&lt;br /&gt;
    make&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS from the staging directory&lt;br /&gt;
    /path/to/grass_src/bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also run &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level directory of your GRASS install (say /usr/local/src/grass_trunk/). Running &amp;quot;make install&amp;quot; from the top level just copies the whole of the dist.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/ directory to the installation directory (e.g. /usr/local/grass70) and the bin.&amp;lt;YOUR_ARCH&amp;gt;/grass70 bin file to the bin directory (e.g. /usr/local/bin), and fixes any embedded paths in scripts and configuration files.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    cd /path/to/grass_src&lt;br /&gt;
    make install&lt;br /&gt;
    # Starting GRASS as usual would work and show your extension available&lt;br /&gt;
    grass7&lt;br /&gt;
    my.extension help&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Python extensions in GRASS GIS==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Scripting Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[GRASS Python Scripting Library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== pygrass Library ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Python/pygrass|pygrass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python Ctypes Interface ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This interface allows calling GRASS library functions from Python scripts. See [[Python Ctypes Examples]] for details.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* GRASS 7: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/raster_example_ctypes.py raster], [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/doc/python/vector_example_ctypes.py vector] example&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Latest and greatest: GRASS 7 Python {{src|scripts}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;strike&amp;gt;[[PythonSwigExamples|More complicated examples]]&amp;lt;/strike&amp;gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;-- TODO: update to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for GRASS 6 raster access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/env python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
## TODO: update example to Ctypes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Raster Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_cell2(input, '')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# determine the inputmap type (CELL/FCELL/DCELL) */&lt;br /&gt;
data_type = grass.G_raster_map_type(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
infd = grass.G_open_cell_old(input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
inrast = grass.G_allocate_raster_buf(data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
rown = 0&lt;br /&gt;
while True:&lt;br /&gt;
    myrow = grass.G_get_raster_row(infd, inrast, rown, data_type)&lt;br /&gt;
    print rown, myrow[0:10]&lt;br /&gt;
    rown += 1&lt;br /&gt;
    if rown == 476:&lt;br /&gt;
        break&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_close_cell(inrast)&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_free(cell)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sample script for vector access (use within GRASS, Spearfish session):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#!/usr/bin/python&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# run within GRASS Spearfish session&lt;br /&gt;
# run this before starting python to append module search path:&lt;br /&gt;
#   export PYTHONPATH=/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&lt;br /&gt;
#   check with &amp;quot;import sys; sys.path&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
# or:&lt;br /&gt;
#   sys.path.append(&amp;quot;/usr/src/grass70/swig/python&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# FIXME: install the grass bindings in $GISBASE/lib/ ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
import os, sys&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import grass&lt;br /&gt;
from grass.lib import vector as grassvect&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if &amp;quot;GISBASE&amp;quot; not in os.environ:&lt;br /&gt;
    print &amp;quot;You must be in GRASS GIS to run this program.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    sys.exit(1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
if len(sys.argv)==2:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = sys.argv[1]&lt;br /&gt;
else:&lt;br /&gt;
  input = raw_input(&amp;quot;Vector Map Name? &amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# initialize&lt;br /&gt;
grass.G_gisinit('')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# find map in search path&lt;br /&gt;
mapset = grass.G_find_vector2(input,'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define map structure&lt;br /&gt;
map = grassvect.Map_info()&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# define open level (level 2: topology)&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_set_open_level (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# open existing map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_open_old(map, input, mapset)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# query&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect map: ', input&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect is 3D: ', grassvect.Vect_is_3d (map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Vect DB links: ', grassvect.Vect_get_num_dblinks(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Map Scale:  1:', grassvect.Vect_get_scale(map)&lt;br /&gt;
print 'Number of areas:', grassvect.Vect_get_num_areas(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# close map&lt;br /&gt;
grassvect.Vect_close(map)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== wxPython GUI development ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* See the [[wxGUI]] wiki page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Python-GRASS add-ons ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stand-alone addons:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Jáchym Čepický's PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service (http://pywps.wald.intevation.org)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Using GRASS gui.tcl in Python ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is some example code to use the grass automatically generated guis in python code. This could (should) all be bundled up and abstracted away so that the implementation can be replaced later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;source lang=&amp;quot;python&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
import Tkinter&lt;br /&gt;
import os&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Startup (once):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tk = Tkinter.Tk()&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;wm withdraw .&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;source $env(GISBASE)/etc/gui.tcl&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
# Here you could do various things to change what the gui does&lt;br /&gt;
# See gui.tcl and README.GUI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Make a gui (per dialog)&lt;br /&gt;
# This sets up a window for the command.&lt;br /&gt;
# This can be different to integrate with tkinter:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('set path &amp;quot;.dialog$dlg&amp;quot;')&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval ('toplevel .dialog$dlg')&lt;br /&gt;
# Load the code for this command:&lt;br /&gt;
fd = os.popen (&amp;quot;d.vect --tcltk&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
gui = fd.read()&lt;br /&gt;
# Run it&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval(gui)&lt;br /&gt;
dlg = tk.eval('set dlg') # This is used later to get and set &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Get the current command in the gui we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
currentcommand = tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_get_command &amp;quot; + dlg)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Set the command in the dialog we just made:&lt;br /&gt;
tk.eval (&amp;quot;dialog_set_command &amp;quot; + dlg + &amp;quot; {d.vect map=roads}&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== FAQ ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Q:''' Error message오류 사항??? &amp;quot;execl() failed: Permission denied&amp;quot; - 무엇으로 해결하나?&lt;br /&gt;
: '''A:''' Be sure that the execute bit of the script is set. 당신 스크립트의 실행비트가 결정되었는지 확인하세요???&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 연결 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== General guides일반 안내 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Programming/ Wikibook Python Programming]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python Quick Python tutorial] for programmers of other languages&lt;br /&gt;
*: [http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers More Python tutorials] for programmers&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ Python programming style guide]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors Python Editors]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 프로그래밍 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GRASS:&lt;br /&gt;
** Library interfaces: [GRASS Python Scripting Library http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/pythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** Graphical user interface (GIU): [GRASS wxPython-based GUI http://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/wxpythonlib.html]&lt;br /&gt;
** PyWPS, GRASS-Web Processing Service: [[WPS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and OSGeo:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/OSGeo_Python_Library OSGeo Python Library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GDAL/OGR:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/community/conferences/MUM3/workshop/python Open Source Python GIS Hacks Mum'03]&lt;br /&gt;
** http://hobu.biz/software/OSGIS_Hacks - Python OSGIS Hacks '05&lt;br /&gt;
** http://zcologia.com/news/categorylist_html?cat_id=8&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.perrygeo.net/wordpress/?p=4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python bindings to PROJ:&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/people/jeffrey.s.whitaker/python/pyproj.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and GIS:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gispython.org/ Open Source GIS-Python Laboratory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Python and Statistics:&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R-statistics programming language&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Bindings:&lt;br /&gt;
** SIP (C/C++ bindings generator) http://directory.fsf.org/all/Python-SIP.html&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cython.org/ Cython] - C-Extensions for Python (compile where speed is needed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Other external projects&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.scipy.org Scientific Python]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific Numeric and Scientific]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/comp/python/python.html Info on Python for Scientific Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 발표문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From FOSS4G2006:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=136&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 A Python sweeps in the GRASS] - A. Frigeri 2006&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foss4g2006.org/materialDisplay.py?contribId=67&amp;amp;amp;sessionId=48&amp;amp;amp;materialId=slides&amp;amp;amp;confId=1 GRASS goes web: PyWPS] - J. Cepicky 2006 (see also [[WPS]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 참고문헌 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Zambelli, P., Gebbert, S., Ciolli, M., 2013. ''Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS)''. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, 201–219. ([http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010201 DOI] | [http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/201/pdf PDF])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Python}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18692</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18692"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T23:02:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 내려받기 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/Source code and binaries]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[추가항목]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18691</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18691"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T23:01:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 내려받기 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/이진파일이나 소스코드Source code and binaries]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[추가항목]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18690</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18690"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T22:59:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 내려받기 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/source code or binary download]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[추가항목]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18689</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18689"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T22:58:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 내려받기 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/소스 이진]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[추가항목]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18688</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18688"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T22:58:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 내려받기 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/소스 이진 받기]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[추가항목]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18687</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18687"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T22:57:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 내려받기 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/소스와 이진파일 받기]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[추가항목]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18686</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18686"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T22:56:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* 내려받기 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/소스코드와 이진파일 내려받기]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[추가항목]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18685</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18685"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T22:53:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Community */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 참여하기: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed]은 최근 이 위키의 변경 내용을 정리함 &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download Source code and binaries]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[AddOns]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18684</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18684"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T22:50:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: /* Community */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: 만나기&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: 사람들이 GRASS로 하고 있는 사항&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Get involved: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed] of recent changes of this Wiki&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;전세계적으로 활동하고 있는 GRASS GIS 사용자들을 사이트 [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]을 방문하여 만날 수 있습니다. 만약에 당신이 GRASS GIS를 사용하거나 운영하고 있다면?, 당신의 정보를 여기에 올릴 것을 당부합니다.  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download Source code and binaries]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[AddOns]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18683</id>
		<title>GRASS-Wiki/ko</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=GRASS-Wiki/ko&amp;diff=18683"/>
		<updated>2013-05-21T22:30:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;⚠️Ghlimassuh: Created page with &amp;quot;__NOTOC__ {| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; |- | width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; | &amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;div st...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;68%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:grasslogo_vector_small.png|right|link=http://grass.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== GRASS GIS 사용자 위키 방문을 감사합니다 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{website|documentation/general-overview|'''GRASS GIS'''}}는 지리공간자료 관리와 분석, 이미지 처리, 그림과 지도 그리기, 공간 모델링, 그리고 시각화을 위한 사이트[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic Information System] 입니다. &lt;br /&gt;
이 위키에서 당신은 GRASS 관련 정보, 문서, 그리고 협의회가 제공하는 수 많은 추가 프로그램을 얻을 수도 그리고 반대로 기여할 수도 있습니다 (우상단의 연결고리 참조 바람). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
부담없이 GRASS에 대한 감각을 얻고자 한다면, 쪽 [[core features]]를 이용하세요. 사용 예제에 관심이 있으면, 웹쪽 [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots screenshots gallery] 와 [[Applications]]을 보시기 바랍니다.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#FFE5E5;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''What's hot:'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Now: [[GRASS SoC Ideas 2013|Google Summer of Code 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Coming in July: [[GRASS Community Sprint Prague 2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Soon: [http://grass.osgeo.org/news/22/15/GRASS-GIS-6-4-3RC3-source-code-and-selected-binaries-released/ '''GRASS 6.4.3''' is almost ready!] {{bullet}} [http://grass.osgeo.org/download download the release candidate], [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/report/16 help spot bugs]&lt;br /&gt;
* Recently: [http://grass.osgeo.org GRASS GIS Website completely renovated!]&lt;br /&gt;
* Try the [[Quick wxGUI tutorial]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Temporal support and other new [[Initiatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Raspberry_Pi|GRASS on the Raspberry Pi]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==== User Documentation and Support ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Help|GRASS Help and Getting Started]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Documents|In depth GRASS Documentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Installation Guide]] for precompiled binaries&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Faq|FAQ]] - Frequently Asked Questions'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications]] - use cases of GRASS in various disciplines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wxGUI]] - Graphical User Interface based on wxPython&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Community ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Community]]: Getting in touch&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Applications|Research applications]]: What people are doing with GRASS&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS migration hints|Migrating to GRASS]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS Blogger]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Get involved: [[Project jobs]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss RSS feed] of recent changes of this Wiki&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Have a look at the GRASS GIS users worldwide [http://grass.osgeo.org/community GRASS GIS User Online]. If you operate a GRASS GIS installation, you are welcome to enter your user data there. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;''[[GRASS-Wiki:Language policy|Translate this Wiki]]''&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- RIGHT COLUMN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| width=&amp;quot;38%&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0;  border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OSGeo 220pix.png|center|220px|link=http://www.osgeo.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;[http://www.osgeo.org OSGeo] Foundation Project&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Btn_donate_SM.gif|center|link=http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/screenshots GRASS Screenshots]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org SVN/trac] Source Code Repository&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists Mailing lists] and [[IRC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ Report errors or wishes]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/COPYING Licensed under GNU GPL]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 내려받기 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download Source code and binaries]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[AddOns]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Promotional material개선자료???]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[예제자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[전구자료]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== 개발 ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Compile and Install]] 소스코드를 위한of Source Code&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Development|GRASS Development]] 들기intro&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki GRASS-trac]: 개발자위키, 버그추적, 소스코드보기the development Wiki, bugtracker, source code browser&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Release Roadmap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS 7 ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRASS SoC Ideas|Google Summer of Code ideas collection]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/HowToContribute How to contribute to GRASS development] (getting write access and such)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:1px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Project Metrics provided by [http://www.ohloh.net/projects/3666 Ohloh].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#widget:Ohloh Project|id=3666|type=partner_badge}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Ghlimassuh</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>