GRASS-Wiki - User contributions [en]

Geoprocessing Engine Working Group

2023-10-13T02:21:31Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

Geoprocessing engine working group is established to coordinate the development of GRASS GIS as a geoprocessing engine to facilitate GRASS adoption by researchers and industry.

== Scope ==
* coordinate development of GRASS GIS as a geoprocessing engine
* coordinate development of Python API
* coordinate software distribution
* source code quality assurance, testing, CI

== Members ==
Let us know who you are and what are your interests and topics you want to discuss and develop as part of this group.

; [https://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/User:Wenzeslaus Vaclav (Vashek) Petras] (working group coordinator)
: Researcher and software developer at North Carolina State University
: Interested in ...

; Markus Neteler
:
:

; Loïc Bartoletti
:
:

; [https://hcho.isnew.info/ Huidae Cho]
: Water resources engineer and senior GIS developer
: Interested in Open Source Hydrology, especially, GRASS GIS applications and algorithm development

; Helmut Kudrnovsky
:
:

; Massimo Di Stefano
:

; Stefan Blumentrath
:

To be added to this working group, please contact the group coordinator.

== Communication Channels ==
* [https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev grass-dev] mailing list
* [https://github.com/OSGeo/grass OSGeo/grass GitHub issues and pull requests] and [https://github.com/orgs/OSGeo/projects/4 GitHub project]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Working_Groups]]

Creating watersheds

2021-04-05T11:25:58Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

Arcview users, needing to delineate watersheds and stream networks, choose the extension called "Arc Hydro" (requires at least Spatial Analyst). This extension introduces the concepts of "Batch Points" and "Adjoint Catchments". Batch points are locations that the user defines as drainage outlets. An adjoint catchment is the collection of all raster cells that drain into one of the batch points. Here we'll demonstrate how to get similar results with GRASS GIS 6.

== Creating watersheds with specific drainage outlets==
As an example, we'll create a set of catchments with their drainage outlets exactly at the points where the streams cross a road. We'll assume our starting data includes an elevation raster called "dem" and a line vector called "roads". We first create the regular hydrology layers.

=== Preparation ===

<source lang="bash">
#set the region to the dem raster, and run the r.watershed module.
g.region -p rast=dem

# threshold in map cells (try 10000 as a start). Note: DEM Sink-filling not needed, since GRASS GIS uses the A* least cost routing, see r.watershed manual:
r.watershed elev=dem drain=fdir basin=catch stream=str thresh=<your-threshold>
</source>

So far, pretty straightforward. There's abundant information on {{cmd|r.watershed}}. I'll just mention that the threshold value is the number of cells that will be the minimum catchment size. So if the resolution of our dem raster is, for example, 10x10 meters (each cell=100 sq. meters), then a threshold of 20,000 (=2,000,000 sq. meters) would create catchments of at least 2 sq. kilometers.

=== Display first results ===
When the process finishes we'll have three new raster maps: the flow direction map, the streams and the catchments. Let's see what we've got so far:

<source lang="bash">
#Convert the steams and catchments to vectors
# r.to.vect in=catch out=catchments feature=area # Grass 6
r.to.vect in=catch out=catchments type=area # Grass 7

# the stream raster usually requires thinning
r.thin in=str out=str_thin
# r.to.vect in=str_thin out=streams feature=line # Grass 6
r.to.vect in=str_thin out=streams type=line # Grass 7
r.colors dem col=elevation

# Make a hillshade raster for displaying "3D"
# r.shaded.relief map=dem shade=dem_shade zmult=1.5 # Grass 6
r.relief input=dem output=dem_shade zscale=1.5 # Grass 7

# Now display layers
# d.mon x0 # Grass 6
d.mon start=wx0 # Grass 7
d.his h=dem i=dem_shade
d.vect map=streams color=blue width=3
d.vect map=catchments type=boundary color=red
d.vect roads color=black width=2
</source>

=== Determine drainage points ===
Now we need to find all the points where streams cross roads. The {{cmd|v.overlay}} module does not deal with point vectors (hint: {{cmd|v.select}} does). Instead we use a trick in v.clean. When cleaning a line vector, all points where lines cross and no node exists are considered topological "errors" and can be saved to a new point vector. So by merging the roads and streams vectors, we create a vector with lines (streams) crossing other lines (roads) without a node. Then we run {{cmd|v.clean}}, and we get all those intersection points in a new vector.

<source lang="bash">
# Patch the streams and roads vectors together
v.patch in=streams,roads out=streams_roads
v.clean in=streams_roads out=streams_roads_clean tool=break error=cross_points

#View cross points on display
d.vect cross_points icon=basic/circle color=green size=12

# Save crossing points to a text file
# v.out.ascii in=cross_points out=cross_points.txt format=point fs=space # Grass 6
v.out.ascii in=cross_points out=cross_points.txt format=point layer=-1 separator=space # Grass 7
</source>

=== Looping thru drainage outlet points ===
Once we have the crossing points in a file, we simply run {{cmd|r.water.outlet}} in a loop to create a watershed for each cross point. However the raster result of r.water.outlet has value '1' in each cell that is upstream of the drainage point, and '0' everywhere else. For our purposes, we want to patch the rasters together after running the loop, so we need to have '''null values''' outside of the watersheds, and each watershed must use a '''different value''' in the upstream cells for its drainage point. To achieve these results, we use the r.null module to set '0' value cells to null. Then, we take advantage of the {{cmd|r.reclass}} function to make a reclassed raster with different values for each watershed. Here's how it works for GRASS 6:

<source lang="bash">
i=0 #an iterator to give consecutive names to the new watersheds
while read X Y; do \
i=$(( ${i} + 1 )) \
r.water.outlet drain=fdir east=$X north=$Y basin=tmp_$i \
r.null tmp_$i setnull=0 \
echo 1=$i | r.reclass in=tmp_$i out=tmp_reclass_$i
done < cross_points.txt
echo "Created $i watersheds"
</source>

And here's how it works for GRASS 7:
<source lang="bash">
i=0 #an iterator to give consecutive names to the new watersheds
while read X Y; do
i=$(( ${i} + 1 ))
r.water.outlet --overwrite input=$drain coordinates=$X,$Y output=tmp_$i
r.null tmp_$i setnull=0
echo 1=$i | r.reclass --overwrite in=tmp_$i out=tmp_reclass_$i rules=-
done < cross_points.txt
echo "Created $i watersheds"
</source>

=== Combining watersheds into one patched vector ===
Next we patch together all the reclassed rasters (watersheds), convert to vector and clean the merged watersheds vector.

<source lang="bash">
# r.patch in=`g.mlist rast pattern=tmp_reclass* separator=,` out=wshed_patch # Grass 6
# r.to.vect in=wshed_patch out=wshed_patch feature=area # Grass 6
r.patch in=`g.list raster pattern=tmp_reclass* separator=,` out=wshed_patch # Grass 7
r.to.vect in=wshed_patch out=wshed_patch type=area
# Use v.clean to remove tiny areas (that were a string of single cells in the raster)
v.clean wshed_patch out=wshed_final tool=rmarea thresh=150
</source>

Choose an appropriate threshold value based on your region resolution. With a region resolution of 10, each individual cell will be 100 sqm, so choosing 150 as the threshold for v.clean allows removing these small areas. Additional manual cleaning may be required.

Clean up tmp rasters:

<source lang="bash">
# g.remove rast=`g.mlist pattern=tmp* sep=,` # Grass 6
g.remove -f type=raster name=`g.list raster pattern=tmp* sep=, ` # Grass 7
</source>

Most likely we'll want to calculate the area for each watershed.

<source lang="bash">
# Add a table with a column for area in sq.km.
# v.db.addcol map=wshed_final col="area_sqkm double" # Grass 6
v.db.addcolumn map=wshed_final col="area_sqkm double" # Grass 7

# Use unit=k(ilometers) to get area in sq. km.
v.to.db map=wshed_final option=area col=area_sqkm unit=k
</source>

And finally, we can view the catchments, and their area values (you may use the [[wxGUI]]):

<source lang="bash">
d.vect wshed_final type=boundary,centroid display=shape,attr attrcol=area_sqkm size=0 width=3 color=orange
</source>

=== Calculating total drainage area for each stream reach ===
Some other software, such as the ArcGIS extension "ArcHydro" can calculate the total upstream drainage area flowing through '''each''' stream reach. The same result is achieved in GRASS with a few hydrology modules and a database join.
Begin by rerunning the r.watershed command as in the first section, but adding a flow accumulation raster as the output:

<source lang="bash">
#set the region to the dem raster, and run the r.watershed module.
g.region -p rast=dem
# Choose threshold in map cells (try 10000 as a start). Note: DEM Sink-filling not needed:
r.watershed elev=dem accumulation=facc thresh=<your-threshold>
</source>

Now create a stream vector layer (or use the vector layer created above) with the r.stream.extract module. Then add to the vector attribute table columns for end point coordinates of each section of the stream, and for the flow accumulation area:
<source lang="bash">
r.stream.extract --o elev=dem accum=facc thresh=<your-threshold> stream_vector=streams
v.db.addcolumn streams col="end_x double, end_y double, accum_area double"
v.to.db streams option=end columns="end_x,end_y"
</source>
We now have a stream vector map with the X-Y coordinates of the end point of each section of the stream, and an empty column ready to accept the upstream drainage area. The next step involves exporting the end point coordinates to a point layer, and using the v.what.rast module to get the values at each point from the flow accumulation grid. Then the end_points vector will have an attribute column containing the total number of upstream pixels flowing thru each point.
<source lang="bash">
v.db.select -c streams column="cat,end_x,end_y" | v.in.ascii --o input=- output=end_points x=2 y=3
v.db.addcolumn end_points column="accum_pixels double, accum_area double"
v.what.rast end_points raster=facc column=accum_pixels
</source>

The following queries the current region setting for the cell resolution. The total number of upstream cells (from the flow accumulation raster) must be multiplied by the cell size in order to get upstream '''area''' in map units. Finally an SQL expression updates the total upstream area to the streams attribute table, using the number of pixels from the end_points multiplied by the area of each pixel.
<source lang="bash">
eval `g.region -g`
SQ_M=$(( ${ewres}*${nsres} ))
v.db.update end_points column=accum_area query_col="accum_pixels*${SQ_M}"
db.execute sql="UPDATE streams SET accum_area=(SELECT accum_area FROM end_points where cat=streams.cat)"
</source>
This leaves the accum_area column populated with values for total upstream drainage area for each stream reach.

== References ==
* Jasiewicz, J., & Metz, M. (2011). A new GRASS GIS toolkit for Hortonian analysis of drainage networks. Computers & Geosciences, 37(8), 1162-1173. ([https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.03.003 DOI])
* Metz, M. (2015). A new least impact approach for hydrological conditioning of DEMs. Geomorphometry for Geosciences, 95-96. ([http://www.geomorphometry.org/system/files/Metz2015geomorphometry.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M., Mitasova, H., & Harmon, R. S. (2011). Efficient extraction of drainage networks from massive, radar-based elevation models with least cost path search. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 667-678, 2011 ([https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-667-2011 DOI])
* Metz, M., Mitasova, H., & Harmon, R. S. (2010). Accurate stream extraction from large, radar-based elevation models. Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions, 7(3). ([https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-667-2011 DOI])

[[Category: FAQ]]
[[Category: Documentation]]
[[Category: Hydrology]]

Team

2020-08-15T03:19:32Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Add a profile picture for Huidae Cho

The GRASS GIS project is an international team effort with scientists and developers participating from various fields. Below is a list of the current team.

All general queries concerning GRASS should be addressed to the respective [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists/ GRASS mailing lists]. If you miss yourself or somebody else on the lists below, please feel free to edit this Wiki page or send mail to the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list].
__TOC__
== Current contributors to the development of the GRASS code ==

In alphabetical order; see for example [http://www.ohloh.net/p/grass_gis/contributors here] for contribution statistics.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:left"
| width=200px | [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Anna Kratochvílová''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:benjamin.png|100px|center|center]]
| '''Benjamin Ducke''': extension manager, spatial statistics, archaeological applications, predictive modelling Location: Berlin, Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Glynn Clements''': core development, UK, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:hamish.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Hamish Bowman''': Development of display, PostScript, raster, and GPS modules as well as general sanitation of the code, help, and web pages. Location: Department of Marine Science, University of Otago. Dunedin, New Zealand mail: hamish_b AT yahoo com [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grassfiles http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grassfiles]

|-
| [[Image:helena.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Helena Mitasova''': surface and volume modeling and analysis (RST modules), topographic analysis, hydrologic and erosion modelling, assistance with visualization, working with students on new module development, testing, and bug fixing Location: Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ][http://www4.ncsu.edu/~hmitaso/ http://www4.ncsu.edu/~hmitaso/]

|-
| [[Image:hellik.png|100px|center]]
| '''Helmut Kudrnovsky''': [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/binary/mswindows/native/ winGRASS packaging],german translation, Austria, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:HuidaeCho.png|100px|center]]
| '''Huidae Cho''': Hydrologic modeling (TOPMODEL modules), DXF modules, FreeType support, Korean translation. Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA mail: grass4u AT gmail com, IRC Nick: grass4u [http://idea.isnew.info https://idea.isnew.info]

|-
| [[Image:lucadelu.png|100px|center]]
| '''Luca Delucchi''': Python GRASS development (GUI and Modules), Documentation, Italian Translation, Location: Trento (Italy), mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Maris_nartiss.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''[[user:MarisN|Maris Nartiss]]''': Tcl/TK GUI development, Latvia, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Markus Metz''': GRASS 7 development, massive data processing, vector library, Italy + Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:markus.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Markus Neteler''': various contributions, coordination, main Web site and mailing lists maintenance, Location: Bonn, Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], IRC Nick: markusN [http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/ http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/]

|-
| [[Image:mlanda.png|100px|center]]
| '''Martin Landa''': various contributions, vector engine improvements, [[wxGUI]], Location: Prague, Czech Republic Mail: landa.martin AT gmail.com Homepage: [http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa]

|-
| [[Image:michael.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Michael Barton ''': GRASS native GUI development, Mac binaries, Location: Tempe, Arizona, USA mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ][http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/ http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Moritz Lennert''': display tools, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Nikos Alexandris''': tester, contributed add-ons, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Pietro Zambelli''': GRASS7 Python API (mainly pygrass), Location: Europe, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: ''

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Soeren Gebbert''': improvements of [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/ 3D functionality] mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
|
[[Image:Stefan.png|100px|center]]
| '''Stefan Blumentrath''': GRASS Python development, Oslo, NO, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list][https://www.nina.no/english/Contact/Employees/Employee-info?AnsattID=14230 NINA Oslo]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Stepan Turek''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Vaclav Petras''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''William Kyngesburye''': [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software:grass/ Mac OS X packaging], USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Yann Chemin''': image processing, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''''your name''': what-you-do, Location: xyz, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: ''

|}

== Former or currently inactive developers ==

(in alphabetical order)

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:left"
| width=200px | [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Bob Covill''' Role: visualization, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Brad Douglas''' Role: bug fixing, code portability, imagery modules Location: Fremont, California, USA, IRC Nick: bdouglas, mail: rez AT touchofmadness com

|-
| [[Image:cedric.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Cedric Shock''' Role: user interface enhancements, debugging Location: Eugene, Oregon, USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/ http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/]

|-
| [[Image:DaveSampson.png|100px|center]]
| '''Dave Sampson''' Role: tutorials, data sets & public data licensing, GRASS map gallery, Ottawa Chapter of OSGeo, Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, mail: samper.d at gmail dot com [http://davidsampson.ca/ http://davidsampson.ca]

|-
| [[Image:jachym.png|100px|center]]
| '''Jachym Cepicky''' Role: bug fixing, support of 3D vectors, tester and translator, UI developer, Czech Republic, mail: jachym.cepicky AT gmail.com [http://les-ejk.cz/ http://les-ejk.cz/]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Jaroslav Hofierka''' Role: development of modules for solar irradiation, flow routing, surface and volume modelling and analysis (RST modules), hydrologic and erosion modelling, assistance with visualization Location: Presov, Slovakia, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:maciek.png|100px|center]]
| '''Maciej Sieczka''' Role: power user, testing Location: Wroclaw, Poland, mail: msieczka AT sieczka.org [http://www.sieczka.org/ http://www.sieczka.org]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Marco Pasetti''' Role: Microsoft Windows native binary port of GRASS Location: Brescia, Italy, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/binary/mswindows/native/ WinGRASS Project Homepage]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Paul Kelly''' Role: Proj integration, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:radim.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Radim Blazek''' Role: DBMI, vector engine core developer, Location: Trento, Italy till 2006, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:scott.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Scott Mitchell''' Role: tutorial and documentation development, web site maintenance, Ottawa User's Group, OSGeo Journal News and Events Editor Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-web GRASS web site maintenance mailing list] [http://www.carleton.ca/~smitch http://www.carleton.ca/~smitch]

|}

== The following institutions are currently supporting the GRASS-Project ==

Please see our [http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/ GRASS sponsoring] page.

And a ''thank-you'' to:

* the many people who have contributed in the past
* the various users who have contributed bug reports and tested unstable GRASS versions;
* all the sites (and the people behind them) that provide mirrors for the GRASS web pages.

File:HuidaeCho.png

2020-08-15T03:17:35Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

Team

2019-12-24T21:42:26Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

The GRASS GIS project is an international team effort with scientists and developers participating from various fields. Below is a list of the current team.

All general queries concerning GRASS should be addressed to the respective [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists/ GRASS mailing lists]. If you miss yourself or somebody else on the lists below, please feel free to edit this Wiki page or send mail to the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list].
__TOC__
== Current contributors to the development of the GRASS code ==

In alphabetical order; see for example [http://www.ohloh.net/p/grass_gis/contributors here] for contribution statistics.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:left"
| width=200px | [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Anna Kratochvílová''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:benjamin.png|100px|center|center]]
| '''Benjamin Ducke''': extension manager, spatial statistics, archaeological applications, predictive modelling Location: Berlin, Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Glynn Clements''': core development, UK, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:hamish.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Hamish Bowman''': Development of display, PostScript, raster, and GPS modules as well as general sanitation of the code, help, and web pages. Location: Department of Marine Science, University of Otago. Dunedin, New Zealand mail: hamish_b AT yahoo com [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grassfiles http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grassfiles]

|-
| [[Image:helena.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Helena Mitasova''': surface and volume modeling and analysis (RST modules), topographic analysis, hydrologic and erosion modelling, assistance with visualization, working with students on new module development, testing, and bug fixing Location: Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ][http://www4.ncsu.edu/~hmitaso/ http://www4.ncsu.edu/~hmitaso/]

|-
| [[Image:hellik.png|100px|center]]
| '''Helmut Kudrnovsky''': [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/binary/mswindows/native/ winGRASS packaging],german translation, Austria, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Huidae Cho''': Hydrologic modeling (TOPMODEL modules), DXF modules, FreeType support, Korean translation. Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA mail: grass4u AT gmail com, IRC Nick: grass4u [http://idea.isnew.info https://idea.isnew.info]

|-
| [[Image:lucadelu.png|100px|center]]
| '''Luca Delucchi''': Python GRASS development (GUI and Modules), Documentation, Italian Translation, Location: Trento (Italy), mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Maris_nartiss.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''[[user:MarisN|Maris Nartiss]]''': Tcl/TK GUI development, Latvia, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Markus Metz''': GRASS 7 development, massive data processing, vector library, Italy + Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:markus.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Markus Neteler''': various contributions, coordination, main Web site and mailing lists maintenance, Location: Bonn, Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], IRC Nick: markusN [http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/ http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/]

|-
| [[Image:mlanda.png|100px|center]]
| '''Martin Landa''': various contributions, vector engine improvements, [[wxGUI]], Location: Prague, Czech Republic Mail: landa.martin AT gmail.com Homepage: [http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa]

|-
| [[Image:michael.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Michael Barton ''': GRASS native GUI development, Mac binaries, Location: Tempe, Arizona, USA mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ][http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/ http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Moritz Lennert''': display tools, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Nikos Alexandris''': tester, contributed add-ons, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Pietro Zambelli''': GRASS7 Python API (mainly pygrass), Location: Europe, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: ''

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Soeren Gebbert''': improvements of [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/ 3D functionality] mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
|
[[Image:Stefan.png|100px|center]]
| '''Stefan Blumentrath''': GRASS Python development, Oslo, NO, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list][https://www.nina.no/english/Contact/Employees/Employee-info?AnsattID=14230 NINA Oslo]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Stepan Turek''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Vaclav Petras''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''William Kyngesburye''': [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software:grass/ Mac OS X packaging], USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Yann Chemin''': image processing, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''''your name''': what-you-do, Location: xyz, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: ''

|}

== Former or currently inactive developers ==

(in alphabetical order)

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:left"
| width=200px | [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Bob Covill''' Role: visualization, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Brad Douglas''' Role: bug fixing, code portability, imagery modules Location: Fremont, California, USA, IRC Nick: bdouglas, mail: rez AT touchofmadness com

|-
| [[Image:cedric.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Cedric Shock''' Role: user interface enhancements, debugging Location: Eugene, Oregon, USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/ http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/]

|-
| [[Image:DaveSampson.png|100px|center]]
| '''Dave Sampson''' Role: tutorials, data sets & public data licensing, GRASS map gallery, Ottawa Chapter of OSGeo, Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, mail: samper.d at gmail dot com [http://davidsampson.ca/ http://davidsampson.ca]

|-
| [[Image:jachym.png|100px|center]]
| '''Jachym Cepicky''' Role: bug fixing, support of 3D vectors, tester and translator, UI developer, Czech Republic, mail: jachym.cepicky AT gmail.com [http://les-ejk.cz/ http://les-ejk.cz/]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Jaroslav Hofierka''' Role: development of modules for solar irradiation, flow routing, surface and volume modelling and analysis (RST modules), hydrologic and erosion modelling, assistance with visualization Location: Presov, Slovakia, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:maciek.png|100px|center]]
| '''Maciej Sieczka''' Role: power user, testing Location: Wroclaw, Poland, mail: msieczka AT sieczka.org [http://www.sieczka.org/ http://www.sieczka.org]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Marco Pasetti''' Role: Microsoft Windows native binary port of GRASS Location: Brescia, Italy, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/binary/mswindows/native/ WinGRASS Project Homepage]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Paul Kelly''' Role: Proj integration, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:radim.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Radim Blazek''' Role: DBMI, vector engine core developer, Location: Trento, Italy till 2006, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:scott.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Scott Mitchell''' Role: tutorial and documentation development, web site maintenance, Ottawa User's Group, OSGeo Journal News and Events Editor Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-web GRASS web site maintenance mailing list] [http://www.carleton.ca/~smitch http://www.carleton.ca/~smitch]

|}

== The following institutions are currently supporting the GRASS-Project ==

Please see our [http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/ GRASS sponsoring] page.

And a ''thank-you'' to:

* the many people who have contributed in the past
* the various users who have contributed bug reports and tested unstable GRASS versions;
* all the sites (and the people behind them) that provide mirrors for the GRASS web pages.

Support

2018-07-14T13:41:36Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Add Huidae Cho as a freelancer

== GRASS Community ==
{{toc|right}}
To reach the community, see [[GRASS Community]].

== Commercial support: Freelancers who offer GRASS Support ==

Seeking for a GRASS GIS programmer? Professional training? Want to hire a person with programming skills? Check out this freelancer list:



{| class="wikitable sortable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Competences
! scope="col" | Site
|-
| USA
| Seth Price <seth [at] pricepages.org>
| low-level raster processing, code optimization, OpenCL
| n/a
|-
| USA
| Huidae Cho <grass4u [at] gmail.com>
| Core GRASS developer, Hydrology
| https://idea.isnew.info
|-
| India
| Mohammed Rashad <rashadkm [at] gmail.com>
| Add/Maintain modules(Python and C), UI development
| n/a
|-
| Czech Republic
| Martin Landa <landa.martin [at] gmail.com>
| Core GRASS developer
| http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/gwiki/Landa
|-
| Germany
| Markus Neteler <neteler [at] mundialis.de>
| Core GRASS developer, remote sensing, Sentinel-2 processing, GIS analysis, modelling, professional training
| http://www.mundialis.de
|-
| France
| Yann Chemin <yann.chemin [at] gmail.com>
| Raster/remote sensing GRASS developer, scientific algorithm creation and implementation (including GPGPU/HPC), professional training
| N/A
|-
| Argentina
| Veronica Andreo <veroandreo [at] gmail.com>
| Remote sensing, GIS analysis, ecology, statistical modelling, professional training
| N/A
|-
| Greece
| Nikos Alexandris, Freelancer
| Remote Sensing, Data Analysis, Scripting (Bash, Python), Training
| http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Nikos_Alexandris
|-
| ... add yourself (freelancers here)
| ...
| ...
| ...
|}

== Commercial support: Companies and Institutions which offer GRASS Support ==



{| class="wikitable sortable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Competences
! scope="col" | Site
|-
| Canada
| TekMap Consulting
| Project management, Data analysis, Programming
| http://www.tekmap.ns.ca
|-
| Germany
| GDF Hannover
| Project management, Data analysis
| http://www.gdf-hannover.de
|-
| Germany
| Geoinformatik Büro Dassau
| Project management, Training, Data analysis, Programming
| http://www.gbd-consult.de
|-
| Italy
| PGIS unit at Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM)
| Project management, Data analysis, Programming
| http://gis.cri.fmach.it
|-
| Italy
| Gter srl
| Project management, Training, Data analysis, Programming
| http://www.gter.it
|-
| India
| Lab for Spatial Informatics
| Project management, Data analysis, Programming, Training
| http://lsi.iiit.ac.in
|-
| Latvia
| SunGIS
| Project management, Data analysis, Programming, Training
| http://www.sungis.lv
|-
| Czech Republic
| OpenGeoLabs
| Project management, Data analysis, Programming, Training
| http://www.opengeolabs.cz
|-
| ... add your company
| ...
| ...
| ...
|}

* See also the [http://www.osgeo.org/search_profile OSGeo Commercial Service Providers Index] (and those which are [http://www.osgeo.org/search_profile?SET=1&MUL_TECH%5B%5D=00015 GRASS-specific])

[[Category: Development]]
[[Category: FAQ]]

Hydrological Sciences

2018-06-28T02:50:46Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Flow calculation */

== Tutorials ==

* [[Creating watersheds]]
* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/?p=241 Watershed Analysis with GRASS]
* [[R.basin]]
* [[R.stream.* modules]]

== Flow calculation ==

* {{cmd|r.carve}}: Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster and subtracts depth from the output DEM.
* {{cmd|r.drain}}: Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map.
* {{cmd|r.fillnulls}}: Fills no-data areas in raster maps using v.surf.rst splines interpolation
* {{cmd|r.fill.dir}}: Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation layer.
* {{cmd|r.flow}}: Construction of slope curves (flowlines), flowpath lengths, and flowline densities (upslope areas) from a raster digital elevation model (DEM)
* {{cmd|r.topidx}}: Creates topographic index [ln(a/tan(beta))] map from elevation map (topographic wetness index).
* {{cmd|r.terraflow}}: Flow computation for massive grids.
* {{AddonCmd|v.breach|version=64}}: Creates vector maps of lines and points of continuously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.
* {{AddonCmd|r.traveltime}}: Computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.lfp}}: Calculates the longest flow path.
* {{AddonCmd|r.accumulate}}: Calculates weighted flow accumulation, stream networks, and the longest flow path using a flow direction map.

== Groundwater flow ==

* {{cmd|r.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
* {{cmd|r3.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions. See also [[Voxel]].

Note: for the correct computation of tasks using {{cmd|r.gwflow}}, see the testsuite scripts [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_7x7_grid.py validation_7x7_grid.py] and [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_excavation.py validation_excavation.py]. Please be aware, that r.gwflow is a very simple groundwater computation tool. Many steps in groundwater modelling must be performed outside of r.gwflow, like calibration, temporally changing of boundary conditions, weather conditions and so on.

AGU Poster as an example: http://www.urbanmetabolism.asia/sites/default/files/mehta_etal_aguposter2_48x36_horz.pdf

== Hydrological models ==
* [https://www.itzi.org/ Itzï] - a dynamic, fully distributed hydrologic and hydraulic model that simulates 2D surface flows on a regular raster grid using simplified shallow water equations. It uses GRASS GIS as a back-end for reading entry data and writing results.
* {{cmd|r.topmodel}}: Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrological model.
** How to run r.topmodel: [http://idea.isnew.info/r.topmodel.html tutorial]
* [[GRASS_AddOns#HydroFOSS|HydroFOSS]]: A distributed, physically based hydrological model.
* [http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/software/swat-model/swat981-interfaces SWAT]: a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds.
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/hydrology/ r.water.fea] is an interactive program that allows the user to simulate storm water runoff analysis using the finite element numerical technique. Infiltration is calculated using the Green and Ampt formulation. r.water.fea computes and draws hydrographs for every basin as well as at stream junctions in an analysis area. It also draws animation maps at the basin level. The software is available within GRASS 4.x/5.x.
* [[GRASS_AddOns#GIPE|GIPE]]: The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models. (r.hydro.CASC2D - a physically-based, distributed, raster hydrological model which simulates the hydrological response of a watershed subject to a given rainfall field - is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS)

== Sediment modules ==
* {{cmd|r.sim.sediment}}: Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)

== Stream modules ==

For an overview, see [[R.stream.*]].

In GRASS 7:

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins}}: Delineates basins according stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.channel}}: Calculates local parameters for individual streams.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance}}: Calculates distance to and elevation above streams and outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order}}: Calculates Strahler's and more streams hierarchy.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.segment}}: Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.slope}}: Calculates local parameters for slope subsystem.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.snap}}: Snap point to modelled stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats}}: Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.

In GRASS 6 (old stable):

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.angle|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins|version=64}}: Calculate basins according user input.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.del|version=64}}: Calculates downslope length of first order streams and delete them if it length (in pixels) is lower than the treeshold.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance|version=64}}: Calculate distance to and elevation above streams and outlets according user input. It can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.extract|version=64}}: Stream network extraction. It produces a vector network with the direction of the vector lines corresponding to the flow direction.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order|version=64}}: Calculate Strahler's and Horton's stream order Hack's main streams and Shreeve's stream magnitude. It uses r.watershed or r.stream.extract output files: stream, direction and optionally accumulation. Output data can be either from r.watershed or r.stream.extract but not from both together.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.pos|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats|version=64}}: Calculate Horton's and optionally Hack's statistics according to user input.

== Watershed modules ==

* {{cmd|r.basins.fill}}: Generates a raster map layer showing watershed subbasins.
* {{cmd|r.water.outlet}}: Generates a watershed basin from a drainage direction map (from r.watershed) and a set of coordinates representing the outlet point of watershed.
* {{cmd|r.watershed}}: Watershed basin analysis program.
* {{cmd|r.lake}}: Fills a lake to a target water level from a given start point.
* {{AddonCmd|r.basin}}: Generates the main morphometric parameters of the basin. Here a [[R.basin|tutorial]]
* {{AddonCmd|r.threshold}}: Finds a first tentative value of upslope area to be used as input to extract the river network using r.stream.extract or r.watershed.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hydrodem}}: Applies hydrological conditioning (sink removal) to a required input elevation map.

[[Image:Flowacc_nviz.png|center|thumb|640px|Flow accumulation with Multiple Flow Directions (using{{cmd|r.watershed}}, North Carolina sample dataset)]]

== Flooding areas ==

* {{cmd|r.sim.water}}: Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)
* [[AddOns/GRASS_6#r.inund.fluv|r.inund.fluv]]: Allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hazard.flood}}: Is an implementation of a fast procedure to detect flood prone areas. It may help in the delineation of flood prone areas especially in basins with marked topography. The use of the modified topographic index should not be considered as an alternative to standard hydrological-hydraulic simulations for flood mapping, but may represent a tool for a preliminary delineation of flooding areas.

== User hints ==

=== Sink filling: why not needed in GRASS GIS ===

Traditionally, contour lines created by land surveying provided more detail than available DEMs. Nowadays (e.g., since SRTM of 2001), DEMs provide more detail than contour lines and contour lines are meanwhile derived from a DEM. Therefore creating a DEM from contour lines which (if in doubt) have been created using a DEM is no longer recommended, rather use any DEM instead.

'''Remarks on altering a DEM by filling sinks''':

The ArcGIS reference for sink filling is Goodchild and Mark (1987), ignoring the literature of the past 27+ years. According to the [http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.1/index.html#//009z0000007m000000 ArcGIS 10 documentation, "The program assumes that all unidentified sinks are errors"].

Identified sinks are those supplied by the user. Unfortunately for ArcGIS, unidentified sinks are not errors but usually true terrain elevation, particularly in the year 1987 when LIDAR was not yet available and DEMs were derived from radar. That means that the elevation values surrounding sinks are erroneous rather than the sinks themselves. Two (of several) methods to deal with sinks in a more realistic way are the minimum impact approach of Lindsay & Creed (2005) which alters the DEM (implemented in GRASS as [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.hydrodem/ r.hydrodem] Addon) and {{cmd|r.watershed}} which does not alter the DEM.

In short, you should carefully choose your hydrological software (e.g., RiverTools/Whitebox/TauDEM/GRASS GIS).

== See also ==

* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/flow-direction-from-grass-to-arcgis/ Flow Directions from GRASS to ArcGIS]

== References ==

* Bhowmik, AK, Metz, M. and Schäfer RB, 2014: Reproducible, Automated and Objective Stream Threshold Selection and Upstream Riparian Corridor Delineation from Digital Elevation Models ([http://semanticommunity.info/@api/deki/files/30406/4321a043.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2009: Fast Stream Extraction from Large, Radar-Based Elevation Models with Variable Level of Detail ([http://www.geomorphometry.org/system/files/metz2009geomorphometry.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2010: Accurate stream extraction from large, radar-based elevation models ([http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/3213/2010/hessd-7-3213-2010.pdf PDF])
* J Jasiewicz, M Metz, 2011: A new GRASS GIS toolkit for Hortonian analysis of drainage networks, Computers & Geosciences. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.03.003 DOI]
* Di Leo M., Di Stefano M., Claps P., Sole A., Caratterizzazione morfometrica del bacino idrografico in GRASS GIS, Geomatics Workbooks n.9, 2010 (89-100). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n9/GW9-FOSS4Git_2010.pdf PDF]). (In Italian)
* Di Leo M., Manfreda S., Fiorentino M., An automated procedure for the detection of flood prone areas: r.hazard.flood, Geomatics Workbooks n.10, 2011 (83-89). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n10/GW10-FOSS4Git_2011.pdf PDF]).
* Manfreda S., Di Leo M., Sole A., 2011: Detection of Flood Prone Areas using Digital Elevation Models, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, (10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000367).

[[Category: Applications]]
[[Category: Documentation]]
[[Category: Hydrology]]

Hydrological Sciences

2018-06-23T17:45:34Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Flow calculation */ Add r.accumulate

== Tutorials ==

* [[Creating watersheds]]
* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/?p=241 Watershed Analysis with GRASS]
* [[R.basin]]
* [[R.stream.* modules]]

== Flow calculation ==

* {{cmd|r.carve}}: Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster and subtracts depth from the output DEM.
* {{cmd|r.drain}}: Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map.
* {{cmd|r.fillnulls}}: Fills no-data areas in raster maps using v.surf.rst splines interpolation
* {{cmd|r.fill.dir}}: Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation layer.
* {{cmd|r.flow}}: Construction of slope curves (flowlines), flowpath lengths, and flowline densities (upslope areas) from a raster digital elevation model (DEM)
* {{cmd|r.topidx}}: Creates topographic index [ln(a/tan(beta))] map from elevation map (topographic wetness index).
* {{cmd|r.terraflow}}: Flow computation for massive grids.
* {{AddonCmd|v.breach|version=64}}: Creates vector maps of lines and points of continuously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.
* {{AddonCmd|r.traveltime}}: Computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.lfp}}: Calculates the longest flow path.
* {{AddonCmd|r.accumulate}}: Calculates weighted flow accumulation using a flow direction map.

== Groundwater flow ==

* {{cmd|r.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
* {{cmd|r3.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions. See also [[Voxel]].

Note: for the correct computation of tasks using {{cmd|r.gwflow}}, see the testsuite scripts [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_7x7_grid.py validation_7x7_grid.py] and [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_excavation.py validation_excavation.py]. Please be aware, that r.gwflow is a very simple groundwater computation tool. Many steps in groundwater modelling must be performed outside of r.gwflow, like calibration, temporally changing of boundary conditions, weather conditions and so on.

AGU Poster as an example: http://www.urbanmetabolism.asia/sites/default/files/mehta_etal_aguposter2_48x36_horz.pdf

== Hydrological models ==
* [https://www.itzi.org/ Itzï] - a dynamic, fully distributed hydrologic and hydraulic model that simulates 2D surface flows on a regular raster grid using simplified shallow water equations. It uses GRASS GIS as a back-end for reading entry data and writing results.
* {{cmd|r.topmodel}}: Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrological model.
** How to run r.topmodel: [http://idea.isnew.info/r.topmodel.html tutorial]
* [[GRASS_AddOns#HydroFOSS|HydroFOSS]]: A distributed, physically based hydrological model.
* [http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/software/swat-model/swat981-interfaces SWAT]: a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds.
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/hydrology/ r.water.fea] is an interactive program that allows the user to simulate storm water runoff analysis using the finite element numerical technique. Infiltration is calculated using the Green and Ampt formulation. r.water.fea computes and draws hydrographs for every basin as well as at stream junctions in an analysis area. It also draws animation maps at the basin level. The software is available within GRASS 4.x/5.x.
* [[GRASS_AddOns#GIPE|GIPE]]: The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models. (r.hydro.CASC2D - a physically-based, distributed, raster hydrological model which simulates the hydrological response of a watershed subject to a given rainfall field - is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS)

== Sediment modules ==
* {{cmd|r.sim.sediment}}: Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)

== Stream modules ==

For an overview, see [[R.stream.*]].

In GRASS 7:

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins}}: Delineates basins according stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.channel}}: Calculates local parameters for individual streams.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance}}: Calculates distance to and elevation above streams and outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order}}: Calculates Strahler's and more streams hierarchy.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.segment}}: Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.slope}}: Calculates local parameters for slope subsystem.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.snap}}: Snap point to modelled stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats}}: Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.

In GRASS 6 (old stable):

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.angle|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins|version=64}}: Calculate basins according user input.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.del|version=64}}: Calculates downslope length of first order streams and delete them if it length (in pixels) is lower than the treeshold.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance|version=64}}: Calculate distance to and elevation above streams and outlets according user input. It can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.extract|version=64}}: Stream network extraction. It produces a vector network with the direction of the vector lines corresponding to the flow direction.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order|version=64}}: Calculate Strahler's and Horton's stream order Hack's main streams and Shreeve's stream magnitude. It uses r.watershed or r.stream.extract output files: stream, direction and optionally accumulation. Output data can be either from r.watershed or r.stream.extract but not from both together.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.pos|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats|version=64}}: Calculate Horton's and optionally Hack's statistics according to user input.

== Watershed modules ==

* {{cmd|r.basins.fill}}: Generates a raster map layer showing watershed subbasins.
* {{cmd|r.water.outlet}}: Generates a watershed basin from a drainage direction map (from r.watershed) and a set of coordinates representing the outlet point of watershed.
* {{cmd|r.watershed}}: Watershed basin analysis program.
* {{cmd|r.lake}}: Fills a lake to a target water level from a given start point.
* {{AddonCmd|r.basin}}: Generates the main morphometric parameters of the basin. Here a [[R.basin|tutorial]]
* {{AddonCmd|r.threshold}}: Finds a first tentative value of upslope area to be used as input to extract the river network using r.stream.extract or r.watershed.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hydrodem}}: Applies hydrological conditioning (sink removal) to a required input elevation map.

[[Image:Flowacc_nviz.png|center|thumb|640px|Flow accumulation with Multiple Flow Directions (using{{cmd|r.watershed}}, North Carolina sample dataset)]]

== Flooding areas ==

* {{cmd|r.sim.water}}: Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)
* [[AddOns/GRASS_6#r.inund.fluv|r.inund.fluv]]: Allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hazard.flood}}: Is an implementation of a fast procedure to detect flood prone areas. It may help in the delineation of flood prone areas especially in basins with marked topography. The use of the modified topographic index should not be considered as an alternative to standard hydrological-hydraulic simulations for flood mapping, but may represent a tool for a preliminary delineation of flooding areas.

== User hints ==

=== Sink filling: why not needed in GRASS GIS ===

Traditionally, contour lines created by land surveying provided more detail than available DEMs. Nowadays (e.g., since SRTM of 2001), DEMs provide more detail than contour lines and contour lines are meanwhile derived from a DEM. Therefore creating a DEM from contour lines which (if in doubt) have been created using a DEM is no longer recommended, rather use any DEM instead.

'''Remarks on altering a DEM by filling sinks''':

The ArcGIS reference for sink filling is Goodchild and Mark (1987), ignoring the literature of the past 27+ years. According to the [http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.1/index.html#//009z0000007m000000 ArcGIS 10 documentation, "The program assumes that all unidentified sinks are errors"].

Identified sinks are those supplied by the user. Unfortunately for ArcGIS, unidentified sinks are not errors but usually true terrain elevation, particularly in the year 1987 when LIDAR was not yet available and DEMs were derived from radar. That means that the elevation values surrounding sinks are erroneous rather than the sinks themselves. Two (of several) methods to deal with sinks in a more realistic way are the minimum impact approach of Lindsay & Creed (2005) which alters the DEM (implemented in GRASS as [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.hydrodem/ r.hydrodem] Addon) and {{cmd|r.watershed}} which does not alter the DEM.

In short, you should carefully choose your hydrological software (e.g., RiverTools/Whitebox/TauDEM/GRASS GIS).

== See also ==

* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/flow-direction-from-grass-to-arcgis/ Flow Directions from GRASS to ArcGIS]

== References ==

* Bhowmik, AK, Metz, M. and Schäfer RB, 2014: Reproducible, Automated and Objective Stream Threshold Selection and Upstream Riparian Corridor Delineation from Digital Elevation Models ([http://semanticommunity.info/@api/deki/files/30406/4321a043.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2009: Fast Stream Extraction from Large, Radar-Based Elevation Models with Variable Level of Detail ([http://www.geomorphometry.org/system/files/metz2009geomorphometry.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2010: Accurate stream extraction from large, radar-based elevation models ([http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/3213/2010/hessd-7-3213-2010.pdf PDF])
* J Jasiewicz, M Metz, 2011: A new GRASS GIS toolkit for Hortonian analysis of drainage networks, Computers & Geosciences. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.03.003 DOI]
* Di Leo M., Di Stefano M., Claps P., Sole A., Caratterizzazione morfometrica del bacino idrografico in GRASS GIS, Geomatics Workbooks n.9, 2010 (89-100). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n9/GW9-FOSS4Git_2010.pdf PDF]). (In Italian)
* Di Leo M., Manfreda S., Fiorentino M., An automated procedure for the detection of flood prone areas: r.hazard.flood, Geomatics Workbooks n.10, 2011 (83-89). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n10/GW10-FOSS4Git_2011.pdf PDF]).
* Manfreda S., Di Leo M., Sole A., 2011: Detection of Flood Prone Areas using Digital Elevation Models, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, (10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000367).

[[Category: Applications]]
[[Category: Documentation]]
[[Category: Hydrology]]

Hydrological Sciences

2016-08-18T13:53:59Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Hydrological models */

== Tutorials ==

* [[Creating watersheds]]
* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/?p=241 Watershed Analysis with GRASS]
* [[R.basin]]
* [[R.stream.* modules]]

== Flow calculation ==

* {{cmd|r.carve}}: Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster and subtracts depth from the output DEM.
* {{cmd|r.drain}}: Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map.
* {{cmd|r.fillnulls}}: Fills no-data areas in raster maps using v.surf.rst splines interpolation
* {{cmd|r.fill.dir}}: Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation layer.
* {{cmd|r.flow}}: Construction of slope curves (flowlines), flowpath lengths, and flowline densities (upslope areas) from a raster digital elevation model (DEM)
* {{cmd|r.topidx}}: Creates topographic index [ln(a/tan(beta))] map from elevation map (topographic wetness index).
* {{cmd|r.terraflow}}: Flow computation for massive grids.
* {{AddonCmd|v.breach|version=64}}: Creates vector maps of lines and points of continuously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.
* {{AddonCmd|r.traveltime}}: Computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.lfp}}: Calculates the longest flow path.

== Groundwater flow ==

* {{cmd|r.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
* {{cmd|r3.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions. See also [[Voxel]].

Note: for the correct computation of tasks using {{cmd|r.gwflow}}, see the testsuite scripts [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_7x7_grid.py validation_7x7_grid.py] and [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_excavation.py validation_excavation.py]. Please be aware, that r.gwflow is a very simple groundwater computation tool. Many steps in groundwater modelling must be performed outside of r.gwflow, like calibration, temporally changing of boundary conditions, weather conditions and so on.

AGU Poster as an example: http://www.urbanmetabolism.asia/sites/default/files/mehta_etal_aguposter2_48x36_horz.pdf

== Hydrological models ==
* {{cmd|r.topmodel}}: Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrological model.
** How to run r.topmodel: [http://idea.isnew.info/r.topmodel.html tutorial]
* [[GRASS_AddOns#HydroFOSS|HydroFOSS]]: A distributed, physically based hydrological model.
* [http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/software/swat-model/swat981-interfaces SWAT]: a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds.
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/hydrology/ r.water.fea] is an interactive program that allows the user to simulate storm water runoff analysis using the finite element numerical technique. Infiltration is calculated using the Green and Ampt formulation. r.water.fea computes and draws hydrographs for every basin as well as at stream junctions in an analysis area. It also draws animation maps at the basin level. The software is available within GRASS 4.x/5.x.
* [[GRASS_AddOns#GIPE|GIPE]]: The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models. (r.hydro.CASC2D - a physically-based, distributed, raster hydrological model which simulates the hydrological response of a watershed subject to a given rainfall field - is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS)

== Sediment modules ==
* {{cmd|r.sim.sediment}}: Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)

== Stream modules ==

For an overview, see [[R.stream.*]].

In GRASS 7:

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins}}: Delineates basins according stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.channel}}: Calculates local parameters for individual streams.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance}}: Calculates distance to and elevation above streams and outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order}}: Calculates Strahler's and more streams hierarchy.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.segment}}: Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.slope}}: Calculates local parameters for slope subsystem.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.snap}}: Snap point to modelled stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats}}: Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.

In GRASS 6 (old stable):

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.angle|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins|version=64}}: Calculate basins according user input.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.del|version=64}}: Calculates downslope length of first order streams and delete them if it length (in pixels) is lower than the treeshold.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance|version=64}}: Calculate distance to and elevation above streams and outlets according user input. It can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.extract|version=64}}: Stream network extraction. It produces a vector network with the direction of the vector lines corresponding to the flow direction.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order|version=64}}: Calculate Strahler's and Horton's stream order Hack's main streams and Shreeve's stream magnitude. It uses r.watershed or r.stream.extract output files: stream, direction and optionally accumulation. Output data can be either from r.watershed or r.stream.extract but not from both together.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.pos|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats|version=64}}: Calculate Horton's and optionally Hack's statistics according to user input.

== Watershed modules ==

* {{cmd|r.basins.fill}}: Generates a raster map layer showing watershed subbasins.
* {{cmd|r.water.outlet}}: Generates a watershed basin from a drainage direction map (from r.watershed) and a set of coordinates representing the outlet point of watershed.
* {{cmd|r.watershed}}: Watershed basin analysis program.
* {{cmd|r.lake}}: Fills a lake to a target water level from a given start point.
* {{AddonCmd|r.basin}}: Generates the main morphometric parameters of the basin. Here a [[R.basin|tutorial]]
* {{AddonCmd|r.threshold}}: Finds a first tentative value of upslope area to be used as input to extract the river network using r.stream.extract or r.watershed.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hydrodem}}: Applies hydrological conditioning (sink removal) to a required input elevation map.

[[Image:Flowacc_nviz.png|center|thumb|640px|Flow accumulation with Multiple Flow Directions (using{{cmd|r.watershed}}, North Carolina sample dataset)]]

== Flooding areas ==

* {{cmd|r.sim.water}}: Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)
* [[AddOns/GRASS_6#r.inund.fluv|r.inund.fluv]]: Allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hazard.flood}}: Is an implementation of a fast procedure to detect flood prone areas. It may help in the delineation of flood prone areas especially in basins with marked topography. The use of the modified topographic index should not be considered as an alternative to standard hydrological-hydraulic simulations for flood mapping, but may represent a tool for a preliminary delineation of flooding areas.

== User hints ==

=== Sink filling: why not needed in GRASS GIS ===

Traditionally, contour lines created by land surveying provided more detail than available DEMs. Nowadays (e.g., since SRTM of 2001), DEMs provide more detail than contour lines and contour lines are meanwhile derived from a DEM. Therefore creating a DEM from contour lines which (if in doubt) have been created using a DEM is no longer recommended, rather use any DEM instead.

'''Remarks on altering a DEM by filling sinks''':

The ArcGIS reference for sink filling is Goodchild and Mark (1987), ignoring the literature of the past 27+ years. According to the [http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.1/index.html#//009z0000007m000000 ArcGIS 10 documentation, "The program assumes that all unidentified sinks are errors"].

Identified sinks are those supplied by the user. Unfortunately for ArcGIS, unidentified sinks are not errors but usually true terrain elevation, particularly in the year 1987 when LIDAR was not yet available and DEMs were derived from radar. That means that the elevation values surrounding sinks are erroneous rather than the sinks themselves. Two (of several) methods to deal with sinks in a more realistic way are the minimum impact approach of Lindsay & Creed (2005) which alters the DEM (implemented in GRASS as [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.hydrodem/ r.hydrodem] Addon) and {{cmd|r.watershed}} which does not alter the DEM.

In short, you should carefully choose your hydrological software (e.g., RiverTools/Whitebox/TauDEM/GRASS GIS).

== See also ==

* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/flow-direction-from-grass-to-arcgis/ Flow Directions from GRASS to ArcGIS]

== References ==

* Bhowmik, AK, Metz, M. and Schäfer RB, 2014: Reproducible, Automated and Objective Stream Threshold Selection and Upstream Riparian Corridor Delineation from Digital Elevation Models ([http://semanticommunity.info/@api/deki/files/30406/4321a043.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2009: Fast Stream Extraction from Large, Radar-Based Elevation Models with Variable Level of Detail ([http://www.geomorphometry.org/system/files/metz2009geomorphometry.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2010: Accurate stream extraction from large, radar-based elevation models ([http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/3213/2010/hessd-7-3213-2010.pdf PDF])
* J Jasiewicz, M Metz, 2011: A new GRASS GIS toolkit for Hortonian analysis of drainage networks, Computers & Geosciences. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.03.003 DOI]
* Di Leo M., Di Stefano M., Claps P., Sole A., Caratterizzazione morfometrica del bacino idrografico in GRASS GIS, Geomatics Workbooks n.9, 2010 (89-100). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n9/GW9-FOSS4Git_2010.pdf PDF]). (In Italian)
* Di Leo M., Manfreda S., Fiorentino M., An automated procedure for the detection of flood prone areas: r.hazard.flood, Geomatics Workbooks n.10, 2011 (83-89). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n10/GW10-FOSS4Git_2011.pdf PDF]).
* Manfreda S., Di Leo M., Sole A., 2011: Detection of Flood Prone Areas using Digital Elevation Models, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, (10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000367).

[[Category: Applications]]
[[Category: Documentation]]
[[Category: Hydrology]]

GRASS and MapServer

2016-08-15T20:42:31Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

==GRASS maps from mapfiles==

MapServer needs a mapfile containing the information, how to create the maps. Examples of these can be found, so here you'll find GRASS specific information.

==Raster Maps==

A short example of a layer definition to access a GRASS raster:

<pre>
LAYER
NAME "Example"
TYPE RASTER
STATUS ON
DATA "/path/to/grassdb/location/mapset/cellhd/example"
CLASS NAME "Example" # You need to have a class definition in the layer
END
END
</pre>

Notes:

* The rasters are limited to values from 0 to 255, the values over this are interpreted as 255. Rescale (<code>r.rescale</code>) your maps when necessary.
* You really need to have a CLASS in your layer, otherwise no data will be shown. An empty class is quite fine to show the whole map.

See the [[Color tables]] wiki page for more on exporting raster color tables as SLD XML rules using the {{AddonCmd|r.colors.out_sld}} addon script.

==Vector Maps==

A short example of a layer definition to access a GRASS vector:

<pre>
LAYER
NAME "Example"
TYPE LINE
STATUS ON
CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
CONNECTION "/path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/example/head"
DATA "1" # Layer number
CLASS # You need to have a class definition; otherwise nothing is shown on the map
NAME "Example"
COLOR 155 155 0
END
END
</pre>

Notes:

* You need to have GDAL with OGR and GRASS support for this to work. Note, that in this [http://grass.itc.it/start.html example] the maps are first exported to shapefiles. This is no longer necessary, as the maps can be accessed directly with OGR.
* Usually GRASS layers have no names and the layer number is used in DATA. However, it is possible that they do have names. This can happen for example when importing files with v.in.dxf, as the module keeps the dxf-file layer names and stores them into the GRASS vector. The layer names, if such there are, can be found in <tt>/path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/vectorname/dbln</tt>, or with <code>ogrinfo -ro /path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/vectorname/dbln</code>. Why this is so important is because if there are layer names defined, these layers cannot be accessed through the layer number with OGR. They ''have'' to be accessed through the layer name.

==Examples and useful links==

* [http://grass.itc.it/start.html Example] of GRASS with MapServer.
* [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu UMN Mapserver homepage]
* [http://idea.isnew.info/how-to-set-up-mapserver-with-grass-gis-support.html How to set up MapServer with GRASS GIS support]

[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Web Servers]]

Hydrological Sciences

2016-07-13T15:35:07Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Flow calculation */

== Tutorials ==

* [[Creating watersheds]]
* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/?p=241 Watershed Analysis with GRASS]
* [[R.basin]]
* [[R.stream.* modules]]

== Flow calculation ==

* {{cmd|r.carve}}: Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster and subtracts depth from the output DEM.
* {{cmd|r.drain}}: Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map.
* {{cmd|r.fillnulls}}: Fills no-data areas in raster maps using v.surf.rst splines interpolation
* {{cmd|r.fill.dir}}: Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation layer.
* {{cmd|r.flow}}: Construction of slope curves (flowlines), flowpath lengths, and flowline densities (upslope areas) from a raster digital elevation model (DEM)
* {{cmd|r.topidx}}: Creates topographic index [ln(a/tan(beta))] map from elevation map (topographic wetness index).
* {{cmd|r.terraflow}}: Flow computation for massive grids.
* {{AddonCmd|v.breach|version=64}}: Creates vector maps of lines and points of continuously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.
* {{AddonCmd|r.traveltime}}: Computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.lfp}}: Calculates the longest flow path.

== Groundwater flow ==

* {{cmd|r.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
* {{cmd|r3.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions. See also [[Voxel]].

Note: for the correct computation of tasks using {{cmd|r.gwflow}}, see the testsuite scripts [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_7x7_grid.py validation_7x7_grid.py] and [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_excavation.py validation_excavation.py]. Please be aware, that r.gwflow is a very simple groundwater computation tool. Many steps in groundwater modelling must be performed outside of r.gwflow, like calibration, temporally changing of boundary conditions, weather conditions and so on.

AGU Poster as an example: http://www.urbanmetabolism.asia/sites/default/files/mehta_etal_aguposter2_48x36_horz.pdf

== Hydrological models ==
* {{cmd|r.topmodel}}: Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrological model.
** How to run r.topmodel: [http://idea.isnew.info/r.topmodel tutorial]
* [[GRASS_AddOns#HydroFOSS|HydroFOSS]]: A distributed, physically based hydrological model.
* [http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/software/swat-model/swat981-interfaces SWAT]: a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds.
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/hydrology/ r.water.fea] is an interactive program that allows the user to simulate storm water runoff analysis using the finite element numerical technique. Infiltration is calculated using the Green and Ampt formulation. r.water.fea computes and draws hydrographs for every basin as well as at stream junctions in an analysis area. It also draws animation maps at the basin level. The software is available within GRASS 4.x/5.x.
* [[GRASS_AddOns#GIPE|GIPE]]: The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models. (r.hydro.CASC2D - a physically-based, distributed, raster hydrological model which simulates the hydrological response of a watershed subject to a given rainfall field - is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS)

== Sediment modules ==
* {{cmd|r.sim.sediment}}: Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)

== Stream modules ==

For an overview, see [[R.stream.*]].

In GRASS 7:

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins}}: Delineates basins according stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.channel}}: Calculates local parameters for individual streams.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance}}: Calculates distance to and elevation above streams and outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order}}: Calculates Strahler's and more streams hierarchy.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.segment}}: Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.slope}}: Calculates local parameters for slope subsystem.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.snap}}: Snap point to modelled stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats}}: Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.

In GRASS 6 (old stable):

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.angle|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins|version=64}}: Calculate basins according user input.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.del|version=64}}: Calculates downslope length of first order streams and delete them if it length (in pixels) is lower than the treeshold.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance|version=64}}: Calculate distance to and elevation above streams and outlets according user input. It can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.extract|version=64}}: Stream network extraction. It produces a vector network with the direction of the vector lines corresponding to the flow direction.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order|version=64}}: Calculate Strahler's and Horton's stream order Hack's main streams and Shreeve's stream magnitude. It uses r.watershed or r.stream.extract output files: stream, direction and optionally accumulation. Output data can be either from r.watershed or r.stream.extract but not from both together.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.pos|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats|version=64}}: Calculate Horton's and optionally Hack's statistics according to user input.

== Watershed modules ==

* {{cmd|r.basins.fill}}: Generates a raster map layer showing watershed subbasins.
* {{cmd|r.water.outlet}}: Generates a watershed basin from a drainage direction map (from r.watershed) and a set of coordinates representing the outlet point of watershed.
* {{cmd|r.watershed}}: Watershed basin analysis program.
* {{cmd|r.lake}}: Fills a lake to a target water level from a given start point.
* {{AddonCmd|r.basin}}: Generates the main morphometric parameters of the basin. Here a [[R.basin|tutorial]]
* {{AddonCmd|r.threshold}}: Finds a first tentative value of upslope area to be used as input to extract the river network using r.stream.extract or r.watershed.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hydrodem}}: Applies hydrological conditioning (sink removal) to a required input elevation map.

[[Image:Flowacc_nviz.png|center|thumb|640px|Flow accumulation with Multiple Flow Directions (using{{cmd|r.watershed}}, North Carolina sample dataset)]]

== Flooding areas ==

* {{cmd|r.sim.water}}: Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)
* [[AddOns/GRASS_6#r.inund.fluv|r.inund.fluv]]: Allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hazard.flood}}: Is an implementation of a fast procedure to detect flood prone areas. It may help in the delineation of flood prone areas especially in basins with marked topography. The use of the modified topographic index should not be considered as an alternative to standard hydrological-hydraulic simulations for flood mapping, but may represent a tool for a preliminary delineation of flooding areas.

== User hints ==

=== Sink filling: why not needed in GRASS GIS ===

Traditionally, contour lines created by land surveying provided more detail than available DEMs. Nowadays (e.g., since SRTM of 2001), DEMs provide more detail than contour lines and contour lines are meanwhile derived from a DEM. Therefore creating a DEM from contour lines which (if in doubt) have been created using a DEM is no longer recommended, rather use any DEM instead.

'''Remarks on altering a DEM by filling sinks''':

The ArcGIS reference for sink filling is Goodchild and Mark (1987), ignoring the literature of the past 27+ years. According to the [http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.1/index.html#//009z0000007m000000 ArcGIS 10 documentation, "The program assumes that all unidentified sinks are errors"].

Identified sinks are those supplied by the user. Unfortunately for ArcGIS, unidentified sinks are not errors but usually true terrain elevation, particularly in the year 1987 when LIDAR was not yet available and DEMs were derived from radar. That means that the elevation values surrounding sinks are erroneous rather than the sinks themselves. Two (of several) methods to deal with sinks in a more realistic way are the minimum impact approach of Lindsay & Creed (2005) which alters the DEM (implemented in GRASS as [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.hydrodem/ r.hydrodem] Addon) and {{cmd|r.watershed}} which does not alter the DEM.

In short, you should carefully choose your hydrological software (e.g., RiverTools/Whitebox/TauDEM/GRASS GIS).

== See also ==

* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/flow-direction-from-grass-to-arcgis/ Flow Directions from GRASS to ArcGIS]

== References ==

* Bhowmik, AK, Metz, M. and Schäfer RB, 2014: Reproducible, Automated and Objective Stream Threshold Selection and Upstream Riparian Corridor Delineation from Digital Elevation Models ([http://semanticommunity.info/@api/deki/files/30406/4321a043.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2009: Fast Stream Extraction from Large, Radar-Based Elevation Models with Variable Level of Detail ([http://www.geomorphometry.org/system/files/metz2009geomorphometry.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2010: Accurate stream extraction from large, radar-based elevation models ([http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/3213/2010/hessd-7-3213-2010.pdf PDF])
* J Jasiewicz, M Metz, 2011: A new GRASS GIS toolkit for Hortonian analysis of drainage networks, Computers & Geosciences. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.03.003 DOI]
* Di Leo M., Di Stefano M., Claps P., Sole A., Caratterizzazione morfometrica del bacino idrografico in GRASS GIS, Geomatics Workbooks n.9, 2010 (89-100). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n9/GW9-FOSS4Git_2010.pdf PDF]). (In Italian)
* Di Leo M., Manfreda S., Fiorentino M., An automated procedure for the detection of flood prone areas: r.hazard.flood, Geomatics Workbooks n.10, 2011 (83-89). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n10/GW10-FOSS4Git_2011.pdf PDF]).
* Manfreda S., Di Leo M., Sole A., 2011: Detection of Flood Prone Areas using Digital Elevation Models, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, (10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000367).

[[Category: Applications]]
[[Category: Documentation]]
[[Category: Hydrology]]

Hydrological Sciences

2016-07-13T15:32:48Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

== Tutorials ==

* [[Creating watersheds]]
* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/?p=241 Watershed Analysis with GRASS]
* [[R.basin]]
* [[R.stream.* modules]]

== Flow calculation ==

* {{cmd|r.carve}}: Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster and subtracts depth from the output DEM.
* {{cmd|r.drain}}: Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map.
* {{cmd|r.fillnulls}}: Fills no-data areas in raster maps using v.surf.rst splines interpolation
* {{cmd|r.fill.dir}}: Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation layer.
* {{cmd|r.flow}}: Construction of slope curves (flowlines), flowpath lengths, and flowline densities (upslope areas) from a raster digital elevation model (DEM)
* {{cmd|r.topidx}}: Creates topographic index [ln(a/tan(beta))] map from elevation map (topographic wetness index).
* {{cmd|r.terraflow}}: Flow computation for massive grids.
* {{AddonCmd|v.breach|version=64}}: Creates vector maps of lines and points of continuously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.
* {{AddonCmd|r.traveltime}}: Computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet.

== Groundwater flow ==

* {{cmd|r.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
* {{cmd|r3.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions. See also [[Voxel]].

Note: for the correct computation of tasks using {{cmd|r.gwflow}}, see the testsuite scripts [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_7x7_grid.py validation_7x7_grid.py] and [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/raster/r.gwflow/testsuite/validation_excavation.py validation_excavation.py]. Please be aware, that r.gwflow is a very simple groundwater computation tool. Many steps in groundwater modelling must be performed outside of r.gwflow, like calibration, temporally changing of boundary conditions, weather conditions and so on.

AGU Poster as an example: http://www.urbanmetabolism.asia/sites/default/files/mehta_etal_aguposter2_48x36_horz.pdf

== Hydrological models ==
* {{cmd|r.topmodel}}: Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrological model.
** How to run r.topmodel: [http://idea.isnew.info/r.topmodel tutorial]
* [[GRASS_AddOns#HydroFOSS|HydroFOSS]]: A distributed, physically based hydrological model.
* [http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/software/swat-model/swat981-interfaces SWAT]: a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds.
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/hydrology/ r.water.fea] is an interactive program that allows the user to simulate storm water runoff analysis using the finite element numerical technique. Infiltration is calculated using the Green and Ampt formulation. r.water.fea computes and draws hydrographs for every basin as well as at stream junctions in an analysis area. It also draws animation maps at the basin level. The software is available within GRASS 4.x/5.x.
* [[GRASS_AddOns#GIPE|GIPE]]: The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models. (r.hydro.CASC2D - a physically-based, distributed, raster hydrological model which simulates the hydrological response of a watershed subject to a given rainfall field - is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS)

== Sediment modules ==
* {{cmd|r.sim.sediment}}: Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)

== Stream modules ==

For an overview, see [[R.stream.*]].

In GRASS 7:

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins}}: Delineates basins according stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.channel}}: Calculates local parameters for individual streams.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance}}: Calculates distance to and elevation above streams and outlet.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order}}: Calculates Strahler's and more streams hierarchy.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.segment}}: Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.slope}}: Calculates local parameters for slope subsystem.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.snap}}: Snap point to modelled stream network.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats}}: Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.

In GRASS 6 (old stable):

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.angle|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins|version=64}}: Calculate basins according user input.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.del|version=64}}: Calculates downslope length of first order streams and delete them if it length (in pixels) is lower than the treeshold.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance|version=64}}: Calculate distance to and elevation above streams and outlets according user input. It can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.extract|version=64}}: Stream network extraction. It produces a vector network with the direction of the vector lines corresponding to the flow direction.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order|version=64}}: Calculate Strahler's and Horton's stream order Hack's main streams and Shreeve's stream magnitude. It uses r.watershed or r.stream.extract output files: stream, direction and optionally accumulation. Output data can be either from r.watershed or r.stream.extract but not from both together.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.pos|version=64}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats|version=64}}: Calculate Horton's and optionally Hack's statistics according to user input.

== Watershed modules ==

* {{cmd|r.basins.fill}}: Generates a raster map layer showing watershed subbasins.
* {{cmd|r.water.outlet}}: Generates a watershed basin from a drainage direction map (from r.watershed) and a set of coordinates representing the outlet point of watershed.
* {{cmd|r.watershed}}: Watershed basin analysis program.
* {{cmd|r.lake}}: Fills a lake to a target water level from a given start point.
* {{AddonCmd|r.basin}}: Generates the main morphometric parameters of the basin. Here a [[R.basin|tutorial]]
* {{AddonCmd|r.threshold}}: Finds a first tentative value of upslope area to be used as input to extract the river network using r.stream.extract or r.watershed.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hydrodem}}: Applies hydrological conditioning (sink removal) to a required input elevation map.

[[Image:Flowacc_nviz.png|center|thumb|640px|Flow accumulation with Multiple Flow Directions (using{{cmd|r.watershed}}, North Carolina sample dataset)]]

== Flooding areas ==

* {{cmd|r.sim.water}}: Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)
* [[AddOns/GRASS_6#r.inund.fluv|r.inund.fluv]]: Allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hazard.flood}}: Is an implementation of a fast procedure to detect flood prone areas. It may help in the delineation of flood prone areas especially in basins with marked topography. The use of the modified topographic index should not be considered as an alternative to standard hydrological-hydraulic simulations for flood mapping, but may represent a tool for a preliminary delineation of flooding areas.

== User hints ==

=== Sink filling: why not needed in GRASS GIS ===

Traditionally, contour lines created by land surveying provided more detail than available DEMs. Nowadays (e.g., since SRTM of 2001), DEMs provide more detail than contour lines and contour lines are meanwhile derived from a DEM. Therefore creating a DEM from contour lines which (if in doubt) have been created using a DEM is no longer recommended, rather use any DEM instead.

'''Remarks on altering a DEM by filling sinks''':

The ArcGIS reference for sink filling is Goodchild and Mark (1987), ignoring the literature of the past 27+ years. According to the [http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.1/index.html#//009z0000007m000000 ArcGIS 10 documentation, "The program assumes that all unidentified sinks are errors"].

Identified sinks are those supplied by the user. Unfortunately for ArcGIS, unidentified sinks are not errors but usually true terrain elevation, particularly in the year 1987 when LIDAR was not yet available and DEMs were derived from radar. That means that the elevation values surrounding sinks are erroneous rather than the sinks themselves. Two (of several) methods to deal with sinks in a more realistic way are the minimum impact approach of Lindsay & Creed (2005) which alters the DEM (implemented in GRASS as [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.hydrodem/ r.hydrodem] Addon) and {{cmd|r.watershed}} which does not alter the DEM.

In short, you should carefully choose your hydrological software (e.g., RiverTools/Whitebox/TauDEM/GRASS GIS).

== See also ==

* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/flow-direction-from-grass-to-arcgis/ Flow Directions from GRASS to ArcGIS]

== References ==

* Bhowmik, AK, Metz, M. and Schäfer RB, 2014: Reproducible, Automated and Objective Stream Threshold Selection and Upstream Riparian Corridor Delineation from Digital Elevation Models ([http://semanticommunity.info/@api/deki/files/30406/4321a043.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2009: Fast Stream Extraction from Large, Radar-Based Elevation Models with Variable Level of Detail ([http://www.geomorphometry.org/system/files/metz2009geomorphometry.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2010: Accurate stream extraction from large, radar-based elevation models ([http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/3213/2010/hessd-7-3213-2010.pdf PDF])
* J Jasiewicz, M Metz, 2011: A new GRASS GIS toolkit for Hortonian analysis of drainage networks, Computers & Geosciences. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.03.003 DOI]
* Di Leo M., Di Stefano M., Claps P., Sole A., Caratterizzazione morfometrica del bacino idrografico in GRASS GIS, Geomatics Workbooks n.9, 2010 (89-100). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n9/GW9-FOSS4Git_2010.pdf PDF]). (In Italian)
* Di Leo M., Manfreda S., Fiorentino M., An automated procedure for the detection of flood prone areas: r.hazard.flood, Geomatics Workbooks n.10, 2011 (83-89). ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n10/GW10-FOSS4Git_2011.pdf PDF]).
* Manfreda S., Di Leo M., Sole A., 2011: Detection of Flood Prone Areas using Digital Elevation Models, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, (10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000367).

[[Category: Applications]]
[[Category: Documentation]]
[[Category: Hydrology]]

GRASS and MapServer

2016-06-30T03:55:05Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

==GRASS maps from mapfiles==

MapServer needs a mapfile containing the information, how to create the maps. Examples of these can be found, so here you'll find GRASS specific information.

==Raster Maps==

A short example of a layer definition to access a GRASS raster:

<pre>
LAYER
NAME "Example"
TYPE RASTER
STATUS ON
DATA "/path/to/grassdb/location/mapset/cellhd/example"
CLASS NAME "Example" # You need to have a class definition in the layer
END
END
</pre>

Notes:

* The rasters are limited to values from 0 to 255, the values over this are interpreted as 255. Rescale (<code>r.rescale</code>) your maps when necessary.
* You really need to have a CLASS in your layer, otherwise no data will be shown. An empty class is quite fine to show the whole map.

See the [[Color tables]] wiki page for more on exporting raster color tables as SLD XML rules using the {{AddonCmd|r.colors.out_sld}} addon script.

==Vector Maps==

A short example of a layer definition to access a GRASS vector:

<pre>
LAYER
NAME "Example"
TYPE LINE
STATUS ON
CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
CONNECTION "/path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/example/head"
DATA "1" # Layer number
CLASS # You need to have a class definition; otherwise nothing is shown on the map
NAME "Example"
COLOR 155 155 0
END
END
</pre>

Notes:

* You need to have GDAL with OGR and GRASS support for this to work. Note, that in this [http://grass.itc.it/start.html example] the maps are first exported to shapefiles. This is no longer necessary, as the maps can be accessed directly with OGR.
* Usually GRASS layers have no names and the layer number is used in DATA. However, it is possible that they do have names. This can happen for example when importing files with v.in.dxf, as the module keeps the dxf-file layer names and stores them into the GRASS vector. The layer names, if such there are, can be found in <tt>/path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/vectorname/dbln</tt>, or with <code>ogrinfo -ro /path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/vectorname/dbln</code>. Why this is so important is because if there are layer names defined, these layers cannot be accessed through the layer number with OGR. They ''have'' to be accessed through the layer name.

==Examples and useful links==

* [http://grass.itc.it/start.html Example] of GRASS with MapServer.
* [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu UMN Mapserver homepage]
* [http://idea.isnew.info/how_to_set_up_mapserver_with_grass_gis_support How to set up MapServer with GRASS GIS support]

[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Web Servers]]

User:HuidaeCho

2016-06-30T03:53:35Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

His private site is http://geni.isnew.info.

AddOns/GRASS7/raster

2014-09-05T07:34:15Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Delete duplicate r.hydrodem; Added r.lfp

{{AddOns}}

See also
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/

==== r.agent ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.agent|version=7}} shall provide an inital base for organizing worlds with raster playgrounds and agents in. Still under development.

: '''Author:''' Michael Lustenberger

==== r.area ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.area|version=7}} can be used to remove, areas smaller than treshold, reclass according areas (similar to r.reclass area, but work in cells, not hectares and allow create more classes)

: '''Author:''' Jarek Jasiewicz

==== r.basin ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.basin|version=7}} generates the main morphometric parameters of the basin starting from the digital elevation model and the coordinates of the basin's closing section.

: '''Author:''' Margherita Di Leo, Massimo Di Stefano

==== r.convergence ====

....

==== r.convert ====

....

==== r.crater ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.crater|version=7}}: estimates the size of a gravity dominated impact crater or the projectile that made it.

: '''Author:''' Yann Chemin

==== r.damflood ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.damflood|version=7}}: The definition of flooding areas is of considerable importance for both the risk analysis and the emergency management.
This command is an embedded GRASS GIS hydrodynamic 2D model that allows to obtain flooding area due to a failure of a dam, given the geometry of the reservoir and of the downstream area, the initial conditions and the dam breach geometry.

: '''Authors:''' Roberto Marzocchi and Massimiliano Cannata

==== r.fidimo ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.fidimo|version=7}}: [http://jradinger.wordpress.com/fidimo/ FIDIMO] is a raster tool to model fish dispersal in river networks. Therefore, empirical leptokurtic fish dispersal kernels are used to model movement distances in rasterized river networks, considering movement barriers. FIDIMO allows predicting and simulating spatio-temporal patterns of fish dispersal.

Radinger, J., Kail, J. and Wolter, C. (2013) FIDIMO – A Free and Open Source GIS based dispersal model for riverine fish. ''Ecological Informatics'' 1–10. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.06.002 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.06.002]

: '''Author:''' Johannes Radinger

==== r.flip ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.flip|version=7}} Flips a raster map

==== r.forestfrag ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.forestfrag|version=7}} is a shell script that creates a forest fragmentation index from a GRASS raster map (where forest=1, non-forest=0) based on a method developed by Riitters et. al (2000). The index is computed using an moving window of user-defined size (default = 3).

:'''Author:''' Maning Sambale, Stefan Sylla and Paulo van Breugel

==== r.fuzzy ====

....
* {{AddonSrc|raster|r.fuzzy.logic|version=7}}
* {{AddonSrc|raster|r.fuzzy.set|version=7}}
* {{AddonSrc|raster|r.fuzzy.system|version=7}}

==== r.gdd ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.gdd|version=7}} calculates (accumulated) growing degree days (GDDs) and Winkler indices from several input maps with temperature data for different times of the day.

: '''Author:''' Markus Metz

==== r.hants ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.hants|version=7}} performs a harmonic analysis of time series in order to estimate missing values and identify outliers. For each input map, an output map with the suffix suffix (default: _hants) is created.

: '''Author:''' Markus Metz

==== r.hazard.flood ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.hazard.flood|version=7}} is an implementation of a fast procedure to detect flood prone areas. The exposure to flooding may be delineated by adopting a topographic index (TIm) computed from a DEM. The portion of a basin exposed to flood inundation is generally characterized by a TIm higher than a given threshold, tau. The threshold is automatically determinated from the cellsize. The proposed procedure may help in the delineation of flood prone areas especially in basins with marked topography. The use of the modified topographic index should not be considered as an alternative to standard hydrological-hydraulic simulations for flood mapping, but it may represent a useful and rapid tool for a preliminary delineation of flooding areas in ungauged basins and in areas where expensive and time consuming hydrological-hydraulic simulations are not affordable or economically convenient.

: '''Author:''' Margherita Di Leo

==== r.houghtransform ====

....

==== r.hydrodem ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.hydrodem|version=7}} applies hydrological conditioning (sink removal) to a required input elevation map. If the conditioned elevation map is going to be used as input elevation for r.watershed, only small sinks should be removed and the amount of modifications restricted with the mod option. For other modules such as {{cmd|r.terraflow}} or third-party software, full sink removal is recommended.

: '''Author:''' Markus Metz

==== r.in.srtm.region ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.in.srtm.region|version=7}} for download and import of SRTM for the current region. If needed, tiles are patched together and optionally holes interpolated.

: '''Author:''' Markus Metz

==== r.in.wms2 ====

....

==== r.lfp ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.lfp|version=7}} creates a longest flow path raster map using a drainage direction raster map and the coordinates of an outlet point. The module internally runs r.stream.distance twice to calculate flow length downstream and upstream raster maps, and combines them to get the longest flow path. An input drainage map can be created using {{cmd|r.watershed}} or {{cmd|r.stream.extract}}.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== r.massmov ====

....

==== r.mess====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.mess|version=7}}, a shell script to compute the "Multivariate Environmental Similarity Surfaces" (MESS). It uses R and spgrass6 package.
Runs on grass 6.4 and 7.0 (tested on Linux only).

: '''Author:''' Paulo van Breugel

==== r.modis ====

'''{{AddonSrc|raster|r.modis|version=7}}''': The '''r.modis''' suite is a toolset to import MODIS satellite data in GRASS GIS. It uses the [http://gis.cri.fmach.it/pymodis/ pyModis library] and the MODIS Reprojection Tool software to convert, mosaik and process MODIS data. It is written in Python language for GRASS 7, developed during the Google Summer of Code 2011.

See also [[R.modis]]:

: '''Author:''' Luca Delucchi (GSoC mentor: Markus Neteler)

==== r.northerness.easterness ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.northerness.easterness|version=7}}: Calculations of northerness, easterness and the interaction between northerness and slope.

: '''Author:''' Helmut Kudrnovsky

==== r.random.weight ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.random.weight|version=7}}: Generates a raster layer with a weighted random selection of the raster cells (selected cells are assigned a value 1, other a value 0). The user needs to provide a weight raster layer, which defines for each cell the the weight (probablity to be selected).

: '''Author:''' Paulo van Breugel

==== r.regression.series ====

'''{{AddonSrc|raster|r.regression.series|version=7}}''' is a module to calculate linear regression parameters between two time series, e.g. NDVI and precipitation.

: '''Author:''' Markus Metz

==== r.roughness.vector ====

'''{{AddonSrc|raster|r.roughness.vector|version=7}}''' is a module to calculate surface roughness as vector dispersion, using a moving-window approach. Resulting maps are: Vector Strength (R) and Inverted Fisher's k parameter.

: '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann and Helmut Kudrnovsky

==== r.stream.basins ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.basins|version=7}}: Calculate basins according user input.

==== r.stream.channel ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.channel|version=7}}: Calculate some local properties of the stream network. It is supplementary module for r.stream.order and r.stream.distance to investigate channel subsystem.

==== r.stream.distance ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.distance|version=7}}: Calculate distance to and elevation above streams and outlets according user input. It can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.

==== r.stream.extract ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.extract|version=7}}: Stream network extraction.

==== r.stream.order ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.order|version=7}}: Calculate Strahler's and Horton's stream order Hack's main streams and Shreeve's stream magnitude. It uses r.watershed or r.stream.extract output files: stream, direction and optionally accumulation. Output data can be either from r.watershed or r.stream.extract but not from both together.

==== r.stream.segment ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.segment|version=7}}: The module is designed to inverstigate network lineaments and calculate angle relations between tributaries and its major streams.

==== r.stream.slope ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.slope|version=7}}: Calculates the difference between elevation of current cell and downstream cell, gradient and max curvature on the basis of a flow direction map. It can be used to calculate the directional slope using a flow direction map.

==== r.stream.snap ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.snap|version=7}}: is a supplementary module for r.stream.extract and r.stream.basins to correct position of outlets or stream initial points as they do not lie on the streamlines.

==== r.stream.stats ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.stream.stats|version=7}}: Calculate Horton's and optionally Hack's statistics according to user input.

==== r.threshold ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.threshold|version=7}} finds optimal threshold for stream extraction.
....

==== r.to.vect.tiled ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.to.vect.tiled|version=7}} vectorizes the input raster map and produces several tiled vector maps covering the current region. Vectorizing a large raster map with {{cmd|r.to.vect}} can require a lot of memory. In these cases,r.to.vect.tiled can reduce memory usage by vectorizing each tile separately.

==== r.vif====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.vif|version=7}}, a shell script to compute the variance inflaction factor (VIF) and the square root of the VIF.

: '''Author:''' Paulo van Breugel

==== r.vol.dem ====

{{AddonSrc|raster|r.vol.dem|version=7}} interpolates a voxel model from a series of DEMs by flood filling the voxel space in between.

GRASS Translation Team

2014-06-02T16:09:58Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Korean section added

__NOTOC__
* Currently, [http://grass.osgeo.org/devel/i18n.php#statistics GRASS messages] are (partly) translated to 18 languages
: (cs,de,es,fr,hi,it,ja,ko,lv,mr,pl,pt_br,ru,sl,tr,vi,zh).

* Free [http://gdf-hannover.de/media.php?lg=en GRASS literature from GDF Hannover] is translated to five languages
: (cs, de, fr, zh_CN, en).

* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/html64_user/index.html GRASS manual pages] are [[Updating GRASS Documentation#Translations|not yet translated]].

* Translation support pages:
: - [[GRASS messages translation]]
: - [[GRASS Translation Glossary]]
: - [[Updating GRASS Documentation#Translations]]
: - [http://grass.osgeo.org/devel/i18n.php#statistics Project translation statistics]

==Members of Translation Team==

''The list is yet incomplete (see [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/translators.csv here] for full list)!''

__TOC__

===[http://grass.fsv.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php/Lokalizace Arabic]===

;Dr Alaa Ahmed Masoud
[[Image:Alaa5.jpg|100px|thumb|Dr Alaa Ahmed Masoud]]
* Location: Tanta, Egypt
* mail: alaamasoud@hotmail.com
* http://alaamasoud.tripod.com/

===[http://grass.fsv.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php/Lokalizace Czech]===
;Martin Landa
[[Image:Mlanda.png|thumb|Martin Landa]]
* Location: Prague, Czech Republic
* mail: landa.martin at gmail.com
* http://gama.fsv.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php/Martin_Landa

;Jáchym Čepický
[[Image:Jachym.png|thumb|Jáchym Čepický]]
* Location: Hannover, Germany
* mail: GRASS developers mailing list
* http://les-ejk.cz

;Záboj Hrázský
[[Image:Zaboj.png|100px|thumb|Záboj Hrázský]]
* Location: Sobětuchy, Czech Republic
* mail: GRASS developers mailing list
* http://

===German===
;Robert Nuske
[[Image:nuske_2011.jpg|100px|thumb|Robert Nuske]]
* Location: Göttingen, Germany
* mail: GRASS User and Developer mailing list

;Stephan Holl
[[Image:Holl.png|100px|thumb|Stephan Holl]]
* Location: Hannover, Germany
* mail: GRASS developers mailing list
* http://www.holl-land.de/blog

;Otto Dassau
* Location: Hannover, Germany
* mail: GRASS User and Developer mailing list

===French===
;Vincent Bain
* Checks and corrections on GRASS 6 French documentation
* Location : France (Rhône-Alpes)
* mail : GRASS French Discussions List
* http://

;Daniel Calvelo Aros
* GRASS messages translation [2004-2005]
* Location : Peru
* mail : GRASS Translations List
* http://

;Laurent Courty
* GRASS messages translation [2005->], GRASS French glossary
* Location : France (Bourgogne)
* mail : GRASS Translations List
* http://

;Thierry Gonon
* MacOS GRASS start-up screens translation
* Location : France (Rhône-Alpes)
* mail : GRASS French Discussions List
* http://

;Jean-Denis Guiguère
* GRASS French glossary
* Location : Sherbrooke, Canada
* mail : GRASS Translations List
* http://www.usherbrooke.ca/geotel/temoignages/j_d_giguere.html

;Moritz Lennert
* GRASS 5 French tutorial for beginners (author & translator)
* Location : Bruxelles, Belgium
* mail : GRASS French Discussions List
* http://

;Eve Rousseau
* GRASS 6 French documentation, GRASS messages [2006->], glossary
* Location : France
* mail : GRASS Translations, GRASS French Discussions List
* http://www.portailsig.org/

;Emmanuel Sarraco
* GRASS messages translation [2004-2005]
* Location : France
* mail : GRASS Translations List
* http://

===Italian===
;Luca Delucchi
* Location : Genova/Trento (Italy)
* mail : lucadeluge at gmail.com
* http://www.lucadelu.org

===Korean===
;Huidae Cho
* Location: Atlanta, GA
* mail: grass4u at gmail.com
* http://idea.isnew.info

===Malayalam===
;Mohammed Rashad
* Location: Kerala, India
* mail: rashadkm at gmail.com
* http://keralainfo.web4all.in

===Polish===
;Milena Nowotarska
* GRASS messages translation [2008-2010]
* Location : Szczecin, Poland
* mail : do.milenki AT gmail DOT com
* http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Milena_Nowotarska

[[Category: Community]]

Team

2014-05-09T14:02:32Z

⚠️HuidaeCho:

The GRASS GIS project is an international team effort with scientists and developers participating from various fields. Below is a list of the current team.

All general queries concerning GRASS should be addressed to the respective [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists/ GRASS mailing lists]. If you miss yourself or somebody else on the lists below, please feel free to edit this Wiki page or send mail to the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list].
__TOC__
== Current contributors to the development of the GRASS code ==

In alphabetical order; see for example [http://www.ohloh.net/p/grass_gis/contributors here] for contribution statistics.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:left"
| width=200px | [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Anna Kratochvílová''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:benjamin.png|100px|center|center]]
| '''Benjamin Ducke''': extension manager, spatial statistics, archaeological applications, predictive modelling Location: Berlin, Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Glynn Clements''': core development, UK, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:hamish.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Hamish Bowman''': Development of display, PostScript, raster, and GPS modules as well as general sanitation of the code, help, and web pages. Location: Department of Marine Science, University of Otago. Dunedin, New Zealand mail: hamish_b AT yahoo com [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grassfiles http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grassfiles]

|-
| [[Image:helena.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Helena Mitasova''': surface and volume modeling and analysis (RST modules), topographic analysis, hydrologic and erosion modelling, assistance with visualization, working with students on new module development, testing, and bug fixing Location: Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ][http://www4.ncsu.edu/~hmitaso/ http://www4.ncsu.edu/~hmitaso/]

|-
| [[Image:hellik.png|100px|center]]
| '''Helmut Kudrnovsky''': [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/binary/mswindows/native/ winGRASS packaging],german translation, Austria, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Huidae Cho''': Hydrologic modeling (TOPMODEL modules), DXF modules, FreeType support, Korean translation. Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA mail: grass4u AT gmail com, IRC Nick: grass4u [http://idea.isnew.info http://idea.isnew.info]

|-
| [[Image:lucadelu.png|100px|center]]
| '''Luca Delucchi''': Python GRASS development (GUI and Modules), Documentation, Italian Translation, Location: Trento (Italy), mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Maris_nartiss.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''[[user:MarisN|Maris Nartiss]]''': Tcl/TK GUI development, Latvia, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Markus Metz''': GRASS 7 development, massive data processing, vector library, Italy + Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:markus.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Markus Neteler''': various contributions, coordination, main Web site and mailing lists maintenance, Location: Trento, Italy, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], IRC Nick: markusN [http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/ http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/]

|-
| [[Image:mlanda.png|100px|center]]
| '''Martin Landa''': various contributions, vector engine improvements, [[wxGUI]], Location: Prague, Czech Republic Mail: landa.martin AT gmail.com Homepage: [http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa]

|-
| [[Image:michael.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Michael Barton ''': GRASS native GUI development Location: Tempe, Arizona, USA mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ][http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/ http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Moritz Lennert''': display tools, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Soeren Gebbert''': improvements of [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/ 3D functionality] mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Stepan Turek''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Vaclav Petras''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''William Kyngesburye''': [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software:grass/ Mac OS X packaging], USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Yann Chemin''': image processing, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''''your name''': what-you-do, Location: xyz, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: ''

|}

== Former or currently inactive developers ==

(in alphabetical order)

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:left"
| width=200px | [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Bob Covill''' Role: visualization, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Brad Douglas''' Role: bug fixing, code portability, imagery modules Location: Fremont, California, USA, IRC Nick: bdouglas, mail: rez AT touchofmadness com

|-
| [[Image:cedric.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Cedric Shock''' Role: user interface enhancements, debugging Location: Eugene, Oregon, USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/ http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/]

|-
| [[Image:DaveSampson.png|100px|center]]
| '''Dave Sampson''' Role: tutorials, data sets & public data licensing, GRASS map gallery, Ottawa Chapter of OSGeo, Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, mail: samper.d at gmail dot com [http://davidsampson.ca/ http://davidsampson.ca]

|-
| [[Image:jachym.png|100px|center]]
| '''Jachym Cepicky''' Role: bug fixing, support of 3D vectors, tester and translator, UI developer, Czech Republic, mail: jachym.cepicky AT gmail.com [http://les-ejk.cz/ http://les-ejk.cz/]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Jaroslav Hofierka''' Role: development of modules for solar irradiation, flow routing, surface and volume modelling and analysis (RST modules), hydrologic and erosion modelling, assistance with visualization Location: Presov, Slovakia, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:maciek.png|100px|center]]
| '''Maciej Sieczka''' Role: power user, testing Location: Wroclaw, Poland, mail: msieczka AT sieczka.org [http://www.sieczka.org/ http://www.sieczka.org]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Marco Pasetti''' Role: Microsoft Windows native binary port of GRASS Location: Brescia, Italy, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/binary/mswindows/native/ WinGRASS Project Homepage]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Paul Kelly''' Role: Proj integration, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:radim.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Radim Blazek''' Role: DBMI, vector engine core developer, Location: Trento, Italy till 2006, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:scott.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Scott Mitchell''' Role: tutorial and documentation development, web site maintenance, Ottawa User's Group, OSGeo Journal News and Events Editor Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-web GRASS web site maintenance mailing list] [http://www.carleton.ca/~smitch http://www.carleton.ca/~smitch]

|}

== The following institutions are currently supporting the GRASS-Project ==

Please see our [http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/ GRASS sponsoring] page.

And a ''thank-you'' to:

* the many people who have contributed in the past
* the various users who have contributed bug reports and tested unstable GRASS versions;
* all the sites (and the people behind them) that provide mirrors for the GRASS web pages.

Team

2014-05-09T14:01:24Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Huidae Cho is back active and his website updated

The GRASS GIS project is an international team effort with scientists and developers participating from various fields. Below is a list of the current team.

All general queries concerning GRASS should be addressed to the respective [http://grass.osgeo.org/support/mailing-lists/ GRASS mailing lists]. If you miss yourself or somebody else on the lists below, please feel free to edit this Wiki page or send mail to the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list].
__TOC__
== Current contributors to the development of the GRASS code ==

In alphabetical order; see for example [http://www.ohloh.net/p/grass_gis/contributors here] for contribution statistics.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:left"
| width=200px | [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Anna Kratochvílová''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:benjamin.png|100px|center|center]]
| '''Benjamin Ducke''': extension manager, spatial statistics, archaeological applications, predictive modelling Location: Berlin, Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Glynn Clements''': core development, UK, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:hamish.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Hamish Bowman''': Development of display, PostScript, raster, and GPS modules as well as general sanitation of the code, help, and web pages. Location: Department of Marine Science, University of Otago. Dunedin, New Zealand mail: hamish_b AT yahoo com [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grassfiles http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grassfiles]

|-
| [[Image:helena.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Helena Mitasova''': surface and volume modeling and analysis (RST modules), topographic analysis, hydrologic and erosion modelling, assistance with visualization, working with students on new module development, testing, and bug fixing Location: Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ][http://www4.ncsu.edu/~hmitaso/ http://www4.ncsu.edu/~hmitaso/]

|-
| [[Image:hellik.png|100px|center]]
| '''Helmut Kudrnovsky''': [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/binary/mswindows/native/ winGRASS packaging],german translation, Austria, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Huidae Cho''' Role: bug fixing, hydrologic modeling (TOPMODEL modules), DXF modules, FreeType support. Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA mail: grass4u AT gmail com, IRC Nick: grass4u [http://idea.isnew.info http://idea.isnew.info]

|-
| [[Image:lucadelu.png|100px|center]]
| '''Luca Delucchi''': Python GRASS development (GUI and Modules), Documentation, Italian Translation, Location: Trento (Italy), mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Maris_nartiss.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''[[user:MarisN|Maris Nartiss]]''': Tcl/TK GUI development, Latvia, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Markus Metz''': GRASS 7 development, massive data processing, vector library, Italy + Germany, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:markus.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Markus Neteler''': various contributions, coordination, main Web site and mailing lists maintenance, Location: Trento, Italy, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], IRC Nick: markusN [http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/ http://www.grassbook.org/neteler/]

|-
| [[Image:mlanda.png|100px|center]]
| '''Martin Landa''': various contributions, vector engine improvements, [[wxGUI]], Location: Prague, Czech Republic Mail: landa.martin AT gmail.com Homepage: [http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa http://geo.fsv.cvut.cz/~landa]

|-
| [[Image:michael.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Michael Barton ''': GRASS native GUI development Location: Tempe, Arizona, USA mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ][http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/ http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Moritz Lennert''': display tools, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Soeren Gebbert''': improvements of [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/ 3D functionality] mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Stepan Turek''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Vaclav Petras''': GRASS 7 wxGUI development, Prague, CZ, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''William Kyngesburye''': [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software:grass/ Mac OS X packaging], USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Yann Chemin''': image processing, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''''your name''': what-you-do, Location: xyz, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: ''

|}

== Former or currently inactive developers ==

(in alphabetical order)

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:left"
| width=200px | [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Bob Covill''' Role: visualization, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Brad Douglas''' Role: bug fixing, code portability, imagery modules Location: Fremont, California, USA, IRC Nick: bdouglas, mail: rez AT touchofmadness com

|-
| [[Image:cedric.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Cedric Shock''' Role: user interface enhancements, debugging Location: Eugene, Oregon, USA, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/ http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/]

|-
| [[Image:DaveSampson.png|100px|center]]
| '''Dave Sampson''' Role: tutorials, data sets & public data licensing, GRASS map gallery, Ottawa Chapter of OSGeo, Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, mail: samper.d at gmail dot com [http://davidsampson.ca/ http://davidsampson.ca]

|-
| [[Image:jachym.png|100px|center]]
| '''Jachym Cepicky''' Role: bug fixing, support of 3D vectors, tester and translator, UI developer, Czech Republic, mail: jachym.cepicky AT gmail.com [http://les-ejk.cz/ http://les-ejk.cz/]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Jaroslav Hofierka''' Role: development of modules for solar irradiation, flow routing, surface and volume modelling and analysis (RST modules), hydrologic and erosion modelling, assistance with visualization Location: Presov, Slovakia, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:maciek.png|100px|center]]
| '''Maciej Sieczka''' Role: power user, testing Location: Wroclaw, Poland, mail: msieczka AT sieczka.org [http://www.sieczka.org/ http://www.sieczka.org]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Marco Pasetti''' Role: Microsoft Windows native binary port of GRASS Location: Brescia, Italy, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list], link: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/binary/mswindows/native/ WinGRASS Project Homepage]

|-
| [[Image:Grasslogo vector small.png|100px|center]]
| '''Paul Kelly''' Role: Proj integration, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list ]

|-
| [[Image:radim.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Radim Blazek''' Role: DBMI, vector engine core developer, Location: Trento, Italy till 2006, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev GRASS developers mailing list]

|-
| [[Image:scott.jpg|100px|center]]
| '''Scott Mitchell''' Role: tutorial and documentation development, web site maintenance, Ottawa User's Group, OSGeo Journal News and Events Editor Location: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, mail: [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-web GRASS web site maintenance mailing list] [http://www.carleton.ca/~smitch http://www.carleton.ca/~smitch]

|}

== The following institutions are currently supporting the GRASS-Project ==

Please see our [http://grass.osgeo.org/donations/ GRASS sponsoring] page.

And a ''thank-you'' to:

* the many people who have contributed in the past
* the various users who have contributed bug reports and tested unstable GRASS versions;
* all the sites (and the people behind them) that provide mirrors for the GRASS web pages.

GRASS and MapServer

2014-04-25T05:32:45Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Added a useful site.

==GRASS maps from mapfiles==

MapServer needs a mapfile containing the information, how to create the maps. Examples of these can be found, so here you'll find GRASS specific information.

==Raster Maps==

A short example of a layer definition to access a GRASS raster:

<pre>
LAYER
NAME "Example"
TYPE RASTER
STATUS ON
DATA "/path/to/grassdb/location/mapset/cellhd/example"
CLASS NAME "Example" # You need to have a class definition in the layer
END
END
</pre>

Notes:

* The rasters are limited to values from 0 to 255, the values over this are interpreted as 255. Rescale (<code>r.rescale</code>) your maps when necessary.
* You really need to have a CLASS in your layer, otherwise no data will be shown. An empty class is quite fine to show the whole map.

See the [[Color tables]] wiki page for more on exporting raster color tables as SLD XML rules using the {{AddonCmd|r.colors.out_sld}} addon script.

==Vector Maps==

A short example of a layer definition to access a GRASS vector:

<pre>
LAYER
NAME "Example"
TYPE LINE
STATUS ON
CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
CONNECTION "/path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/example/head"
DATA "1" # Layer number
CLASS # You need to have a class definition; otherwise nothing is shown on the map
NAME "Example"
COLOR 155 155 0
END
END
</pre>

Notes:

* You need to have GDAL with OGR and GRASS support for this to work. Note, that in this [http://grass.itc.it/start.html example] the maps are first exported to shapefiles. This is no longer necessary, as the maps can be accessed directly with OGR.
* Usually GRASS layers have no names and the layer number is used in DATA. However, it is possible that they do have names. This can happen for example when importing files with v.in.dxf, as the module keeps the dxf-file layer names and stores them into the GRASS vector. The layer names, if such there are, can be found in <tt>/path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/vectorname/dbln</tt>, or with <code>ogrinfo -ro /path/to/grassdb/mapset/location/vector/vectorname/dbln</code>. Why this is so important is because if there are layer names defined, these layers cannot be accessed through the layer number with OGR. They ''have'' to be accessed through the layer name.

==Examples and useful links==

* [http://grass.itc.it/start.html Example] of GRASS with MapServer.
* [http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu UMN Mapserver homepage]
* [http://idea.isnew.info/grass_gis/how_to_set_up_mapserver_with_grass_gis_support How to set up MapServer with GRASS GIS support]

[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Web Servers]]

Hydrological Sciences

2014-01-28T15:39:19Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Updated the link to the r.topmodel tutorial.

== Flow calculation ==

* {{cmd|r.carve}}: Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster and subtracts depth from the output DEM.
* {{cmd|r.drain}}: Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map.
* {{cmd|r.fillnulls}}: Fills no-data areas in raster maps using v.surf.rst splines interpolation
* {{cmd|r.fill.dir}}: Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation layer.
* {{cmd|r.flow}}: Construction of slope curves (flowlines), flowpath lengths, and flowline densities (upslope areas) from a raster digital elevation model (DEM)
* {{cmd|r.topidx}}: Creates topographic index [ln(a/tan(beta))] map from elevation map (topographic wetness index).
* {{cmd|r.terraflow}}: Flow computation for massive grids.
* {{AddonCmd|v.breach}}: Creates vector maps of lines and points of continuously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.
* {{AddonCmd|r.traveltime}}: Computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet.

== Groundwater flow ==

* {{cmd|r.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
* {{cmd|r3.gwflow}}: Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions. See also [[Voxel]].

== Hydrological models ==
* {{cmd|r.topmodel}}: Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrological model.
** How to run r.topmodel: [http://idea.isnew.info/grass_gis/r.topmodel tutorial]
* {{AddonCmd|HydroFOSS}}: A distributed, physically based hydrological model.
* [http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/software/swat-model/swat981-interfaces SWAT]: a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds.
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/gdp/hydrology/ r.water.fea] is an interactive program that allows the user to simulate storm water runoff analysis using the finite element numerical technique. Infiltration is calculated using the Green and Ampt formulation. r.water.fea computes and draws hydrographs for every basin as well as at stream junctions in an analysis area. It also draws animation maps at the basin level. The software is available within GRASS 4.x/5.x.
* {{AddonCmd|GIPE}}: The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models. (r.hydro.CASC2D - a physically-based, distributed, raster hydrological model which simulates the hydrological response of a watershed subject to a given rainfall field - is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS)

== Sediment modules ==
* {{cmd|r.sim.sediment}}: Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)
* {{cmd|r.sim.water}}: Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE)

== Stream modules ==

For an overview, see [[R.stream.*]].

* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.angle}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.basins}}: Calculate basins according user input.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.del}}: Calculate basins according user input.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.distance}}: Calculate distance to and elevation above streams and outlets according user input. It can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.extract}}: Stream network extraction. It produces a vector network with the direction of the vector lines corresponding to the flow direction.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.order}}: Calculate Strahler's and Horton's stream order Hack's main streams and Shreeve's stream magnitude. It uses r.watershed or r.stream.extract output files: stream, direction and optionally accumulation. Output data can be either from r.watershed or r.stream.extract but not from both together.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.pos}}: Route azimuth, direction and relation to streams of higher order.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.stats}}: Calculate Horton's and optionally Hack's statistics according to user input.
* {{AddonCmd|r.stream.preview}}: In order to find a value of upslope area to be used as input to extract the river network using r.stream.extract or r.watershed, it is common to proceed by tentatives. r.preview is useful for quickly display results for various tentatives of threshold values.

Only available for GRASS 7:

* [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.stream.channel/ r.stream.channel]: Calculate some local properties of the stream network. It is supplementary module for r.stream.order and r.stream.distance to investigate channel subsystem.
* [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.stream.segment/ r.stream.segment]: The module is designed to inverstigate network lineaments and calculate angle relations between tributaries and its major streams.
* [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.stream.slope/ r.stream.slope]: Calculates the difference between elevation of current cell and downstream cell, gradient and max curvature on the basis of a flow direction map. It can be used to calculate the directional slope using a flow direction map.
* [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.stream.snap/ r.stream.snap]: is a supplementary module for r.stream.extract and r.stream.basins to correct position of outlets or stream initial points as they do not lie on the streamlines.

== Watershed modules ==

* {{cmd|r.basin.fill}}: Generates a raster map layer showing watershed subbasins.
* {{cmd|r.water.outlet}}: Generates a watershed basin from a drainage direction map (from r.watershed) and a set of coordinates representing the outlet point of watershed.
* {{cmd|r.watershed}}: Watershed basin analysis program.
* {{cmd|r.lake}}: Fills a lake to a target water level from a given start point.
* {{AddonCmd|r.basin}}: Generates the main morphometric parameters of the basin. Here a [[R.basin|tutorial]]
* {{AddonCmd|r.threshold}}: Finds a first tentative value of upslope area to be used as input to extract the river network using r.stream.extract or r.watershed.
* [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.hydrodem/ r.hydrodem]: Applies hydrological conditioning (sink removal) to a required input elevation map.

[[Image:Flowacc_nviz.png|center|thumb|640px|Flow accumulation with Multiple Flow Directions (using{{cmd|r.watershed}}, North Carolina sample dataset)]]

== Flooding areas ==

* {{AddonCmd|r.inund.fluv}}: Allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.
* {{AddonCmd|r.hazard.flood}}: Is an implementation of a fast procedure to detect flood prone areas. It may help in the delineation of flood prone areas especially in basins with marked topography. The use of the modified topographic index should not be considered as an alternative to standard hydrological-hydraulic simulations for flood mapping, but may represent a tool for a preliminary delineation of flooding areas.

== Tutorials ==

* [[Creating watersheds]]
* [http://www.surfaces.co.il/?p=241 Watershed Analysis with GRASS]
* [[R.basin]]
* [[R.stream.*]]

== References ==

* Metz, M. et al 2009: Fast Stream Extraction from Large, Radar-Based Elevation Models with Variable Level of Detail ([http://www.geomorphometry.org/system/files/metz2009geomorphometry.pdf PDF])
* Metz, M. et al 2010: Accurate stream extraction from large, radar-based elevation models ([http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/3213/2010/hessd-7-3213-2010.pdf PDF])
* J Jasiewicz, M Metz, 2011: A new GRASS GIS toolkit for Hortonian analysis of drainage networks, Computers & Geosciences. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.03.003 DOI]
* Di Leo M., Di Stefano M., Claps P., Sole A. Caratterizzazione morfometrica del bacino idrografico in GRASS GIS (Morphometric characterization of the catchment in GRASS GIS environment), Geomatics Workbooks n.9, 2010. ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n9/GW9-FOSS4Git_2010.pdf PDF]).
* Di Leo M., Manfreda S., Fiorentino M., An automated procedure for the detection of flood prone areas: r.hazard.flood, Geomatics Workbooks n.10, 2011. ([http://geomatica.como.polimi.it/workbooks/n10/GW10-FOSS4Git_2011.pdf PDF]).
* Manfreda S., Di Leo M., Sole A., Detection of Flood Prone Areas using Digital Elevation Models, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, (10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000367), 2011. ([http://www.unibas.it/utenti/manfreda/List%20of%20pubblications%20-%20Salvatore%20Manfreda_file/2010_Manfreda_et_al_HEENG.pdf Authors' version PDF])

[[Category: Applications]]
[[Category: Documentation]]
[[Category: Hydrology]]

GRASS and GMT

2009-03-13T02:23:48Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Exporting GRASS maps to GMT */

= GMT (The Generic Mapping Tools) =

GMT (Generic Mapping Tools) is a Free software package for creating publication quality cartography.

GMT homepage: http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu

== Importing from GMT ==

=== Raster ===

==== Old style binary grd ====

* Import using '''r.in.bin''' with the -h flag.
: ''Note:'' (in case you missed it) '''r.in.bin -h''' was written to be used with the old style GMT grd format.


==== New style NetCDF grd ====

* {{cmd|r.in.gdal}} should be used for the new NetCDF GMT grd format directly.
: See the [http://www.gdal.org/frmt_various.html#GMT GDAL netCDF driver] page.


* If you wish to use the '''r.in.bin -h''' method with a NetCDF based grd file you will need to reformat the GMT grid into the old format:
grdreformat in.grd out.grd=bf

=== Vectors ===

* Newer versions of [http://www.gdal.org/ogr/drv_gmt.html OGR support GMT vectors] for read/write. Import with the {{cmd|v.in.ogr}} module.

=== Coloring ===

==== Importing CPT color tables ====

* Import GMT style .cpt color table files with the '''r.cpt2grass''' script on the [[GRASS_AddOns#r.cpt2grass|Add-ons]] page.
** [[GRASS_AddOns#r.cpt2grass|r.cpt2grass]] - Import GMT color rules
: For a large collection of GMT .cpt files see http://sview01.wiredworkplace.net/pub/cpt-city/

== Exporting GRASS maps to GMT ==

* Overview: http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview
 (Supplied by the GRASS Users Group of Davis, California)

Currently there are several *.out.GMT permutations on the [[GRASS_AddOns|Add-ons]] page, in several different languages (bash, python, etc.), and each of which with relative pros/cons. An effort to unify these approaches would save much of the current difficulties in moving complex raster+vector data into a GMT-friendly format. A simple road map toward this goal is outlined below.

* [[GRASS_AddOns#v.out.gmt|v.out.gmt]] - Vector export for GMT (rewrite to use new [http://www.gdal.org/ogr/drv_gmt.html OGR r/w support]?)
* [[GRASS_AddOns#r.out.gmt|r.out.gmt]] - Raster export for GMT
* [[GRASS_AddOns#r.out.gmt2|r.out.gmt2]] - Alternative raster export for GMT

=== Raster ===

* Conversion of GRASS raster data to GMT compatible binary grids
A combination of r.out.bin | xyz2grd can accomplish this. Several attempts at generalizing this procedure have been proposed: [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/gisscripts r.out.gmt.py], [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] (Hamish and Dylan), [http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/r.out.gmt.sh r.out.gmt.sh] (Dylan, based Hamish's work).

=== Vector ===

* Conversion of GRASS vector data to GMT compatible ascii files
There is currently an effort (with some funding!), see some of the chatter on the GRASS and GMT mailing lists:
[http://grass.itc.it/pipermail/grassuser/2006-April/033659.html GRASS-list]
[http://www.nabble.com/Ideas-needed-regarding-OGR-reformatter-for-GMT-vector-(point-multiline)-files.-t2605255.html GMT-help]

* OGR now supports GMT vector (multiline) output, so it is easy to convert data to GMT format for plotting. Use the {{cmd|v.out.ogr}} module.

=== Coloring ===

* Conversion of GRASS raster color data into GMT compatible CPT files
David Finlayson's [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/gisscripts r.out.gmt.py] does a nice job of this. Once we decide on an optimal language to implement the routines in this may need translation.

=== Symbology ===

* Automatic conversion of symbology data stored in a gis.m or QGIS saved state to GMT options

Ideas expressed on various mailing list, haven't seem much since. It ''should'' be a relatively simple excercise in XML parsing to convert symbology stored in a QGIS project file into something that GMT can use.

=== Development plans ===

* General approach:
Since GMT relies on a sequence of specialized programs to "build-up" a postscript file, some thought must be put into how the conversion should take place. As usual, form should follow function- maximum flexibility, robustness, and accuracy being primary objectives. However, a simple means of creating high quality 2D maps would be a tremendous (I think) addition to the GRASS toolset. Especially since this is something frequently cited by critics. --[[User:DylanBeaudette|DylanBeaudette]] 02:47, 10 December 2006 (CET)

1. should we continue down the well troden path of single-use, highly efficient programs for the various conversion steps: i.e v.out.GMT, r.out.GMT, etc.?

2. should there be a unified approach to the process: something akin to ps.map - ''GMT.map'' ?

= Tutorials =
* [http://netgis.geo.uw.edu.pl/srtm/ Dane DEM uzyskane z radarowej misji promu kosmicznego - SRTM-3]: Tutorial in Polish

[[Category:Documentation]]

GRASS Translation Glossary

2008-07-24T07:49:54Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Glossary */

This table provides a list of GRASS and GIS related terms. The glossary shall help to harmonize translation work of GRASS docs currently hosted at the [http://grass.itc.it/mailman/listinfo/translations GRASS Translation Project] and the [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation GDF Translation Portal].

== Help pages ==

I don't know how AltaVista feels about live linking, but on the wiki I've added experimental links to the Babelfish translator for the 6.3 online help pages:

* [[Updating_GRASS_Documentation#Translations]]

== Language specific notes ==

Note for French translators : les mots en caractères italiques signalent les anglicismes et les calques sur l'anglais qui sont néanmoins des termes d'usage courant, à chacun de choisir la traduction qu'il juge la plus adaptée et la plus compréhensible pour ses lecteurs. 

Note for Spanish translators: la terminología empleada aquí viene de la guía de inicio GRASS traducida por Guillermo Martínez.

Σημείωση για τους Έλληνες μεταφραστές: η ορολογία που εμφανίζεται είναι ενδεικτική, αποτελεί αντικείμενο συζήτησης μεταξύ των ενδιαφερόμενων και αναρτήθηκε από τον Κίμωνα Παπαδημτρίου. 

Note for Portuguese translators: Indicar a variante regional, quando houver. Os termos empregados provém na maioria da tradução brasileira, feita inicialmente por Paulo Marcondes. 

Note for Korean translators: GRASS의 한글화에 관심이 있으신 분은 [http://groups.google.com/group/osgeo-kr OSGeo 한국어 지부]에 참여해 주세요.

== Glossary ==

{| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | ENGLISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | FRENCH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | GERMAN
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | SPANISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [http://wiki.gfoss.it/index.php/Traduzioni ITALIAN]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | GREEK
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | FINNISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [[Traducao | PORTUGUESE]]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | CZECH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [http://gis-lab.info/docs/grass/glossary.html RUSSIAN]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | CHINESE(Simplified)
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | KOREAN

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="de" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="es" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fi" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="cz" | tráva
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GRASS
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | 2D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | 2D ; bidimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D ; zweidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D/bidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | 2D/bidimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | 2Δ/ διδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | 2D ; bidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | 2D, двухмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="zh_cn" | 2D；2维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 2차원

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | 2.5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | 2D1/2 ; pseudo tridimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D ; zweieinhalbdimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D / pseudotridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | 2,5D / 2 ½ D / pseudo-tridimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | 2,5Δ/ ψευδοτριδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | 2,5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | 2.5D, псевдодвухмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 2.5D；2.5维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 2.5차원
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | 3D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | 3D ; tridimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D, dreidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D/tridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | 3D / tridimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | 3Δ/ τριδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | 3D; tridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | 3D, трехмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="zh_cn" | 3D；3维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 3차원
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | area
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | surface ; entité surfacique
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Fläche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | área; polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | superficie poligono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | επιφάνεια
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | área; polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | plocha
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | площадь
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 面积
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | area size
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | aire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Flächengröße
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | área del polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Area del poligono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εμβαδόν επφάνειας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | área do polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | výměra plochy
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | площадь
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 面积大小
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 면 크기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | orientación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | esposizione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | προσανατολισμός, έκθεση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | orientação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | expozice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | экспозиция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 方位
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 향
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | average
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | moyenne
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Durchschnitt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | media
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | medio/a
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μέσος όρος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | média
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | průměr
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | среднее
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 平均
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 평균
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | boundaries
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | contours
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | boundaries; Flächengrenze
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | contornos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | confini
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ισαριθμικές (ισοϋψείς)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | contornos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | hranice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | границы
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 边界
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 경계
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | zone tampon ; buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Puffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | buffer area adiacente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | περιοχή επεξεργασίας (περιφερειακή ζώνη) ; buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | área de influência
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | buffer, obalová (vyrovnávací) zóna
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | буфер, буферная зона
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 缓冲区
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 버퍼
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | category
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | catégorie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Kategorie [pl. Kategorien]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | categoría
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | categoria
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κατηγορία
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | categoria
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kategorie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | категория
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 类别
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 분류
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | cell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Zelle [pl. Zellen]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | celda
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κελί
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ячейка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 单元
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 셀
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | [supervised/unsupervised] classification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | classification [dirigée/non dirigée];[cl. supervisée/non-supervisée ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [überwachte/unüberwachte] Klassifikation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | clasificación (supervisada/no supervisada)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | classificazione (guidata/automatica)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | [καθοδηγούμενη/αυτόματη] ταξινόμηση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | classificação supervisionada/não supervisionada (pt_BR) [guiada/automática](pt)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [řízená/neřízená] klasifikace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | классификация с обучением/без обучения
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [감독/무감독] 분류
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | classify (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | faire une classification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klassifizieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | clasificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | classificare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ταξινομώ
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | classificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klasifikovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | классифицировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 归类
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 분류하다

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | grappe ; cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | grupo; racimo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | cluster raggruppamento grappolo (?)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | συστάδα (συσταδοποίηση)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | agrupamento, ''cluster''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | cluster, shluk
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | кластер, группа
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 簇
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 군집
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | color table
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | table de couleurs
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Farbtabelle
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | tabla de colores
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | tavola dei colori tavolozza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | πίνακας χρωμάτων, χρωματικός πίνακας
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | paleta de cores
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | tabulka barev
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | таблица цветов
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 颜色表
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 색상표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| command
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | commande
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kommando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εντολή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkaz
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | команда
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 命令
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 명령
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| compilation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | compilation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Kompilierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | compilación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | compilazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | μεταγλώττιση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | compilação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kompilace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | компиляция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 编译
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| compile (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | compiler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | kompilieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | compilar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | compilare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μεταγλωττίζω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | compilar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | kompilovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | компилировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 编译
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| connection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | connexion
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Verbindung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | conexión
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | connessione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | σύνδεση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | conexão
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | spojení
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | соединение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 连接
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 연결
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| curvature
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | courbure
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | curvatura
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | καμπυλότητα
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | curvatura
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | кривизна
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지형만곡
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| dangles
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | 'boucles mortes'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Dangle; Überhang
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | 'asole'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ασυνέχειες
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | solto (?)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | висящие узлы
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 悬挂
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| [relational] database
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | base de données [relationnelle]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | relationale Datenbank
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | base de datos [relacional]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | base di dati [relazionale] database [relazionale]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | [σχεσιακή] βάση δεδομένων
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | base (banco) de dados [relacional]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | [relační] databáze
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | реляционная база данных
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [关系]数据库
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [관계형] 데이타베이스
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [Spearfish] database
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | Base de Données Géographiques [Spearfish] ; géodatabase [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [Spearfish] Datenbank
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | base de datos geográficos [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | base di dati geografici [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | βάση δεδομένων [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | base de dados geográficos [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | dataset [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | база данных [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [Spearfish]数据库
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [Spearfish] 데이타베이스
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datum [pl. Datums]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datum [pl. Datums]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ''datum''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | датум
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数据
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 데이텀
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | SGBD
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | SGBD/DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | DBMS (σύστημα διαχείρισης βάσεων δεδομένων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | SGBD / DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | databázový systém
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | СУБД
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数据库管理系统
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 데이타베이스 시스템
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| digitalization
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | numérisation ; digitalisation
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Digitalisierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | digitalización
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | digitalizzazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | ψηφιακοποίηση (ψηφιοποίηση)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | digitalização
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | digitalizace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оцифровка, векторизация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数字化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 디지탈화
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| digitize (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | numériser ; digitaliser
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalisieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | digitalizzare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ψηφιακοποιώ (ψηφιοποιώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | digitalizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalizovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | оцифровывать, векторизовать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数字化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 디지탈화하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | pilote
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Treiber
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | controlador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | οδηγός (πρόγραμμα) ; driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | dispositivo, ''driver''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | ovladač
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | драйвер
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 驱动
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 드라이버
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| ellipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | ellipsoïde
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ellipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | elipsoide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ellissoide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ελλειψοειδές
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | elipsóide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | elipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | эллипсоид
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 椭球
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 타원체
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| error matrix
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | matrice de confusion
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Konfusionsmatrix oder Fehlermatrix
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Matriz de errores
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | matrice di errore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μήτρα σφάλματος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | matriz de erros
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | chybová matice
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | матрица ошибок
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 오류행렬
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | exportation ; export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | exportación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | esportazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | εξαγωγή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | exportação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | экспорт
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 내보내기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| export (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | exporter
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | esportare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εξάγω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | exportar (para)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | экспортировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 내보내다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| file
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | fichier
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Datei
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | archivo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | file
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | αρχείο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ficheiro (pt), arquivo (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | soubor
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | файл
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 파일
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| file header
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | en-tête de fichier
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datei Header
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | encabezado; cabecera
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | header del file
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κεφαλίδα αρχείου
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | cabeçalho do ficheiro (pt) /cabeçalho do arquivo (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | hlavička souboru
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | заголовок файла
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 头文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 파일헤더
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | μορφότυπο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | formát
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | формат
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 格式（化）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 양식
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| free software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | logiciel libre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Freie Software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Software libre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Software libero
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | ελεύθερο λογισμικό
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ''software'' livre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | svobodný software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | свободное программное обеспечение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 自由[免费]软件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 자유소프트웨어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| geographic information sciences
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | géomatique ; sciences de l'information géographique
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Geographie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | geomática
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | geomatica
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF"lang="gr" | επιστήμες γεωγραφικών πληροφοριών, γεωπληροφορική
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ciências de informação geográfica , geomática
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | geoinformační vědy
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | геоинформатика
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息科学
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지리정보과학

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| Geographic Information System (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | Système d'Information Géographique (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Geographisches Informationssystem (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Sistema Informativo Geografico (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | Σύστημα Γεωγραφικών Πληροφοριών (ΣΓΠ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | geografický informační systém (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | Географическая Информационная Система (ГИС)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息系统
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지리정보시스템
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| GIS manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | gestionnaire SIG
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | GIS Manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Administrador GIS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Gestore GIS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | διαχειριστής GIS (περιβάλλον διαχείρισης ΣΓΠ/ΓΠΣ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | administrador (pt), Gerenciador (pt_BR) SIG
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | GIS manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | менеджер ГИС
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息系统管理员
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GIS 관리자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| GRASS shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | console GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | GRASS Shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consola de comandos GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | console testuale GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | περιβάλλον ελέγχου του GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | consola (pt) , console (pt_BR) GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkazový řádek GRASSu
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оболочка, командная строка GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | GRASS外壳程序
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GRASS 명령입력창
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| grid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | grille
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Raster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | malla, rejilla, cuadrícula
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''grid''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κάνναβος (πλέγμα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | malha, grade, ''grid''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mřížka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сетка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 网格（格网）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 격자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| graphics monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Grafik-Fenster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | monitor gráfico
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | οθόνη γραφικών, μηνύτορας γραφικών
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | графический монитор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图形监视器
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 그래픽 모니터
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| gray scale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | niveaux de gris
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | gray scale; graustufen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | escala de grises
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | scala di grigi
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίμακα του γκρι
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | escala de cinzas
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | stupně šedi
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | полутоновой, градации серого
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 灰度
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 흑백 스케일
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| Ground Control Points
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | points d'amer
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Passpunkt; Ground Control Points (GCPs)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Puntos de Control sobre el Terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | punti di controllo sul terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | φωτοσταθερά (σημεία ελέγχου στο έδαφος)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | Pontos de Controle Sobre o Terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | identické (vlícovací) body
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точки привязки
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地面控制点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지상기준점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | importation ; import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | importación
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | importazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εισαγωγή (δεδομένων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | importar, importação
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | импорт
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가져오기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| import (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | importer
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | importare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | εισάγω (δεδομένα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | importar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | импортировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가져오다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| input
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | entrée ; source
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Eingabe
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | entrada
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | inserimento di dati, ''input''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | είσοδος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | entrada, digitação
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vstup
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ввод
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 입력
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| kappa parameter
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | paramètre kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kappa Parameter
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | parámetro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | parametro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | παράμετρος κ (κάππα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | parâmetro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | koeficient kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | коэффициент каппа
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| key column
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | clef primaire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Key-Spalte
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | llave primaria
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | chiave primaria
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | πεδίο (στήλη) κλειδιού
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | coluna primária
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sloupec s klíčem
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ключевое поле
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| label
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | étiquette
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Label
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | etiqueta
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | etichetta
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ετικέτα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | etiqueta, rótulo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | štítek
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | метка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标注
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 이름표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| line
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | ligne
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Linie
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | línea
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | linea
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | γραμμή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | linha
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | linie
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | линия
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 行
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 선
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| line of sight analysis
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | analyse de type 'horizon visuel'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Sichtbarkeitsanalyse
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | análisis de línea de horizonte / análisis de visibilidad
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | analisi di visibilità / orizzonte visuale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ανάλυση οπτικού πεδίου
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | análise de visibilidade
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | analýza dohlednosti
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | анализ линии видимости
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标注
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 시정선 분석
|-
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | Secteur ; Location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Localización
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ''location''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | γεωγραφική περιοχή (τοποθεσία)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sijainti
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | locação, localização
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | location, lokace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | область
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 位置
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 위치
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [analogic] map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | carte (papier)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | analoge Karte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa [analógico]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa cartacea
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | [αναλογικός] χάρτης
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa (papel)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [analogová] mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | [аналоговая] карта?
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| map layer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | couche
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kartenlayer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | capa de mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | tematismo di una mappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | χαρτογραφικό επίπεδο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | capa (pt), camada (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | mapová vrstva
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | слой
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图层
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지도 레이어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | jeu de données ; mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | directorio de mapas
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | χαρτογραφικά δεδομένα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapset - soubor map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | набор (часть области)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图集
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지도세트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| mask
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | masque
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Maske
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | máscara
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | maschera
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μάσκα
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | máscara
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | maska
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | маска
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 마스크

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 'MASK'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''MASK''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 마스크
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | moniteur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Grafik-Fenster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | οθόνη, μηνύτορας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | наблюдать, монитор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 监视器
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 모니터
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| network
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | réseau ; graphe de réseau
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Netzwerk
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | red
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | rete
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | δίκτυο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | rede
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | síť
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сеть
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 网络
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 네트워크
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| node
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | noeud
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Knotenpunkt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | nodo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | nodo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κόμβος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | nodo (pt), nó (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | uzel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | узел
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 节点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 교점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| output
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | sortie ; cible
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ausgabe
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | salida (de datos)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | uscita, risultato ''output''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | έξοδος
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | saída, resultado
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | výstup
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | вывод, результат
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 출력
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| overwrite (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | écraser
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | überschreiben
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sobrescribir
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | sovrascrivere
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | επεγγράφω (αντικαθιστώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | sobrescrever
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | přepsat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | перезаписать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 改写
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 덮어쓰다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [software] package
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | paquet logiciel ; paquetage [logiciel]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Softwarepaket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | paquete [software]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | pacchetto software
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | πακέτο λογισμικού
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | paquete (pt), pacote (pt_BR) de [''software'']
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [softwarový] balíček
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | пакет [программ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 软件包
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [소프트웨어] 패키지
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| partial derivatives
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | dérivées partielles
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | partielle Ableitung
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | derivadas parciales
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | derivate parziali
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μερικές παράγωγοι
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | derivações (pt), derivadas (pt_BR) parciais
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | parciální derivace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | частные производные
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 편미분
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| PERMANENT mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | jeu de données PERMANENT ; j. de d. souche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | PERMANENT Mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | directorio de mapas PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''mapset'' PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | PERMANENT χαρτογραφικά δεδομένα (ΥΠΟΒΑΘΡΟ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''PERMANENT mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapset PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ПОСТОЯННЫЙ набор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | PERMANENT图集
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | PERMANENT 지도세트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | extension ; greffon ; plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | complemento
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | estesione del programma plugin
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | επέκταση, (επί-) πρόσθετο (plug-in)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | extensão, ''plug-in''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | zásuvný modul
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | подключаемый модуль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 插件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 플러그인
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| point
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | point
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Punkt
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | punto
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | punto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |σημείο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ponto
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | bod
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| pop-up window
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | fenêtre pop-up
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Pop-up Window
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Ventana emergente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | finestra pop-up
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | αναδυόμενο παράθυρο μηνύματος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | janela ''pop-up''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vyskakovací okno
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | всплывающее окно
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 弹出窗口
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 팝업윈도우
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| profile
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | profilo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |κατατομή (μηκοτομή)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | профиль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 档案文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 단면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| project
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | projet
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Projekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | proyecto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | progetto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | έργο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | projecto, projeto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | projekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | проект
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 投影；项目
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 투영하다, 프로젝트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| projection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | projection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Projektion
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | proyección
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | proiezione (cartografica)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |προβολή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | projecção, projeção
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | projekce (mapová)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | проекция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 投影
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 투영
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| prune (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | élaguer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | reduzieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | podar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |ελαχιστοποιώ (μειώνω)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | обрезать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 裁剪
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| raster map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | couche de données matricielles ; c. de d. raster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Rasterkarte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa ráster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa ráster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |ψηφιδωτό (ψηφιδωτά δεδομένα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa ''raster''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rastrová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | растр
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 栅格地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 라스터 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| read (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | lire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | lesen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | leer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | leggere
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |διαβάζω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | číst
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | читать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 读取
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 읽어들이다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| rectification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | recalage
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Georeferenzierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rectificación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | rettificazione raddrizzamento
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |γεωαναφορά
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | rectificação, retificação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rektifikace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ректификация, трансформация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 纠正
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 기하보정
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| rectify (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | recaler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | georeferenzieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | rectificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | rettificare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |γεωαναφέρω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | rectificar, retificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | rektifikovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | трансформировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 纠正
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 기하보정하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| region
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | région
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | region; Gebietsausdehnung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | región
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''region''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |περιοχή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | região
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | region - zájmové území
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | географический охват, фрагмент
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 区域
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 영역
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| resample (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | rééchantillonner
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | resamplen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | remuestrear
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ricampionare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |επανασυστώ
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | reamostrar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | převzorkovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | пересчитывать(изменять разрешение)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 重采样
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 리샘플링하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| resampling
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | rééchantillonnage
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | resample
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | remuestreo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ricampionamento
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |επανασύσταση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | reamostragem
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | převzorkování
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ресэмплинг, пересчет
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 重采样
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 리샘플링
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| RGB (Red Green Blue)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | RVB (Rouge Vert Bleu) ; RGB
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB (Rojo Verde Azul)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | RGB (Red Green Blue)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | RGB (κόκκινο πράσινο μπλε) [βασικά χρώματα]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ''RGB'' (Vermelho Verde Azul)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB (červená, zelená, modrá)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | RGB (красный, зеленый, синий)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | RGB（红绿蓝）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | RGB (빨강 초록 파랑)
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| RMS error (Root Mean Square)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | erreur RMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | RMS-Fehler
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Error Medio Cuadrático (RMS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Scarto quadratico medio
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |σφάλμα RMS, ενεργό σφάλμα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | erro ''RMS'' (Erro Médio Quadrático)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | chyba RMS (střední kvadratická chyba)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ошибка RMS (среднеквадратическая ошибка)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 均方根
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 평균제곱근오차
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| root
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | administrateur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root, administrator
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root, administrador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | root, amministratore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |διαχειριστής [administrator]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | root, administrador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root (administrátor)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | root (админстратор)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 根；管理员
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 관리자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| save (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | sauvegarder
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | speichern
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | guardar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | salvare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |αποθηκεύω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | guardar (pt), salvar (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | ukládat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сохранять
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 保存（为）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 저장하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | escaneado
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | scansione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |σάρωση
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | digitalização, escaneamento (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | [от]сканированное изображение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 扫描
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 스캔
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| scan (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | scanner
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | scannen
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | escanear
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | scansionare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |σαρώνω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | digitalizar, escanear (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | skenovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сканировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 扫描
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 스캔하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | invite de commande
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kommandozeile; Shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consola de comandos UNIX
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | terminale linea di comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |περιβάλλον ελέγχου (γραμμή εντολών UNIX)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | linha de comandos, console, shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkazový řádek
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оболочка, командная строка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 外壳程序
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 명령입력창

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| sites map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | couche de données ponctuelles ; c. de d. sites
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 'Site' Karte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa de puntos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa di siti (punti)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |χάρτης θέσεων (περιοχής)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa de sítios, mapa de pontos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | bodová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точечный слой
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 站点地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 대상지 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| slope
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | pente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Hangneigung; slope
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | pendiente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | pendio; inclinazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίσης (μέτρο κλίσης)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | declive, declividade
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sklon
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | склон
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 斜面；斜率
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 경사
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''socket''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |υποδοχή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | soquete, ''socket''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | skocket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сокет
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 套接字
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 소켓
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| spectral signature file
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | fichier de signatures spectrales
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | spektrale Signatur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | archivo de la firma espectral
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | file della firma spettrale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |αρχείο φασματικής υπογραφής (φασματικών χαρακτηριστικών-ιδιοτήτων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ficheiro [arquivo] de assinatura espectral
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | soubor se spektrálními charakteristikami
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | файл спектральной сигнатуры
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| SQL clause
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | clause SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | SQL-Befehl
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | cláusula SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | clausola SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |πρόταση (διατύπωση) SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | cláusula SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klauzule SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | оператор SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | SQL语句
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | SQL 구문
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| SQL query
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | requête SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | SQL-Abfrage
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consulta SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | query SQL interrograzione SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |ερώτημα SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | consulta SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | dotaz SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | запрос SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | SQL查询
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | SQL 질의
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| standard deviation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | écart-type
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Standardabweichung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | desviación estandard
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Deviazione standard
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |τυπική απόκλιση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | desvio padrão
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | standardní odchylka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | стандартное отклонение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标准偏差
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 표준편차
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| steepness
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | escarpement
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Steilheit
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | inclinación
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Pendenza
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίση (απόκρημνο – απότομο)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | inclinação, declividade
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příklonnost
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | крутизна
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 坡度
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가파르기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| surface
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | relief
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Oberfläche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | superficie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | superficie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |ανάγλυφο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | superfície
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | povrch
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | поверхность
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 表面
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 표면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| [attribute] table
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | table [attributaire]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Attributtabelle
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | tabla [de atributos ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | tabella [degli attributi]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |πίνακας [ιδιοτήτων]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | tabela [atributos]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | [atributová] tabulka
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | таблица [атрибутов]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [属性]表
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [속성]표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | étiquette date&heure ; timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Zeitstempel; timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | indicador de tiempo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | χρονοσφραγίδα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | etiqueta de data
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | časová značka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | временная метка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 时间戳
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 타임스탬프
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| transect
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | transect
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Profilschnitt; transekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | transecto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | transetto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |τομή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | trajecto, perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | transekt (profil)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | трансекта, профиль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 横断面
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 횡단하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Varianz
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | varianza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | varianza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |μεταβλητότητα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | variância
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | вариация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 方差
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 변동
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| vector map
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | couche de données vectorielles ; c. de d. vecteurs
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Vektorkarte
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | mapa vectorial
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | mappa vettoriale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | διανυσματικά δεδομένα (διανύσματα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | mapa vectorial [vetorial]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | векторная карта
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| vectorization
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | vectorisation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vektorisierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vectorización
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Digitalizzazione/Vettorizzazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | διανυσματοποίηση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | vectorização, vetorização
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vektorizace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | векторизация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터화
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| vectorize (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | vectoriser
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorisieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vectorizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | vettorizzare digitalizzare (mappe cartacee)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | διανυσματοποιώ (ψηφιοποιώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | vectorizar [vetorizar]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorizovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | векторизовать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터화하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| vertice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | arc
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vertex
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vértice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | linea vettoriale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κορυφή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | vértice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | lomový (opěrný) bod
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | узел, вершина
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 顶点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 정점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| viewer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | visualiseur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Betrachter, Viewer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | visor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | visualizzatore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | θέαση (μέσο οπτικοποίησης)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | vizualizador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | prohlížeč
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | визуализатор, программа просмотра
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 뷰어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| workspace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | entorno de trabajo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |χώρος εργασίας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | рабочее пространство, проект
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 工作区
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 작업공간
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| write (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | écrire
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | schreiben
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | escribir
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | scrivere
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |εγγράφω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | escrever
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | zapsat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | записать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 写入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 쓰다
|}

[[Category:Documentation]]

GRASS Translation Glossary

2008-07-24T02:33:27Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Language specific notes */

This table provides a list of GRASS and GIS related terms. The glossary shall help to harmonize translation work of GRASS docs currently hosted at the [http://grass.itc.it/mailman/listinfo/translations GRASS Translation Project] and the [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation GDF Translation Portal].

== Help pages ==

I don't know how AltaVista feels about live linking, but on the wiki I've added experimental links to the Babelfish translator for the 6.3 online help pages:

* [[Updating_GRASS_Documentation#Translations]]

== Language specific notes ==

Note for French translators : les mots en caractères italiques signalent les anglicismes et les calques sur l'anglais qui sont néanmoins des termes d'usage courant, à chacun de choisir la traduction qu'il juge la plus adaptée et la plus compréhensible pour ses lecteurs. 

Note for Spanish translators: la terminología empleada aquí viene de la guía de inicio GRASS traducida por Guillermo Martínez.

Σημείωση για τους Έλληνες μεταφραστές: η ορολογία που εμφανίζεται είναι ενδεικτική, αποτελεί αντικείμενο συζήτησης μεταξύ των ενδιαφερόμενων και αναρτήθηκε από τον Κίμωνα Παπαδημτρίου. 

Note for Portuguese translators: Indicar a variante regional, quando houver. Os termos empregados provém na maioria da tradução brasileira, feita inicialmente por Paulo Marcondes. 

Note for Korean translators: GRASS의 한글화에 관심이 있으신 분은 [http://groups.google.com/group/osgeo-kr OSGeo 한국어 지부]에 참여해 주세요.

== Glossary ==

{| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | ENGLISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | FRENCH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | GERMAN
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | SPANISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [http://wiki.gfoss.it/index.php/Traduzioni ITALIAN]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | GREEK
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | FINNISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [[Traducao | PORTUGUESE]]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | CZECH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [http://gis-lab.info/docs/grass/glossary.html RUSSIAN]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | CHINESE(Simplified)
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | KOREAN

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="de" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="es" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fi" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="cz" | tráva
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GRASS
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | 2D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | 2D ; bidimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D ; zweidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D/bidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | 2D/bidimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | 2Δ/ διδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | 2D ; bidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | 2D, двухмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="zh_cn" | 2D；2维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 2차원

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | 2.5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | 2D1/2 ; pseudo tridimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D ; zweieinhalbdimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D / pseudotridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | 2,5D / 2 ½ D / pseudo-tridimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | 2,5Δ/ ψευδοτριδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | 2,5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | 2.5D, псевдодвухмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 2.5D；2.5维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 2.5차원
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | 3D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | 3D ; tridimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D, dreidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D/tridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | 3D / tridimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | 3Δ/ τριδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | 3D; tridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | 3D, трехмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="zh_cn" | 3D；3维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 3차원
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | area
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | surface ; entité surfacique
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Fläche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | área; polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | superficie poligono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | επιφάνεια
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | área; polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | plocha
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | площадь
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 面积
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | area size
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | aire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Flächengröße
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | área del polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Area del poligono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εμβαδόν επφάνειας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | área do polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | výměra plochy
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | площадь
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 面积大小
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 면 크기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | orientación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | esposizione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | προσανατολισμός, έκθεση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | orientação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | expozice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | экспозиция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 方位
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 향
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | average
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | moyenne
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Durchschnitt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | media
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | medio/a
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μέσος όρος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | média
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | průměr
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | среднее
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 平均
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 평균
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | boundaries
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | contours
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | boundaries; Flächengrenze
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | contornos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | confini
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ισαριθμικές (ισοϋψείς)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | contornos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | hranice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | границы
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 边界
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 경계
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | zone tampon ; buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Puffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | buffer area adiacente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | περιοχή επεξεργασίας (περιφερειακή ζώνη) ; buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | área de influência
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | buffer, obalová (vyrovnávací) zóna
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | буфер, буферная зона
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 缓冲区
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 버퍼
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | category
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | catégorie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Kategorie [pl. Kategorien]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | categoría
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | categoria
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κατηγορία
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | categoria
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kategorie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | категория
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 类别
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 분류
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | cell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Zelle [pl. Zellen]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | celda
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κελί
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ячейка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 单元
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 셀
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | [supervised/unsupervised] classification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | classification [dirigée/non dirigée];[cl. supervisée/non-supervisée ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [überwachte/unüberwachte] Klassifikation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | clasificación (supervisada/no supervisada)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | classificazione (guidata/automatica)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | [καθοδηγούμενη/αυτόματη] ταξινόμηση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | classificação supervisionada/não supervisionada (pt_BR) [guiada/automática](pt)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [řízená/neřízená] klasifikace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | классификация с обучением/без обучения
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [감독/무감독] 분류
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | classify (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | faire une classification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klassifizieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | clasificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | classificare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ταξινομώ
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | classificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klasifikovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | классифицировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 归类
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 분류하다

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | grappe ; cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | grupo; racimo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | cluster raggruppamento grappolo (?)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | συστάδα (συσταδοποίηση)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | agrupamento, ''cluster''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | cluster, shluk
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | кластер, группа
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 簇
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 군집
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | color table
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | table de couleurs
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Farbtabelle
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | tabla de colores
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | tavola dei colori tavolozza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | πίνακας χρωμάτων, χρωματικός πίνακας
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | paleta de cores
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | tabulka barev
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | таблица цветов
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 颜色表
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 색상표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| command
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | commande
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kommando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εντολή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkaz
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | команда
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 命令
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 명령
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| compilation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | compilation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Kompilierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | compilación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | compilazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | μεταγλώττιση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | compilação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kompilace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | компиляция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 编译
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| compile (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | compiler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | kompilieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | compilar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | compilare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μεταγλωττίζω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | compilar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | kompilovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | компилировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 编译
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| connection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | connexion
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Verbindung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | conexión
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | connessione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | σύνδεση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | conexão
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | spojení
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | соединение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 连接
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 연결
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| curvature
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | courbure
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | curvatura
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | καμπυλότητα
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | curvatura
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | кривизна
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지형만곡
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| dangles
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | 'boucles mortes'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Dangle; Überhang
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | 'asole'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ασυνέχειες
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | solto (?)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | висящие узлы
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 悬挂
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| [relational] database
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | base de données [relationnelle]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | relationale Datenbank
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | base de datos [relacional]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | base di dati [relazionale] database [relazionale]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | [σχεσιακή] βάση δεδομένων
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | base (banco) de dados [relacional]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | [relační] databáze
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | реляционная база данных
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [关系]数据库
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [관계형] 데이타베이스
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [Spearfish] database
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | Base de Données Géographiques [Spearfish] ; géodatabase [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [Spearfish] Datenbank
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | base de datos geográficos [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | base di dati geografici [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | βάση δεδομένων [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | base de dados geográficos [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | dataset [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | база данных [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [Spearfish]数据库
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [Spearfish] 데이타베이스
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datum [pl. Datums]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datum [pl. Datums]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ''datum''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | датум
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数据
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 데이텀
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | SGBD
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | SGBD/DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | DBMS (σύστημα διαχείρισης βάσεων δεδομένων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | SGBD / DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | databázový systém
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | СУБД
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数据库管理系统
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 데이타베이스 시스템
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| digitalization
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | numérisation ; digitalisation
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Digitalisierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | digitalización
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | digitalizzazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | ψηφιακοποίηση (ψηφιοποίηση)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | digitalização
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | digitalizace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оцифровка, векторизация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数字化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 디지탈화
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| digitize (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | numériser ; digitaliser
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalisieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | digitalizzare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ψηφιακοποιώ (ψηφιοποιώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | digitalizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalizovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | оцифровывать, векторизовать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数字化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 디지탈화하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | pilote
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Treiber
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | controlador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | οδηγός (πρόγραμμα) ; driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | dispositivo, ''driver''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | ovladač
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | драйвер
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 驱动
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 드라이버
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| ellipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | ellipsoïde
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ellipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | elipsoide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ellissoide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ελλειψοειδές
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | elipsóide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | elipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | эллипсоид
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 椭球
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 타원체
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| error matrix
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | matrice de confusion
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Konfusionsmatrix oder Fehlermatrix
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Matriz de errores
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | matrice di errore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μήτρα σφάλματος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | matriz de erros
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | chybová matice
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | матрица ошибок
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 오류행렬
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | exportation ; export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | exportación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | esportazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | εξαγωγή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | exportação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | экспорт
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 내보내기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| export (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | exporter
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | esportare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εξάγω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | exportar (para)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | экспортировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 내보내다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| file
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | fichier
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Datei
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | archivo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | file
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | αρχείο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ficheiro (pt), arquivo (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | soubor
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | файл
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 파일
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| file header
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | en-tête de fichier
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datei Header
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | encabezado; cabecera
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | header del file
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κεφαλίδα αρχείου
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | cabeçalho do ficheiro (pt) /cabeçalho do arquivo (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | hlavička souboru
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | заголовок файла
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 头文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 파일헤더
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | μορφότυπο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | formát
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | формат
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 格式（化）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 양식
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| free software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | logiciel libre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Freie Software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Software libre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Software libero
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | ελεύθερο λογισμικό
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ''software'' livre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | svobodný software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | свободное программное обеспечение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 自由[免费]软件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 자유소프트웨어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| geographic information sciences
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | géomatique ; sciences de l'information géographique
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Geographie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | geomática
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | geomatica
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF"lang="gr" | επιστήμες γεωγραφικών πληροφοριών, γεωπληροφορική
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ciências de informação geográfica , geomática
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | geoinformační vědy
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | геоинформатика
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息科学
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지리정보과학

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| Geographic Information System (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | Système d'Information Géographique (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Geographisches Informationssystem (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Sistema Informativo Geografico (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | Σύστημα Γεωγραφικών Πληροφοριών (ΣΓΠ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | geografický informační systém (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | Географическая Информационная Система (ГИС)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息系统
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지리정보시스템
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| GIS manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | gestionnaire SIG
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | GIS Manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Administrador GIS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Gestore GIS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | διαχειριστής GIS (περιβάλλον διαχείρισης ΣΓΠ/ΓΠΣ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | administrador (pt), Gerenciador (pt_BR) SIG
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | GIS manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | менеджер ГИС
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息系统管理员
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GIS 관리자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| GRASS shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | console GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | GRASS Shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consola de comandos GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | console testuale GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | περιβάλλον ελέγχου του GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | consola (pt) , console (pt_BR) GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkazový řádek GRASSu
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оболочка, командная строка GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | GRASS外壳程序
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GRASS 명령입력창
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| grid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | grille
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Raster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | malla, rejilla, cuadrícula
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''grid''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κάνναβος (πλέγμα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | malha, grade, ''grid''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mřížka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сетка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 网格（格网）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 격자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| graphics monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Grafik-Fenster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | monitor gráfico
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | οθόνη γραφικών, μηνύτορας γραφικών
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | графический монитор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图形监视器
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 그래픽 모니터
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| gray scale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | niveaux de gris
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | gray scale; graustufen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | escala de grises
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | scala di grigi
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίμακα του γκρι
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | escala de cinzas
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | stupně šedi
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | полутоновой, градации серого
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 灰度
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 흑백 스케일
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| Ground Control Points
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | points d'amer
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Passpunkt; Ground Control Points (GCPs)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Puntos de Control sobre el Terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | punti di controllo sul terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | φωτοσταθερά (σημεία ελέγχου στο έδαφος)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | Pontos de Controle Sobre o Terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | identické (vlícovací) body
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точки привязки
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地面控制点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지상기준점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | importation ; import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | importación
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | importazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εισαγωγή (δεδομένων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | importar, importação
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | импорт
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가져오기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| import (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | importer
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | importare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | εισάγω (δεδομένα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | importar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | импортировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가져오다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| input
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | entrée ; source
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Eingabe
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | entrada
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | inserimento di dati, ''input''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | είσοδος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | entrada, digitação
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vstup
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ввод
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 입력
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| kappa parameter
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | paramètre kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kappa Parameter
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | parámetro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | parametro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | παράμετρος κ (κάππα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | parâmetro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | koeficient kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | коэффициент каппа
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| key column
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | clef primaire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Key-Spalte
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | llave primaria
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | chiave primaria
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | πεδίο (στήλη) κλειδιού
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | coluna primária
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sloupec s klíčem
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ключевое поле
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| label
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | étiquette
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Label
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | etiqueta
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | etichetta
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ετικέτα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | etiqueta, rótulo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | štítek
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | метка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标注
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 이름표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| line
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | ligne
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Linie
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | línea
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | linea
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | γραμμή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | linha
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | linie
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | линия
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 行
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 선
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| line of sight analysis
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | analyse de type 'horizon visuel'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Sichtbarkeitsanalyse
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | análisis de línea de horizonte / análisis de visibilidad
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | analisi di visibilità / orizzonte visuale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ανάλυση οπτικού πεδίου
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | análise de visibilidade
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | analýza dohlednosti
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | анализ линии видимости
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标注
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 시정선 분석
|-
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | Secteur ; Location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Localización
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ''location''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | γεωγραφική περιοχή (τοποθεσία)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sijainti
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | locação, localização
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | location, lokace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | область
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 位置
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 위치
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [analogic] map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | carte (papier)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | analoge Karte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa [analógico]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa cartacea
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | [αναλογικός] χάρτης
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa (papel)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [analogová] mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | [аналоговая] карта?
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| map layer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | couche
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kartenlayer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | capa de mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | tematismo di una mappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | χαρτογραφικό επίπεδο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | capa (pt), camada (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | mapová vrstva
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | слой
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图层
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지도 레이어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | jeu de données ; mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | directorio de mapas
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | χαρτογραφικά δεδομένα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapset - soubor map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | набор (часть области)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图集
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지도세트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| mask
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | masque
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Maske
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | máscara
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | maschera
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μάσκα
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | máscara
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | maska
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | маска
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 마스크

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 'MASK'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''MASK''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 마스크
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | moniteur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Grafik-Fenster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | οθόνη, μηνύτορας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | наблюдать, монитор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 监视器
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 모니터
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| network
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | réseau ; graphe de réseau
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Netzwerk
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | red
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | rete
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | δίκτυο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | rede
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | síť
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сеть
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 网络
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 네트워크
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| node
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | noeud
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Knotenpunkt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | nodo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | nodo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κόμβος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | nodo (pt), nó (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | uzel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | узел
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 节点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 교점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| output
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | sortie ; cible
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ausgabe
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | salida (de datos)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | uscita, risultato ''output''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | έξοδος
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | saída, resultado
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | výstup
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | вывод, результат
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 출력
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| overwrite (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | écraser
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | überschreiben
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sobrescribir
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | sovrascrivere
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | επεγγράφω (αντικαθιστώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | sobrescrever
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | přepsat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | перезаписать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 改写
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 덮어쓰다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [software] package
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | paquet logiciel ; paquetage [logiciel]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Softwarepaket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | paquete [software]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | pacchetto software
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | πακέτο λογισμικού
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | paquete (pt), pacote (pt_BR) de [''software'']
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [softwarový] balíček
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | пакет [программ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 软件包
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [소프트웨어] 패키지
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| partial derivatives
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | dérivées partielles
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | partielle Ableitung
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | derivadas parciales
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | derivate parziali
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μερικές παράγωγοι
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | derivações (pt), derivadas (pt_BR) parciais
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | parciální derivace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | частные производные
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 편미분
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| PERMANENT mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | jeu de données PERMANENT ; j. de d. souche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | PERMANENT Mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | directorio de mapas PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''mapset'' PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | PERMANENT χαρτογραφικά δεδομένα (ΥΠΟΒΑΘΡΟ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''PERMANENT mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapset PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ПОСТОЯННЫЙ набор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | PERMANENT图集
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | PERMANENT 지도세트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | extension ; greffon ; plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | complemento
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | estesione del programma plugin
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | επέκταση, (επί-) πρόσθετο (plug-in)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | extensão, ''plug-in''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | zásuvný modul
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | подключаемый модуль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 插件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 플러그인
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| point
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | point
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Punkt
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | punto
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | punto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |σημείο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ponto
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | bod
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| pop-up window
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | fenêtre pop-up
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Pop-up Window
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Ventana emergente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | finestra pop-up
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | αναδυόμενο παράθυρο μηνύματος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | janela ''pop-up''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vyskakovací okno
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | всплывающее окно
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 弹出窗口
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 팝업윈도우
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| profile
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | profilo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |κατατομή (μηκοτομή)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | профиль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 档案文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 단면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| project
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | projet
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Projekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | proyecto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | progetto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | έργο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | projecto, projeto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | projekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | проект
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 投影；项目
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 투영하다, 프로젝트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| projection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | projection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Projektion
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | proyección
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | proiezione (cartografica)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |προβολή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | projecção, projeção
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | projekce (mapová)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | проекция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 投影
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 투영
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| prune (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | élaguer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | reduzieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | podar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |ελαχιστοποιώ (μειώνω)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | обрезать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 裁剪
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| raster map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | couche de données matricielles ; c. de d. raster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Rasterkarte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa ráster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa ráster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |ψηφιδωτό (ψηφιδωτά δεδομένα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa ''raster''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rastrová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | растр
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 栅格地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 라스터 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| read (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | lire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | lesen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | leer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | leggere
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |διαβάζω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | číst
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | читать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 读取
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 읽어들이다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| rectification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | recalage
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Georeferenzierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rectificación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | rettificazione raddrizzamento
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |γεωαναφορά
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | rectificação, retificação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rektifikace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ректификация, трансформация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 纠正
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 기하보정
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| rectify (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | recaler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | georeferenzieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | rectificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | rettificare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |γεωαναφέρω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | rectificar, retificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | rektifikovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | трансформировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 纠正
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 기하보정하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| region
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | région
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | region; Gebietsausdehnung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | región
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''region''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |περιοχή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | região
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | region - zájmové území
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | географический охват, фрагмент
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 区域
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 영역
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| resample (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | rééchantillonner
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | resamplen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | remuestrear
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ricampionare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |επανασυστώ
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | reamostrar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | převzorkovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | пересчитывать(изменять разрешение)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 重采样
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 리샘플링하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| resampling
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | rééchantillonnage
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | resample
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | remuestreo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ricampionamento
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |επανασύσταση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | reamostragem
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | převzorkování
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ресэмплинг, пересчет
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 重采样
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 리샘플링
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| RGB (Red Green Blue)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | RVB (Rouge Vert Bleu) ; RGB
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB (Rojo Verde Azul)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | RGB (Red Green Blue)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | RGB (κόκκινο πράσινο μπλε) [βασικά χρώματα]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ''RGB'' (Vermelho Verde Azul)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB (červená, zelená, modrá)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | RGB (красный, зеленый, синий)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | RGB（红绿蓝）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | RGB (빨강 초록 파랑)
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| RMS error (Root Mean Square)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | erreur RMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | RMS-Fehler
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Error Medio Cuadrático (RMS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Scarto quadratico medio
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |σφάλμα RMS, ενεργό σφάλμα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | erro ''RMS'' (Erro Médio Quadrático)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | chyba RMS (střední kvadratická chyba)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ошибка RMS (среднеквадратическая ошибка)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 均方根
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 평균제곱근오차
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| root
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | administrateur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root, administrator
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root, administrador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | root, amministratore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |διαχειριστής [administrator]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | root, administrador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root (administrátor)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | root (админстратор)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 根；管理员
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 관리자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| save (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | sauvegarder
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | speichern
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | guardar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | salvare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |αποθηκεύω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | guardar (pt), salvar (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | ukládat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сохранять
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 保存（为）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 저장하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | escaneado
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | scansione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |σάρωση
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | digitalização, escaneamento (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | [от]сканированное изображение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 扫描
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 스캔
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| scan (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | scanner
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | scannen
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | escanear
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | scansionare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |σαρώνω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | digitalizar, escanear (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | skenovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сканировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 扫描
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 스캔하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | invite de commande
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kommandozeile; Shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consola de comandos UNIX
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | terminale linea di comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |περιβάλλον ελέγχου (γραμμή εντολών UNIX)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | linha de comandos, console, shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkazový řádek
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оболочка, командная строка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 外壳程序
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 명령입력창

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| sites map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | couche de données ponctuelles ; c. de d. sites
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 'Site' Karte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa de puntos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa di siti (punti)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |χάρτης θέσεων (περιοχής)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa de sítios, mapa de pontos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | bodová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точечный слой
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 站点地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 대상지 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| slope
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | pente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Hangneigung; slope
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | pendiente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | pendio; inclinazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίσης (μέτρο κλίσης)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | declive, declividade
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sklon
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | склон
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 斜面；斜率
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 경사
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''socket''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |υποδοχή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | soquete, ''socket''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | skocket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сокет
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 套接字
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 소켓
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| spectral signature file
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | fichier de signatures spectrales
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | spektrale Signatur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | archivo de la firma espectral
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | file della firma spettrale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |αρχείο φασματικής υπογραφής (φασματικών χαρακτηριστικών-ιδιοτήτων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ficheiro [arquivo] de assinatura espectral
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | soubor se spektrálními charakteristikami
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | файл спектральной сигнатуры
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| SQL clause
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | clause SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | SQL-Befehl
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | cláusula SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | clausola SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |πρόταση (διατύπωση) SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | cláusula SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klauzule SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | оператор SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | SQL语句
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | SQL 구문
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| SQL query
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | requête SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | SQL-Abfrage
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consulta SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | query SQL interrograzione SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |ερώτημα SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | consulta SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | dotaz SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | запрос SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | SQL查询
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | SQL 질의
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| standard deviation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | écart-type
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Standardabweichung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | desviación estandard
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Deviazione standard
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |τυπική απόκλιση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | desvio padrão
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | standardní odchylka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | стандартное отклонение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标准偏差
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 표준편차
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| steepness
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | escarpement
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Steilheit
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | inclinación
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Pendenza
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίση (απόκρημνο – απότομο)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | inclinação, declividade
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příklonnost
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | крутизна
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 坡度
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가파르기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| surface
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | relief
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Oberfläche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | superficie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | superficie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |ανάγλυφο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | superfície
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | povrch
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | поверхность
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 表面
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 표면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| [attribute] table
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | table [attributaire]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Attributtabelle
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | tabla [de atributos ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | tabella [degli attributi]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |πίνακας [ιδιοτήτων]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | tabela [atributos]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | [atributová] tabulka
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | таблица [атрибутов]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [属性]表
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [속성]표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | étiquette date&heure ; timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Zeitstempel; timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | indicador de tiempo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | χρονοσφραγίδα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | etiqueta de data
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | časová značka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | временная метка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 时间戳
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 타임스탬프
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| transect
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | transect
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Profilschnitt; transekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | transecto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | transetto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |τομή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | trajecto, perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | transekt (profil)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | трансекта, профиль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 横断面
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 횡단하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Varianz
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | varianza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | varianza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |μεταβλητότητα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | variância
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | вариация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 方差
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 변동
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| vector map
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | couche de données vectorielles ; c. de d. vecteurs
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Vektorkarte
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | mapa vectorial
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | mappa vettoriale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | διανυσματικά δεδομένα (διανύσματα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | mapa vectorial [vetorial]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | векторная карта
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| vectorization
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | vectorisation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vektorisierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vectorización
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Digitalizzazione/Vettorizzazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | διανυσματοποίηση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | vectorização, vetorização
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vektorizace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | векторизация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터화
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| vectorize (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | vectoriser
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorisieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vectorizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | vettorizzare digitalizzare (mappe cartacee)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | διανυσματοποιώ (ψηφιοποιώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | vectorizar [vetorizar]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorizovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | векторизовать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터화하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| vertice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | arc
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vertex
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vértice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | linea vettoriale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κορυφή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | vértice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | lomový (opěrný) bod
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | узел, вершина
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 顶点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 정점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| viewer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | visualiseur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Betrachter, Viewer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | visor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | visualizzatore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | θέαση (μέσο οπτικοποίησης)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | vizualizador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | prohlížeč
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | визуализатор, программа просмотра
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 뷰어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| workspace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | entorno de trabajo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |χώρος εργασίας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | рабочее пространство, проект
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 工作区
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 작업공간
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| write (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | écrire
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | schreiben
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | escribir
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | scrivere
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |εγγράφω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | escrever
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | zapsat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | записать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 写入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 쓰다
|}

[[Category:Documentation]]

GRASS Translation Glossary

2008-07-24T02:29:50Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Added Korean

This table provides a list of GRASS and GIS related terms. The glossary shall help to harmonize translation work of GRASS docs currently hosted at the [http://grass.itc.it/mailman/listinfo/translations GRASS Translation Project] and the [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation GDF Translation Portal].

== Help pages ==

I don't know how AltaVista feels about live linking, but on the wiki I've added experimental links to the Babelfish translator for the 6.3 online help pages:

* [[Updating_GRASS_Documentation#Translations]]

== Language specific notes ==

Note for French translators : les mots en caractères italiques signalent les anglicismes et les calques sur l'anglais qui sont néanmoins des termes d'usage courant, à chacun de choisir la traduction qu'il juge la plus adaptée et la plus compréhensible pour ses lecteurs. 

Note for Spanish translators: la terminología empleada aquí viene de la guía de inicio GRASS traducida por Guillermo Martínez.

Σημείωση για τους Έλληνες μεταφραστές: η ορολογία που εμφανίζεται είναι ενδεικτική, αποτελεί αντικείμενο συζήτησης μεταξύ των ενδιαφερόμενων και αναρτήθηκε από τον Κίμωνα Παπαδημτρίου. 

Note for Portuguese translators: Indicar a variante regional, quando houver. Os termos empregados provém na maioria da tradução brasileira, feita inicialmente por Paulo Marcondes.

== Glossary ==

{| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | ENGLISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | FRENCH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | GERMAN
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | SPANISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [http://wiki.gfoss.it/index.php/Traduzioni ITALIAN]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | GREEK
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | FINNISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [[Traducao | PORTUGUESE]]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | CZECH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [http://gis-lab.info/docs/grass/glossary.html RUSSIAN]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | CHINESE(Simplified)
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | KOREAN

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="de" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="es" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fi" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="cz" | tráva
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GRASS
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | 2D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | 2D ; bidimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D ; zweidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D/bidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | 2D/bidimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | 2Δ/ διδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | 2D ; bidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | 2D, двухмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="zh_cn" | 2D；2维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 2차원

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | 2.5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | 2D1/2 ; pseudo tridimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D ; zweieinhalbdimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D / pseudotridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | 2,5D / 2 ½ D / pseudo-tridimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | 2,5Δ/ ψευδοτριδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | 2,5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | 2.5D, псевдодвухмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 2.5D；2.5维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 2.5차원
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | 3D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | 3D ; tridimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D, dreidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D/tridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | 3D / tridimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | 3Δ/ τριδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | 3D; tridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | 3D, трехмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="zh_cn" | 3D；3维
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ko" | 3차원
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | area
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | surface ; entité surfacique
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Fläche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | área; polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | superficie poligono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | επιφάνεια
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | área; polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | plocha
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | площадь
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 面积
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | area size
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | aire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Flächengröße
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | área del polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Area del poligono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εμβαδόν επφάνειας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | área do polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | výměra plochy
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | площадь
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 面积大小
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 면 크기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | orientación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | esposizione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | προσανατολισμός, έκθεση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | orientação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | expozice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | экспозиция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 方位
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 향
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | average
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | moyenne
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Durchschnitt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | media
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | medio/a
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μέσος όρος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | média
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | průměr
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | среднее
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 平均
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 평균
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | boundaries
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | contours
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | boundaries; Flächengrenze
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | contornos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | confini
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ισαριθμικές (ισοϋψείς)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | contornos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | hranice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | границы
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 边界
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 경계
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | zone tampon ; buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Puffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | buffer area adiacente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | περιοχή επεξεργασίας (περιφερειακή ζώνη) ; buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | área de influência
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | buffer, obalová (vyrovnávací) zóna
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | буфер, буферная зона
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 缓冲区
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 버퍼
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | category
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | catégorie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Kategorie [pl. Kategorien]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | categoría
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | categoria
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κατηγορία
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | categoria
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kategorie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | категория
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 类别
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 분류
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | cell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Zelle [pl. Zellen]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | celda
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κελί
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ячейка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 单元
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 셀
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | [supervised/unsupervised] classification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | classification [dirigée/non dirigée];[cl. supervisée/non-supervisée ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [überwachte/unüberwachte] Klassifikation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | clasificación (supervisada/no supervisada)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | classificazione (guidata/automatica)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | [καθοδηγούμενη/αυτόματη] ταξινόμηση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | classificação supervisionada/não supervisionada (pt_BR) [guiada/automática](pt)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [řízená/neřízená] klasifikace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | классификация с обучением/без обучения
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [감독/무감독] 분류
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | classify (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | faire une classification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klassifizieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | clasificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | classificare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ταξινομώ
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | classificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klasifikovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | классифицировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 归类
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 분류하다

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | grappe ; cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | grupo; racimo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | cluster raggruppamento grappolo (?)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | συστάδα (συσταδοποίηση)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | agrupamento, ''cluster''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | cluster, shluk
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | кластер, группа
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 簇
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 군집
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | color table
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | table de couleurs
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Farbtabelle
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | tabla de colores
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | tavola dei colori tavolozza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | πίνακας χρωμάτων, χρωματικός πίνακας
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | paleta de cores
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | tabulka barev
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | таблица цветов
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 颜色表
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 색상표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| command
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | commande
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kommando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εντολή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkaz
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | команда
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 命令
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 명령
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| compilation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | compilation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Kompilierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | compilación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | compilazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | μεταγλώττιση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | compilação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kompilace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | компиляция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 编译
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| compile (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | compiler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | kompilieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | compilar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | compilare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μεταγλωττίζω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | compilar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | kompilovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | компилировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 编译
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| connection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | connexion
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Verbindung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | conexión
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | connessione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | σύνδεση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | conexão
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | spojení
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | соединение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 连接
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 연결
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| curvature
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | courbure
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | curvatura
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | καμπυλότητα
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | curvatura
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | кривизна
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지형만곡
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| dangles
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | 'boucles mortes'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Dangle; Überhang
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | 'asole'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ασυνέχειες
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | solto (?)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | висящие узлы
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 悬挂
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| [relational] database
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | base de données [relationnelle]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | relationale Datenbank
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | base de datos [relacional]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | base di dati [relazionale] database [relazionale]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | [σχεσιακή] βάση δεδομένων
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | base (banco) de dados [relacional]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | [relační] databáze
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | реляционная база данных
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [关系]数据库
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [관계형] 데이타베이스
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [Spearfish] database
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | Base de Données Géographiques [Spearfish] ; géodatabase [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [Spearfish] Datenbank
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | base de datos geográficos [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | base di dati geografici [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | βάση δεδομένων [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | base de dados geográficos [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | dataset [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | база данных [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [Spearfish]数据库
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [Spearfish] 데이타베이스
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datum [pl. Datums]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datum [pl. Datums]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ''datum''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | датум
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数据
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 데이텀
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | SGBD
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | SGBD/DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | DBMS (σύστημα διαχείρισης βάσεων δεδομένων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | SGBD / DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | databázový systém
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | СУБД
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数据库管理系统
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 데이타베이스 시스템
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| digitalization
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | numérisation ; digitalisation
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Digitalisierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | digitalización
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | digitalizzazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | ψηφιακοποίηση (ψηφιοποίηση)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | digitalização
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | digitalizace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оцифровка, векторизация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数字化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 디지탈화
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| digitize (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | numériser ; digitaliser
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalisieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | digitalizzare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ψηφιακοποιώ (ψηφιοποιώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | digitalizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalizovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | оцифровывать, векторизовать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数字化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 디지탈화하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | pilote
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Treiber
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | controlador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | οδηγός (πρόγραμμα) ; driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | dispositivo, ''driver''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | ovladač
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | драйвер
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 驱动
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 드라이버
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| ellipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | ellipsoïde
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ellipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | elipsoide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ellissoide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ελλειψοειδές
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | elipsóide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | elipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | эллипсоид
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 椭球
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 타원체
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| error matrix
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | matrice de confusion
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Konfusionsmatrix oder Fehlermatrix
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Matriz de errores
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | matrice di errore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μήτρα σφάλματος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | matriz de erros
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | chybová matice
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | матрица ошибок
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 오류행렬
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | exportation ; export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | exportación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | esportazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | εξαγωγή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | exportação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | экспорт
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 내보내기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| export (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | exporter
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | esportare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εξάγω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | exportar (para)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | экспортировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 내보내다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| file
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | fichier
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Datei
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | archivo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | file
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | αρχείο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ficheiro (pt), arquivo (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | soubor
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | файл
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 파일
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| file header
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | en-tête de fichier
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datei Header
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | encabezado; cabecera
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | header del file
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κεφαλίδα αρχείου
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | cabeçalho do ficheiro (pt) /cabeçalho do arquivo (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | hlavička souboru
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | заголовок файла
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 头文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 파일헤더
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | μορφότυπο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | formát
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | формат
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 格式（化）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 양식
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| free software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | logiciel libre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Freie Software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Software libre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Software libero
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | ελεύθερο λογισμικό
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ''software'' livre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | svobodný software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | свободное программное обеспечение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 自由[免费]软件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 자유소프트웨어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| geographic information sciences
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | géomatique ; sciences de l'information géographique
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Geographie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | geomática
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | geomatica
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF"lang="gr" | επιστήμες γεωγραφικών πληροφοριών, γεωπληροφορική
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ciências de informação geográfica , geomática
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | geoinformační vědy
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | геоинформатика
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息科学
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지리정보과학

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| Geographic Information System (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | Système d'Information Géographique (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Geographisches Informationssystem (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Sistema Informativo Geografico (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | Σύστημα Γεωγραφικών Πληροφοριών (ΣΓΠ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | geografický informační systém (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | Географическая Информационная Система (ГИС)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息系统
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지리정보시스템
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| GIS manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | gestionnaire SIG
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | GIS Manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Administrador GIS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Gestore GIS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | διαχειριστής GIS (περιβάλλον διαχείρισης ΣΓΠ/ΓΠΣ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | administrador (pt), Gerenciador (pt_BR) SIG
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | GIS manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | менеджер ГИС
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息系统管理员
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GIS 관리자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| GRASS shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | console GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | GRASS Shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consola de comandos GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | console testuale GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | περιβάλλον ελέγχου του GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | consola (pt) , console (pt_BR) GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkazový řádek GRASSu
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оболочка, командная строка GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | GRASS外壳程序
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | GRASS 명령입력창
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| grid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | grille
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Raster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | malla, rejilla, cuadrícula
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''grid''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κάνναβος (πλέγμα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | malha, grade, ''grid''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mřížka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сетка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 网格（格网）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 격자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| graphics monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Grafik-Fenster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | monitor gráfico
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | οθόνη γραφικών, μηνύτορας γραφικών
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | графический монитор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图形监视器
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 그래픽 모니터
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| gray scale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | niveaux de gris
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | gray scale; graustufen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | escala de grises
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | scala di grigi
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίμακα του γκρι
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | escala de cinzas
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | stupně šedi
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | полутоновой, градации серого
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 灰度
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 흑백 스케일
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| Ground Control Points
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | points d'amer
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Passpunkt; Ground Control Points (GCPs)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Puntos de Control sobre el Terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | punti di controllo sul terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | φωτοσταθερά (σημεία ελέγχου στο έδαφος)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | Pontos de Controle Sobre o Terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | identické (vlícovací) body
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точки привязки
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地面控制点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지상기준점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | importation ; import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | importación
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | importazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εισαγωγή (δεδομένων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | importar, importação
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | импорт
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가져오기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| import (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | importer
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | importare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | εισάγω (δεδομένα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | importar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | импортировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가져오다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| input
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | entrée ; source
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Eingabe
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | entrada
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | inserimento di dati, ''input''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | είσοδος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | entrada, digitação
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vstup
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ввод
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 입력
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| kappa parameter
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | paramètre kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kappa Parameter
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | parámetro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | parametro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | παράμετρος κ (κάππα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | parâmetro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | koeficient kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | коэффициент каппа
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| key column
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | clef primaire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Key-Spalte
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | llave primaria
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | chiave primaria
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | πεδίο (στήλη) κλειδιού
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | coluna primária
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sloupec s klíčem
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ключевое поле
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| label
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | étiquette
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Label
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | etiqueta
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | etichetta
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ετικέτα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | etiqueta, rótulo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | štítek
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | метка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标注
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 이름표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| line
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | ligne
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Linie
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | línea
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | linea
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | γραμμή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | linha
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | linie
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | линия
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 行
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 선
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| line of sight analysis
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | analyse de type 'horizon visuel'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Sichtbarkeitsanalyse
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | análisis de línea de horizonte / análisis de visibilidad
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | analisi di visibilità / orizzonte visuale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ανάλυση οπτικού πεδίου
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | análise de visibilidade
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | analýza dohlednosti
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | анализ линии видимости
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标注
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 시정선 분석
|-
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | Secteur ; Location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Localización
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ''location''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | γεωγραφική περιοχή (τοποθεσία)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sijainti
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | locação, localização
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | location, lokace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | область
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 位置
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 위치
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [analogic] map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | carte (papier)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | analoge Karte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa [analógico]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa cartacea
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | [αναλογικός] χάρτης
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa (papel)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [analogová] mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | [аналоговая] карта?
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| map layer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | couche
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kartenlayer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | capa de mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | tematismo di una mappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | χαρτογραφικό επίπεδο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | capa (pt), camada (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | mapová vrstva
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | слой
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图层
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지도 레이어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | jeu de données ; mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | directorio de mapas
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | χαρτογραφικά δεδομένα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapset - soubor map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | набор (часть области)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图集
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 지도세트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| mask
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | masque
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Maske
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | máscara
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | maschera
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μάσκα
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | máscara
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | maska
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | маска
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 마스크

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 'MASK'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''MASK''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 마스크
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | moniteur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Grafik-Fenster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | οθόνη, μηνύτορας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | наблюдать, монитор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 监视器
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 모니터
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| network
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | réseau ; graphe de réseau
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Netzwerk
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | red
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | rete
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | δίκτυο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | rede
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | síť
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сеть
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 网络
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 네트워크
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| node
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | noeud
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Knotenpunkt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | nodo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | nodo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κόμβος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | nodo (pt), nó (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | uzel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | узел
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 节点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 교점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| output
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | sortie ; cible
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ausgabe
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | salida (de datos)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | uscita, risultato ''output''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | έξοδος
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | saída, resultado
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | výstup
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | вывод, результат
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 출력
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| overwrite (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | écraser
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | überschreiben
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sobrescribir
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | sovrascrivere
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | επεγγράφω (αντικαθιστώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | sobrescrever
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | přepsat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | перезаписать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 改写
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 덮어쓰다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [software] package
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | paquet logiciel ; paquetage [logiciel]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Softwarepaket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | paquete [software]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | pacchetto software
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | πακέτο λογισμικού
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | paquete (pt), pacote (pt_BR) de [''software'']
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [softwarový] balíček
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | пакет [программ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 软件包
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [소프트웨어] 패키지
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| partial derivatives
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | dérivées partielles
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | partielle Ableitung
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | derivadas parciales
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | derivate parziali
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μερικές παράγωγοι
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | derivações (pt), derivadas (pt_BR) parciais
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | parciální derivace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | частные производные
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 편미분
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| PERMANENT mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | jeu de données PERMANENT ; j. de d. souche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | PERMANENT Mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | directorio de mapas PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''mapset'' PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | PERMANENT χαρτογραφικά δεδομένα (ΥΠΟΒΑΘΡΟ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''PERMANENT mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapset PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ПОСТОЯННЫЙ набор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | PERMANENT图集
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | PERMANENT 지도세트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | extension ; greffon ; plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | complemento
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | estesione del programma plugin
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | επέκταση, (επί-) πρόσθετο (plug-in)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | extensão, ''plug-in''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | zásuvný modul
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | подключаемый модуль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 插件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 플러그인
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| point
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | point
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Punkt
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | punto
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | punto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |σημείο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ponto
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | bod
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| pop-up window
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | fenêtre pop-up
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Pop-up Window
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Ventana emergente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | finestra pop-up
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | αναδυόμενο παράθυρο μηνύματος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | janela ''pop-up''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vyskakovací okno
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | всплывающее окно
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 弹出窗口
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 팝업윈도우
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| profile
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | profilo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |κατατομή (μηκοτομή)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | профиль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 档案文件
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 단면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| project
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | projet
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Projekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | proyecto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | progetto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | έργο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | projecto, projeto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | projekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | проект
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 投影；项目
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 투영하다, 프로젝트
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| projection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | projection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Projektion
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | proyección
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | proiezione (cartografica)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |προβολή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | projecção, projeção
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | projekce (mapová)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | проекция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 投影
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 투영
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| prune (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | élaguer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | reduzieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | podar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |ελαχιστοποιώ (μειώνω)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | обрезать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 裁剪
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| raster map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | couche de données matricielles ; c. de d. raster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Rasterkarte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa ráster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa ráster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |ψηφιδωτό (ψηφιδωτά δεδομένα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa ''raster''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rastrová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | растр
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 栅格地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 라스터 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| read (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | lire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | lesen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | leer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | leggere
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |διαβάζω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | číst
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | читать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 读取
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 읽어들이다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| rectification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | recalage
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Georeferenzierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rectificación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | rettificazione raddrizzamento
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |γεωαναφορά
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | rectificação, retificação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rektifikace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ректификация, трансформация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 纠正
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 기하보정
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| rectify (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | recaler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | georeferenzieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | rectificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | rettificare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |γεωαναφέρω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | rectificar, retificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | rektifikovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | трансформировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 纠正
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 기하보정하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| region
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | région
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | region; Gebietsausdehnung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | región
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''region''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |περιοχή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | região
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | region - zájmové území
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | географический охват, фрагмент
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 区域
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 영역
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| resample (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | rééchantillonner
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | resamplen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | remuestrear
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ricampionare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |επανασυστώ
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | reamostrar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | převzorkovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | пересчитывать(изменять разрешение)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 重采样
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 리샘플링하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| resampling
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | rééchantillonnage
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | resample
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | remuestreo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ricampionamento
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |επανασύσταση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | reamostragem
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | převzorkování
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ресэмплинг, пересчет
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 重采样
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 리샘플링
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| RGB (Red Green Blue)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | RVB (Rouge Vert Bleu) ; RGB
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB (Rojo Verde Azul)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | RGB (Red Green Blue)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | RGB (κόκκινο πράσινο μπλε) [βασικά χρώματα]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ''RGB'' (Vermelho Verde Azul)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB (červená, zelená, modrá)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | RGB (красный, зеленый, синий)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | RGB（红绿蓝）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | RGB (빨강 초록 파랑)
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| RMS error (Root Mean Square)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | erreur RMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | RMS-Fehler
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Error Medio Cuadrático (RMS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Scarto quadratico medio
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |σφάλμα RMS, ενεργό σφάλμα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | erro ''RMS'' (Erro Médio Quadrático)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | chyba RMS (střední kvadratická chyba)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ошибка RMS (среднеквадратическая ошибка)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 均方根
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 평균제곱근오차
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| root
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | administrateur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root, administrator
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root, administrador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | root, amministratore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |διαχειριστής [administrator]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | root, administrador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root (administrátor)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | root (админстратор)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 根；管理员
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 관리자
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| save (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | sauvegarder
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | speichern
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | guardar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | salvare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |αποθηκεύω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | guardar (pt), salvar (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | ukládat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сохранять
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 保存（为）
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 저장하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | escaneado
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | scansione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |σάρωση
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | digitalização, escaneamento (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | [от]сканированное изображение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 扫描
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 스캔
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| scan (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | scanner
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | scannen
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | escanear
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | scansionare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |σαρώνω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | digitalizar, escanear (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | skenovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сканировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 扫描
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 스캔하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | invite de commande
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kommandozeile; Shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consola de comandos UNIX
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | terminale linea di comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |περιβάλλον ελέγχου (γραμμή εντολών UNIX)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | linha de comandos, console, shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkazový řádek
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оболочка, командная строка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 外壳程序
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 명령입력창

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| sites map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | couche de données ponctuelles ; c. de d. sites
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 'Site' Karte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa de puntos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa di siti (punti)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |χάρτης θέσεων (περιοχής)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa de sítios, mapa de pontos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | bodová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точечный слой
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 站点地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 대상지 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| slope
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | pente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Hangneigung; slope
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | pendiente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | pendio; inclinazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίσης (μέτρο κλίσης)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | declive, declividade
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sklon
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | склон
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 斜面；斜率
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 경사
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''socket''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |υποδοχή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | soquete, ''socket''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | skocket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сокет
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 套接字
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 소켓
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| spectral signature file
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | fichier de signatures spectrales
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | spektrale Signatur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | archivo de la firma espectral
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | file della firma spettrale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |αρχείο φασματικής υπογραφής (φασματικών χαρακτηριστικών-ιδιοτήτων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ficheiro [arquivo] de assinatura espectral
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | soubor se spektrálními charakteristikami
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | файл спектральной сигнатуры
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" |  
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| SQL clause
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | clause SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | SQL-Befehl
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | cláusula SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | clausola SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |πρόταση (διατύπωση) SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | cláusula SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klauzule SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | оператор SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | SQL语句
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | SQL 구문
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| SQL query
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | requête SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | SQL-Abfrage
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consulta SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | query SQL interrograzione SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |ερώτημα SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | consulta SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | dotaz SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | запрос SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | SQL查询
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | SQL 질의
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| standard deviation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | écart-type
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Standardabweichung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | desviación estandard
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Deviazione standard
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |τυπική απόκλιση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | desvio padrão
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | standardní odchylka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | стандартное отклонение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标准偏差
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 표준편차
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| steepness
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | escarpement
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Steilheit
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | inclinación
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Pendenza
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίση (απόκρημνο – απότομο)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | inclinação, declividade
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příklonnost
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | крутизна
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 坡度
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 가파르기
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| surface
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | relief
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Oberfläche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | superficie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | superficie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |ανάγλυφο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | superfície
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | povrch
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | поверхность
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 表面
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 표면
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| [attribute] table
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | table [attributaire]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Attributtabelle
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | tabla [de atributos ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | tabella [degli attributi]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |πίνακας [ιδιοτήτων]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | tabela [atributos]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | [atributová] tabulka
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | таблица [атрибутов]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [属性]表
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | [속성]표
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | étiquette date&heure ; timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Zeitstempel; timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | indicador de tiempo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | χρονοσφραγίδα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | etiqueta de data
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | časová značka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | временная метка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 时间戳
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 타임스탬프
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| transect
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | transect
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Profilschnitt; transekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | transecto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | transetto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |τομή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | trajecto, perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | transekt (profil)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | трансекта, профиль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 横断面
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 횡단하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Varianz
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | varianza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | varianza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |μεταβλητότητα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | variância
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | вариация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 方差
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 변동
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| vector map
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | couche de données vectorielles ; c. de d. vecteurs
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Vektorkarte
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | mapa vectorial
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | mappa vettoriale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | διανυσματικά δεδομένα (διανύσματα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | mapa vectorial [vetorial]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | векторная карта
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量地图
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터 지도
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| vectorization
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | vectorisation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vektorisierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vectorización
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Digitalizzazione/Vettorizzazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | διανυσματοποίηση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | vectorização, vetorização
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vektorizace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | векторизация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터화
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| vectorize (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | vectoriser
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorisieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vectorizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | vettorizzare digitalizzare (mappe cartacee)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | διανυσματοποιώ (ψηφιοποιώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | vectorizar [vetorizar]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorizovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | векторизовать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量化
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 벡터화하다
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| vertice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | arc
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vertex
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vértice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | linea vettoriale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κορυφή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | vértice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | lomový (opěrný) bod
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | узел, вершина
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 顶点
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 정점
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| viewer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | visualiseur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Betrachter, Viewer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | visor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | visualizzatore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | θέαση (μέσο οπτικοποίησης)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | vizualizador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | prohlížeč
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | визуализатор, программа просмотра
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 뷰어
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| workspace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | entorno de trabajo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |χώρος εργασίας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | рабочее пространство, проект
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 工作区
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 작업공간
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| write (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | écrire
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | schreiben
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | escribir
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | scrivere
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |εγγράφω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | escrever
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | zapsat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | записать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 写入
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ko" | 쓰다
|}

[[Category:Documentation]]

GRASS Translation Glossary

2008-07-18T10:23:52Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: courbature => curvature (English)

This table provides a list of GRASS and GIS related terms. The glossary shall help to harmonize translation work of GRASS docs currently hosted at the [http://grass.itc.it/mailman/listinfo/translations GRASS Translation Project] and the [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/translation GDF Translation Portal].

== Help pages ==

I don't know how AltaVista feels about live linking, but on the wiki I've added experimental links to the Babelfish translator for the 6.3 online help pages:

* [[Updating_GRASS_Documentation#Translations]]

== Language specific notes ==

Note for French translators : les mots en caractères italiques signalent les anglicismes et les calques sur l'anglais qui sont néanmoins des termes d'usage courant, à chacun de choisir la traduction qu'il juge la plus adaptée et la plus compréhensible pour ses lecteurs. 

Note for Spanish translators: la terminología empleada aquí viene de la guía de inicio GRASS traducida por Guillermo Martínez.

Σημείωση για τους Έλληνες μεταφραστές: η ορολογία που εμφανίζεται είναι ενδεικτική, αποτελεί αντικείμενο συζήτησης μεταξύ των ενδιαφερόμενων και αναρτήθηκε από τον Κίμωνα Παπαδημτρίου. 

Note for Portuguese translators: Indicar a variante regional, quando houver. Os termos empregados provém na maioria da tradução brasileira, feita inicialmente por Paulo Marcondes.

== Glossary ==

{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | ENGLISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | FRENCH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | GERMAN
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | SPANISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [http://wiki.gfoss.it/index.php/Traduzioni ITALIAN]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | GREEK
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | FINNISH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [[Traducao | PORTUGUESE]]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | CZECH
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | [http://gis-lab.info/docs/grass/glossary.html RUSSIAN]
! bgcolor="#99CCCC" | CHINESE(Simplified)

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="de" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="es" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fi" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="cz" | tráva
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | GRASS
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | 2D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | 2D ; bidimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D ; zweidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D/bidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | 2D/bidimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | 2Δ/ διδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | 2D ; bidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 2D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | 2D, двухмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="zh_cn" | 2D；2维

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | 2.5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | 2D1/2 ; pseudo tridimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D ; zweieinhalbdimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D / pseudotridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | 2,5D / 2 ½ D / pseudo-tridimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | 2,5Δ/ ψευδοτριδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | 2,5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 2,5D
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | 2.5D, псевдодвухмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 2.5D；2.5维
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | 3D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | 3D ; tridimensionnel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D, dreidimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D/tridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | 3D / tridimensionale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | 3Δ/ τριδιάστατο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | 3D; tridimensional
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 3D
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | 3D, трехмерный
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="zh_cn" | 3D；3维
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | area
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | surface ; entité surfacique
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Fläche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | área; polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | superficie poligono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | επιφάνεια
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | área; polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | plocha
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | площадь
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 面积
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | area size
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | aire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Flächengröße
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | área del polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Area del poligono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εμβαδόν επφάνειας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | área do polígono
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | výměra plochy
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | площадь
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 面积大小
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | aspect
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | orientación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | esposizione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | προσανατολισμός, έκθεση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | orientação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | expozice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | экспозиция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 方位
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | average
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | moyenne
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Durchschnitt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | media
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | medio/a
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μέσος όρος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | média
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | průměr
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | среднее
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 平均
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | boundaries
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | contours
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | boundaries; Flächengrenze
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | contornos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | confini
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ισαριθμικές (ισοϋψείς)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | contornos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | hranice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | границы
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 边界
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | zone tampon ; buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Puffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | buffer area adiacente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | περιοχή επεξεργασίας (περιφερειακή ζώνη) ; buffer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | área de influência
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | buffer, obalová (vyrovnávací) zóna
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | буфер, буферная зона
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 缓冲区
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | category
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | catégorie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Kategorie [pl. Kategorien]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | categoría
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | categoria
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κατηγορία
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | categoria
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kategorie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | категория
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 类别
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | cell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Zelle [pl. Zellen]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | celda
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κελί
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ячейка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 单元
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | [supervised/unsupervised] classification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | classification [dirigée/non dirigée];[cl. supervisée/non-supervisée ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [überwachte/unüberwachte] Klassifikation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | clasificación (supervisada/no supervisada)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | classificazione (guidata/automatica)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | [καθοδηγούμενη/αυτόματη] ταξινόμηση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | classificação supervisionada/não supervisionada (pt_BR) [guiada/automática](pt)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [řízená/neřízená] klasifikace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | классификация с обучением/без обучения
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | classify (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | faire une classification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klassifizieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | clasificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | classificare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ταξινομώ
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | classificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klasifikovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | классифицировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 归类

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en" | cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | grappe ; cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | cluster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | grupo; racimo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | cluster raggruppamento grappolo (?)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | συστάδα (συσταδοποίηση)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | agrupamento, ''cluster''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | cluster, shluk
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | кластер, группа
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 簇
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en" | color table
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | table de couleurs
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Farbtabelle
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | tabla de colores
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | tavola dei colori tavolozza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | πίνακας χρωμάτων, χρωματικός πίνακας
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | paleta de cores
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | tabulka barev
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | таблица цветов
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 颜色表
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| command
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | commande
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kommando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εντολή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkaz
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | команда
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 命令
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| compilation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | compilation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Kompilierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | compilación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | compilazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | μεταγλώττιση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | compilação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kompilace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | компиляция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 编译
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| compile (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | compiler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | kompilieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | compilar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | compilare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μεταγλωττίζω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | compilar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | kompilovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | компилировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 编译
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| connection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | connexion
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Verbindung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | conexión
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | connessione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | σύνδεση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | conexão
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | spojení
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | соединение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 连接
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| curvature
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | courbure
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | curvatura
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | καμπυλότητα
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | curvatura
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | кривизна
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| dangles
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | 'boucles mortes'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Dangle; Überhang
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | 'asole'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ασυνέχειες
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | solto (?)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | висящие узлы
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 悬挂
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| [relational] database
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | base de données [relationnelle]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | relationale Datenbank
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | base de datos [relacional]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | base di dati [relazionale] database [relazionale]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | [σχεσιακή] βάση δεδομένων
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | base (banco) de dados [relacional]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | [relační] databáze
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | реляционная база данных
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [关系]数据库
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [Spearfish] database
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | Base de Données Géographiques [Spearfish] ; géodatabase [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [Spearfish] Datenbank
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | base de datos geográficos [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | base di dati geografici [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | βάση δεδομένων [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | base de dados geográficos [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | dataset [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | база данных [Spearfish]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [Spearfish]数据库
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datum [pl. Datums]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datum [pl. Datums]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ''datum''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | datum
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | датум
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数据
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | SGBD
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | SGBD/DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | DBMS (σύστημα διαχείρισης βάσεων δεδομένων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | SGBD / DBMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | databázový systém
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | СУБД
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数据库管理系统
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| digitalization
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | numérisation ; digitalisation
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Digitalisierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | digitalización
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | digitalizzazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | ψηφιακοποίηση (ψηφιοποίηση)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | digitalização
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | digitalizace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оцифровка, векторизация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数字化
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| digitize (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | numériser ; digitaliser
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalisieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | digitalizzare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ψηφιακοποιώ (ψηφιοποιώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | digitalizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | digitalizovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | оцифровывать, векторизовать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 数字化
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | pilote
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Treiber
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | controlador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | οδηγός (πρόγραμμα) ; driver
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | dispositivo, ''driver''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | ovladač
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | драйвер
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 驱动
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| ellipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | ellipsoïde
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ellipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | elipsoide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ellissoide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ελλειψοειδές
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | elipsóide
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | elipsoid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | эллипсоид
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 椭球
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| error matrix
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | matrice de confusion
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Konfusionsmatrix oder Fehlermatrix
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Matriz de errores
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | matrice di errore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μήτρα σφάλματος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | matriz de erros
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | chybová matice
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | матрица ошибок
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | exportation ; export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | exportación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | esportazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | εξαγωγή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | exportação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | export
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | экспорт
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| export (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | exporter
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | esportare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εξάγω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | exportar (para)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | exportovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | экспортировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| file
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | fichier
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Datei
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | archivo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | file
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | αρχείο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ficheiro (pt), arquivo (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | soubor
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | файл
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 文件
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| file header
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | en-tête de fichier
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Datei Header
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | encabezado; cabecera
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | header del file
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κεφαλίδα αρχείου
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | cabeçalho do ficheiro (pt) /cabeçalho do arquivo (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | hlavička souboru
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | заголовок файла
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 头文件
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Format
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | μορφότυπο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | formato
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | formát
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | формат
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 格式（化）
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| free software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | logiciel libre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Freie Software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Software libre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Software libero
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | ελεύθερο λογισμικό
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ''software'' livre
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | svobodný software
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | свободное программное обеспечение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 自由[免费]软件
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| geographic information sciences
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | géomatique ; sciences de l'information géographique
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Geographie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | geomática
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | geomatica
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF"lang="gr" | επιστήμες γεωγραφικών πληροφοριών, γεωπληροφορική
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ciências de informação geográfica , geomática
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | geoinformační vědy
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | геоинформатика
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息科学

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| Geographic Information System (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | Système d'Information Géographique (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Geographisches Informationssystem (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Sistema Informativo Geografico (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | Σύστημα Γεωγραφικών Πληροφοριών (ΣΓΠ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | geografický informační systém (GIS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | Географическая Информационная Система (ГИС)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息系统
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| GIS manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | gestionnaire SIG
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | GIS Manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Administrador GIS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Gestore GIS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | διαχειριστής GIS (περιβάλλον διαχείρισης ΣΓΠ/ΓΠΣ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | administrador (pt), Gerenciador (pt_BR) SIG
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | GIS manager
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | менеджер ГИС
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地理信息系统管理员
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| GRASS shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | console GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | GRASS Shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consola de comandos GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | console testuale GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | περιβάλλον ελέγχου του GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | consola (pt) , console (pt_BR) GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkazový řádek GRASSu
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оболочка, командная строка GRASS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | GRASS外壳程序
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| grid
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | grille
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Raster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | malla, rejilla, cuadrícula
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''grid''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κάνναβος (πλέγμα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | malha, grade, ''grid''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mřížka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сетка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 网格（格网）
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| graphics monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Grafik-Fenster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | monitor gráfico
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | οθόνη γραφικών, μηνύτορας γραφικών
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | графический монитор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图形监视器
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| gray scale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | niveaux de gris
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | gray scale; graustufen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | escala de grises
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | scala di grigi
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίμακα του γκρι
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | escala de cinzas
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | stupně šedi
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | полутоновой, градации серого
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 灰度
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| Ground Control Points
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | points d'amer
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Passpunkt; Ground Control Points (GCPs)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Puntos de Control sobre el Terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | punti di controllo sul terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | φωτοσταθερά (σημεία ελέγχου στο έδαφος)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | Pontos de Controle Sobre o Terreno
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | identické (vlícovací) body
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точки привязки
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 地面控制点
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | importation ; import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | importación
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | importazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | εισαγωγή (δεδομένων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | importar, importação
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | import
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | импорт
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| import (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | importer
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | importare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | εισάγω (δεδομένα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | importar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | importovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | импортировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| input
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | entrée ; source
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Eingabe
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | entrada
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | inserimento di dati, ''input''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | είσοδος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | entrada, digitação
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vstup
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ввод
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输入
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| kappa parameter
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | paramètre kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | kappa Parameter
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | parámetro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | parametro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | παράμετρος κ (κάππα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | parâmetro kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | koeficient kappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | коэффициент каппа
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| key column
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | clef primaire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Key-Spalte
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | llave primaria
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | chiave primaria
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | πεδίο (στήλη) κλειδιού
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | coluna primária
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sloupec s klíčem
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | ключевое поле
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| label
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | étiquette
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Label
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | etiqueta
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | etichetta
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ετικέτα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | etiqueta, rótulo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | štítek
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | метка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标注
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| line
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | ligne
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Linie
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | línea
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | linea
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | γραμμή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | linha
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | linie
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | линия
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 行
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| line of sight analysis
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | analyse de type 'horizon visuel'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Sichtbarkeitsanalyse
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | análisis de línea de horizonte / análisis de visibilidad
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | analisi di visibilità / orizzonte visuale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | ανάλυση οπτικού πεδίου
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | análise de visibilidade
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | analýza dohlednosti
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | анализ линии видимости
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | Secteur ; Location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Location
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Localización
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ''location''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | γεωγραφική περιοχή (τοποθεσία)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sijainti
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | locação, localização
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | location, lokace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | область
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 位置
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [analogic] map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | carte (papier)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | analoge Karte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa [analógico]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa cartacea
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | [αναλογικός] χάρτης
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa (papel)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [analogová] mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | [аналоговая] карта?
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| map layer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | couche
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kartenlayer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | capa de mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | tematismo di una mappa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | χαρτογραφικό επίπεδο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | capa (pt), camada (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | mapová vrstva
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | слой
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图层
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | jeu de données ; mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | directorio de mapas
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | χαρτογραφικά δεδομένα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapset - soubor map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | набор (часть области)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 图集
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| mask
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | masque
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Maske
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | máscara
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | maschera
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μάσκα
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | máscara
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | maska
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | маска

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 'MASK'
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''MASK''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | MASK
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | MASK
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | moniteur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Grafik-Fenster
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | οθόνη, μηνύτορας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | monitor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | наблюдать, монитор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 监视器
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| network
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | réseau ; graphe de réseau
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Netzwerk
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | red
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | rete
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | δίκτυο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | rede
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | síť
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сеть
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 网络
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| node
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | noeud
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Knotenpunkt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | nodo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | nodo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κόμβος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | nodo (pt), nó (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | uzel
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | узел
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 节点
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| output
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | sortie ; cible
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ausgabe
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | salida (de datos)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | uscita, risultato ''output''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | έξοδος
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | saída, resultado
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | výstup
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | вывод, результат
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 输出
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| overwrite (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | écraser
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | überschreiben
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sobrescribir
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | sovrascrivere
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | επεγγράφω (αντικαθιστώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | sobrescrever
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | přepsat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | перезаписать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 改写
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| [software] package
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | paquet logiciel ; paquetage [logiciel]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Softwarepaket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | paquete [software]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | pacchetto software
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | πακέτο λογισμικού
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | paquete (pt), pacote (pt_BR) de [''software'']
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [softwarový] balíček
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | пакет [программ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 软件包
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| partial derivatives
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | dérivées partielles
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | partielle Ableitung
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | derivadas parciales
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | derivate parziali
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | μερικές παράγωγοι
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | derivações (pt), derivadas (pt_BR) parciais
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | parciální derivace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | частные производные
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| PERMANENT mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | jeu de données PERMANENT ; j. de d. souche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | PERMANENT Mapset
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | directorio de mapas PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''mapset'' PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | PERMANENT χαρτογραφικά δεδομένα (ΥΠΟΒΑΘΡΟ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ''PERMANENT mapset''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapset PERMANENT
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ПОСТОЯННЫЙ набор
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | PERMANENT图集
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | extension ; greffon ; plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | plug-in
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | complemento
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | estesione del programma plugin
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | επέκταση, (επί-) πρόσθετο (plug-in)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | extensão, ''plug-in''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | zásuvný modul
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | подключаемый модуль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 插件
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| point
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | point
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Punkt
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | punto
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | punto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |σημείο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | ponto
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | bod
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 点
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| pop-up window
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | fenêtre pop-up
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Pop-up Window
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Ventana emergente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | finestra pop-up
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | αναδυόμενο παράθυρο μηνύματος
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | janela ''pop-up''
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vyskakovací okno
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | всплывающее окно
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 弹出窗口
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| profile
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | profilo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |κατατομή (μηκοτομή)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | profil
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | профиль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 档案文件
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| project
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | projet
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Projekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | proyecto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | progetto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | έργο
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | projecto, projeto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | projekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | проект
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 投影；项目
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| projection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | projection
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Projektion
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | proyección
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | proiezione (cartografica)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |προβολή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | projecção, projeção
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | projekce (mapová)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | проекция
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 投影
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| prune (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | élaguer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | reduzieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | podar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |ελαχιστοποιώ (μειώνω)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | обрезать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 裁剪
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| raster map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | couche de données matricielles ; c. de d. raster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Rasterkarte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa ráster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa ráster
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |ψηφιδωτό (ψηφιδωτά δεδομένα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa ''raster''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rastrová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | растр
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 栅格地图
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| read (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | lire
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | lesen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | leer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | leggere
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |διαβάζω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | číst
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | читать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 读取
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| rectification
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | recalage
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Georeferenzierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rectificación
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | rettificazione raddrizzamento
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |γεωαναφορά
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | rectificação, retificação
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | rektifikace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ректификация, трансформация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 纠正
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| rectify (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | recaler
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | georeferenzieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | rectificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | rettificare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |γεωαναφέρω
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | rectificar, retificar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | rektifikovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | трансформировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 纠正
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| region
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | région
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | region; Gebietsausdehnung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | región
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''region''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |περιοχή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | região
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | region - zájmové území
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | географический охват, фрагмент
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 区域
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| resample (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | rééchantillonner
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | resamplen
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | remuestrear
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | ricampionare
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |επανασυστώ
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | reamostrar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | převzorkovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | пересчитывать(изменять разрешение)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 重采样
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| resampling
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | rééchantillonnage
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | resample
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | remuestreo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ricampionamento
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |επανασύσταση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | reamostragem
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | převzorkování
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ресэмплинг, пересчет
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 重采样
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| RGB (Red Green Blue)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | RVB (Rouge Vert Bleu) ; RGB
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB (Rojo Verde Azul)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | RGB (Red Green Blue)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | RGB (κόκκινο πράσινο μπλε) [βασικά χρώματα]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ''RGB'' (Vermelho Verde Azul)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | RGB (červená, zelená, modrá)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | RGB (красный, зеленый, синий)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | RGB（红绿蓝）
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| RMS error (Root Mean Square)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | erreur RMS
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | RMS-Fehler
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Error Medio Cuadrático (RMS)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Scarto quadratico medio
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |σφάλμα RMS, ενεργό σφάλμα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | erro ''RMS'' (Erro Médio Quadrático)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | chyba RMS (střední kvadratická chyba)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | ошибка RMS (среднеквадратическая ошибка)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 均方根
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| root
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | administrateur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root, administrator
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root, administrador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | root, amministratore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |διαχειριστής [administrator]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | root, administrador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | root (administrátor)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | root (админстратор)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 根；管理员
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| save (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | sauvegarder
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | speichern
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | guardar
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | salvare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |αποθηκεύω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | guardar (pt), salvar (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | ukládat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сохранять
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 保存（为）
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | escaneado
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | scansione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |σάρωση
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | digitalização, escaneamento (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | scan
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | [от]сканированное изображение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 扫描
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| scan (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | scanner
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | scannen
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | escanear
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | scansionare
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |σαρώνω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | digitalizar, escanear (pt_BR)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | skenovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сканировать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 扫描
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | invite de commande
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Kommandozeile; Shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consola de comandos UNIX
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | terminale linea di comando
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |περιβάλλον ελέγχου (γραμμή εντολών UNIX)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | linha de comandos, console, shell
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příkazový řádek
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | оболочка, командная строка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 外壳程序

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| sites map
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | couche de données ponctuelles ; c. de d. sites
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | 'Site' Karte
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | mapa de puntos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | mappa di siti (punti)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |χάρτης θέσεων (περιοχής)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | mapa de sítios, mapa de pontos
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | bodová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | точечный слой
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 站点地图
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| slope
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | pente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Hangneigung; slope
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | pendiente
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | pendio; inclinazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίσης (μέτρο κλίσης)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | declive, declividade
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | sklon
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | склон
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 斜面；斜率
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | socket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | ''socket''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |υποδοχή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | soquete, ''socket''
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | skocket
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | сокет
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 套接字
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| spectral signature file
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | fichier de signatures spectrales
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | spektrale Signatur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | archivo de la firma espectral
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | file della firma spettrale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |αρχείο φασματικής υπογραφής (φασματικών χαρακτηριστικών-ιδιοτήτων)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | ficheiro [arquivo] de assinatura espectral
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | soubor se spektrálními charakteristikami
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | файл спектральной сигнатуры

|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| SQL clause
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | clause SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | SQL-Befehl
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | cláusula SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | clausola SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |πρόταση (διατύπωση) SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | cláusula SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | klauzule SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | оператор SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | SQL语句
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| SQL query
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | requête SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | SQL-Abfrage
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | consulta SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | query SQL interrograzione SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |ερώτημα SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | consulta SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | dotaz SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | запрос SQL
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | SQL查询
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| standard deviation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | écart-type
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Standardabweichung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | desviación estandard
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Deviazione standard
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |τυπική απόκλιση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | desvio padrão
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | standardní odchylka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | стандартное отклонение
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 标准偏差
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| steepness
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | escarpement
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Steilheit
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | inclinación
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | Pendenza
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | κλίση (απόκρημνο – απότομο)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | inclinação, declividade
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | příklonnost
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | крутизна
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 坡度
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| surface
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | relief
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Oberfläche
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | superficie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | superficie
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |ανάγλυφο
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | superfície
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | povrch
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | поверхность
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 表面
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| [attribute] table
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | table [attributaire]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Attributtabelle
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | tabla [de atributos ]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | tabella [degli attributi]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |πίνακας [ιδιοτήτων]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | tabela [atributos]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | [atributová] tabulka
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | таблица [атрибутов]
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | [属性]表
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | étiquette date&heure ; timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Zeitstempel; timestamp
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | indicador de tiempo
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | χρονοσφραγίδα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | etiqueta de data
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | časová značka
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | временная метка
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 时间戳
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| transect
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | transect
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Profilschnitt; transekt
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | transecto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | transetto
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |τομή
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | trajecto, perfil
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | transekt (profil)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | трансекта, профиль
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 横断面
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Varianz
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | varianza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | varianza
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |μεταβλητότητα
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | variância
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | variance
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | вариация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 方差
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| vector map
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | couche de données vectorielles ; c. de d. vecteurs
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Vektorkarte
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | mapa vectorial
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | mappa vettoriale
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | διανυσματικά δεδομένα (διανύσματα)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | mapa vectorial [vetorial]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorová mapa
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | векторная карта
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量地图
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| vectorization
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | vectorisation
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vektorisierung
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vectorización
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | Digitalizzazione/Vettorizzazione
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | διανυσματοποίηση
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | vectorização, vetorização
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vektorizace
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | векторизация
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量化
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| vectorize (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | vectoriser
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorisieren
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vectorizar
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | vettorizzare digitalizzare (mappe cartacee)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | διανυσματοποιώ (ψηφιοποιώ)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | vectorizar [vetorizar]
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | vektorizovat
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | векторизовать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 矢量化
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| vertice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | arc
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vertex
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | vértice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | linea vettoriale
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" | κορυφή
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | vértice
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | lomový (opěrný) bod
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | узел, вершина
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 顶点
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| viewer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" | visualiseur
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | Betrachter, Viewer
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | visor
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" | visualizzatore
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" | θέαση (μέσο οπτικοποίησης)
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" | vizualizador
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | prohlížeč
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | визуализатор, программа просмотра
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="en"| workspace
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="fr" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | entorno de trabajo
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="it" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="gr" |χώρος εργασίας
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="pt" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" |
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" lang="ru" | рабочее пространство, проект
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 工作区
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="en"| write (to)
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="fr" | écrire
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | schreiben
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | escribir
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="it" | scrivere
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="gr" |εγγράφω
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |  
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="pt" | escrever
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | zapsat
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="ru" | записать
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" lang="zh_cn" | 写入
|}

[[Category:Documentation]]

WinGRASS 6 Current Status

2008-07-16T21:47:58Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Link to Cygwin packages

__TOC__

See also '''[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/BuildingOnWindows http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/BuildingOnWindows]'''

This page describes the current status of winGRASS development:
* Precompiled winGRASS/Cygwin packages are available for [http://grass.itc.it/grass63/binary/mswindows/cygwin/ GRASS 6.3],
* native winGRASS packages [http://geog-pc40.ulb.ac.be/grass/wingrass/ GRASS 6.3],
* and the last native winGRASS [http://download.osgeo.org/grass/grass63/binary/mswindows/ Self Contained Package].

== Current status - Summary ==

The native windows port of GRASS is slowly coming to a stage where it can be considered beta status. All main functions seem to work, but much more testing is needed. The port is of the current cvs branch GRASS 6.3. There are no ports of earlier versions.

The general idea is to reach a point where GRASS runs in Windows without any kind of unix emulation. Currently, this is possible, but limits the use to compiled modules as scripts are all of unix-shell type and cannot run within a Windows cmd.exe environment without a series of unix tools such as a shell, awk, sed, etc. So in order to run such scripts a collection of unix-like tools needs to be installed, such as Msys or Gnuwin32+Shell.

Another major feature not available in the windows version are the old-style interactive X monitors (i.e. the x0, PNG, PS, Cairo, etc, monitors opened with '<tt>d.mon x0</tt>'). Only direct rendering works currently. Display is thus "limited" to the Tcl/Tk and wxPython GUIs (the latter might still need some cleanup of unix-specific code). Modules like i.points and d.zoom will not work (see [[#Known_Issues]]).

== Installing binary snapshots ==

Regular binary snapshots for windows are available [http://geog-pc40.ulb.ac.be/grass/wingrass/ here]. To install them, just download and unzip. In order to be able to use the graphical user interface, you also have to download and install [http://www.activestate.com/products/activetcl/ ActiveState Tcl].

You can then launch the GRASS GUI by clicking on the grass63.bat which is in c:\grass\bin\ (or wherever you unzipped the package). This should launch the GUI which gives you access to all GRASS modules.

If you like the command line, you can launch Windows' cmd.exe via Start->Run->cmd.exe. Then type 'c:\grass\bin\grass63.bat -text' to launch grass without the GUI. If you want to access the GUI at a later stage, just type 'gis.m'.

If you want to have access to shell scripts, you also have to install [http://sourceforge.net/project/downloading.php?groupname=mingw&filename=MSYS-1.0.11-2004.04.30-1.exe Msys] and then adapt the grass63.bat script according to the examples in the file.

== Compiling by yourself ==

(based on work from Paul Kelly - [http://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/grass-dev/2006-December/028097.html his message])

... or see new [http://www.webalice.it/marco.pasetti/grass/BuildFromSource.html GRASS Windows Native Binary Building Guide]

=== Requirements ===

* To compile winGRASS natively, you need the following additional libraries: ''libpng, PROJ.4, GDAL, Zlib, XDR''. They are available in a gzipped tar file (to get started quickly): http://www.stjohnspoint.co.uk/grass/ (get wingrass-extralibs.tar.gz).
* Additionally, you need [http://www.mingw.org/download.shtml Msys & MingW] (current version)
* [http://www.mingw.org/MinGWiki/index.php/bison bison]
* [http://www.mingw.org/MinGWiki/index.php/flex flex]

Decompressing bison and flex in the root msys directory should position the files in the correct directories.

'''Optionally:'''
* Freetype
* FFTW
* PDCurses

''TODO: is PDCurses really optionally?''

=== Configuration and compilation ===

The prefix where you untar that file you will need to supply to the GRASS configure as:

--with-includes=prefix --with-libs=prefix

Before compilation, you need to set your path in msys in order to add the path to the lib/ and bin/ directories of Paul's tarball before compiling. You might also need to edit the first few lines of the gdal-config script in the bin/ directory, to reflect the path where it is actually installed.

You also have to erase $(MANDIR) $(MANPAGES) from line 13 of man/Makefile, i.e. 'default: $(MANDIR) $(MANPAGES)' -> 'default:'.

If you get an error such as 'cannot open file `/msys/share/bison/m4sugar/m4sugar.m4': No such file or directory', one solution is to move around the msys bison installation a bit, so that m4sugar.m4 is available in the indicated path.

A working configure line is:
./configure --prefix=c:/grass --bindir=c:/grass/bin \
--with-includes=/c/grass/forgrass/include \
--with-libs=/c/grass/forgrass/lib --with-cxx --without-jpeg --without-tiff \
--without-postgres --with-opengl=windows --without-fftw --without-x \
--enable-shared=yes --with-tcltk-includes=/c/tcl/include \
--with-tcltk-libs=/c/tcl/bin

The configure line used for the current binary snapshots can be seen [http://geog-pc40.ulb.ac.be/grass/wingrass/winconfig.log here].

Compile with make.

After compiling you should copy libxdr.dll, libproj.dll, libpng.dll, libgdal-1.dll and libz.dll.1.2.3 into the GRASS lib directory and all the GDAL and PROJ .exe files in the bin directory into the GRASS bin directory, and then you have a more or less self-contained GRASS distribution.

For the GUI, including for displaying anything, you need to install [http://www.activestate.com/downloads/ Activestate Tcl/Tk] 8.4.13 (in c:\tcl).

=== Nullsoft installer ===

See http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/branches/develbranch_6/mswindows

[[Image:Wingrass63 installer1.jpg|220px|New winGRASS installer 1]]
[[Image:Wingrass63 installer2.jpg|220px|New winGRASS installer 2]]
[[Image:Wingrass63 installer3.jpg|220px|New winGRASS installer 3]]

== Known Issues ==

See also [http://www.nabble.com/forum/Search.jtp?query=wingrass&sort=date&local=y&forum=1200 GRASS Mailing list archives] and the compilation error log [http://geog-pc40.ulb.ac.be/grass/wingrass/winmakeerror.log here].

=== Won't fix (at least not immediately) ===

Issues listed here are rather impossible to fix due to the different nature of native Windows. Or, lend us a hand and let's try harder!

* No monitors

This means that you cannot launch any monitor launched with d.mon (x0, PNG, PS, etc). The only way you can render directly to a file is setting GRASS_RENDER_IMMEDIATE=TRUE on the command line. But you cannot directly display to screen from the command line. This will be solved in GRASS 7 with a new rendering system and possibly via the new wxgrass GUI. So no work will probably be put into this until then.

The absence of monitors also makes impossible the use of interactive modules based on these monitors, such as:

** i.class
** i.ortho.photo/photo.2image
** i.ortho.photo/photo.2target
** i.points
** i.vpoints

i.points and i.vpoints have already been replaced by the gis.m georectifier module (File -> Georectify). In replacement of i.class you can digitize training areas with v.digit. This will not however, give you all the information i.class provides, such as the histogram of the region, the statistics and the display of matches. These modules will have to be rewritten to clearly separate display and backend parts, so that the backend can be run on the command line or from any GUI frontend. '''Volunteers needed.'''

Another module affected is d.vect.thematic which uses monitors. This will hopefully be replaced by a C-version in a not too far future.

* Scripts need *nix-like shell

All current GRASS scripts are written in shell language. This means they need a shell, and several related tools (awk, sed, etc), to function. This means that whoever wants to be able to run these scripts has to install a shell with these tools. Currently recommended is [http://sourceforge.net/project/downloading.php?groupname=mingw&filename=MSYS-1.0.11-2004.04.30-1.exe Msys] as this is a simple install of a package containing everything which is needed.

It is planned that these scripts be rewritten in a more portable language such as Python, thus totally eliminating the need for any shell. But this will probably not happen until the python wxgrass GUI is officially declared stable, thus making Python a mandatory requirement anyhow. '''Volunteers needed.'''

=== Platform specific issues ===

==== XP/2000 ====
nothing known specifically related to MS Windows XP/2000

==== Vista ====

* sometimes r.patch fails: http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ticket/118
* ...

=== ToDo ===

==== Installer ====

* <strike>change the Uninstall icon</strike>
* <strike>fix the language errors in the StartMenu link's descriptions</strike>
* <strike>change the name of the South-Dakota sample database to Spearfish60</strike>
* <strike>add a GRASS Command Line link (cmd.exe) into the GRASS StartMenu group</strike>
* create a GRASS Addons installer or integrate the GRASS Addons in the current installer as downloadable options

==== Dependencies ====

===== GRASS Dependencies =====

* <strike>add the Indipendent JPEG support to GRASS *</strike>
* add the FFMPEG support in GRASS (reports an error in building OGSF library; probably needs to specify -lavutil in gcc command) ***
* add the NLS support in GRASS (needs gettext)
* add the wxWidgets support in GRASS (for the wxPython GUI v.digit replacement)

===== GDAL Dependencies =====

* add the ECW support in GDAL */**
* add the JPEG2000 support in GDAL (through Jasper or Kadaku *) **
* add the OGDI support in GDAL *
* add the MrSID support in GDAL */**

===== GRASS and GDAL Dependencies =====

* add the Xerces support in both GDAL and GRASS *
* add the ODBC support in both GDAL and GRASS */**
* add the MySQL support in both GDAL and GRASS */**

===== Miscellaneus Dependencies =====

* add the OpenSSL support in both PostgreSQL and SQLite *
* <strike>add the AVCE00 tools (build from source in minGW)</strike>
* <strike>add the E00compr tools (build from source in minGW)</strike>
* <strike>add the GPSBabel tool (use prebuilt binaries from GPSBabel Web Site)</strike>

 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> needs to build related libraries from source in MinGW
 
<nowiki>**</nowiki> needs to check the licences first
 
<nowiki>***</nowiki> FFMPEG has been already succesfully built on MinGW

==== Internal Libraries ====

* parser: find out why launching a module from the command line without parameters does not call module GUI

==== Vector modules ====

* v.in.ascii crashes on files with irregular line length (see [http://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/grass-dev/2008-February/035268.html this thread])

==== Raster modules ====
* <strike>r.terraflow does not compile</strike> fix backported 27/3/2008
: This seems to be due to the use of the function getrusage() which is not supported under MinGW. Check this octave patch [http://osdir.com/ml/gnu.octave.maintainers/2006-03/msg00083.html email thread].

==== Other modules ====
* r.li moduels do not compile
: --HB: ''why not? what's the error?''

==== GRASS Addons ====
* compile the GRASS Addons

==== TclTk issues ====

* var=val style argument is not valid for batch files: equal sign is a separator like a space. http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=71247 http://www.gatago.com/alt/msdos/batch/17358926.html
** Could you give an example of where this is a problem ?
* file command returns bad code (catch is needed): http://sources.redhat.com/ml/insight/2003-q1/msg00079.html
** catch {file copy}
** catch {file delete}
** catch {file rename -force} does not work. Delete old file first: catch {file delete}; catch {file rename}
** exec a batch file doing redirection (>&2, 2>&1)
* no -permissions file attributes
** catch {file attributes -permissions}

==== Miscellaneous ====

* metacharacter escape in "sh -c '$cmd'"
* modules not working: <strike>v.neighbors, v.kernel, r.cost</strike>
* <strike>Cannot open Help pages.</strike>
* Have to type "exit" in the console to save ~/.grassrc file. Then, close gis.m to finish the session.
* A previous installation of grass under cygwin is likely to cause problems with WinGrass. Follow the directions to remove cygwin at http://cygwin.com/faq/faq-nochunks.html#faq.setup.uninstall-all

The following items cannot be fixed in the near future:
** can't read "_data(.gronsole.gronsole,4,donecmd)": no such element in array error
*** Could you be more precise about this error ? When does it occur ?

== Dealing with shell scripts or .bat files ==

Bourne shell scripts require MSys (or some other Bourne shell), but you don't need to start GRASS from MSys.

The main issue with scripts is that Windows doesn't understand the "#!" notation used to specify the interpreter.

All of the supplied scripts in $GISBASE/scripts have a corresponding .bat file in $GISBASE/bin which invokes script via %GRASS_SH%. This allows you to run those scripts from the Windows command prompt.

If you write scripts of your own, you need to either add a corresponding .bat file, or give the script a .sh extension and associate that with the shell, e.g. via the ftype and assoc commands. You can use the PATHEXT variable to eliminate the need to type the extension.

== Other libraries ==

GDAL
* lib/gis/OBJ.*/fmode.o is needed for any GRASS related modules.
* modified ltmain.sh to install binary files from wrapper scripts.
* see also [http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/BuildingWithMinGW GDAL Building With MinGW]

== Related efforts ==

* http://wiki.osgeo.org/index.php/OSGeo_Win32_Installer

[[Category: Development]]

AddOns

2008-07-16T21:25:50Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: g.xlist, g.xremove added

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons (the original GRASS GIS software can be downloaded [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/index.php here]).

__TOC__

== AddOns source code repository ==

The AddOns source code is hosted in [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/ GRASS-AddOns SVN repository].

To checkout:

svn checkout <nowiki>https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/</nowiki> grass-addons

Please contact the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev grass-dev] mailing list if you would like to host your module there.

== Adding something new ==

Please announce your add-on to the GRASS users' mailing list so that others may be aware of your work.

=== Copyright and licensing information ===

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

=== Coding standards ===

Please have a look at our [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

There are other coding standards given for modules written in C, Tcl/Tk, and Python''(?)'' located in the GRASS source code.

=== Documenting your code ===

You can have an help page template auto-generated by using the GRASS [[module command line parser | command line parser]] with the <tt>--html-description</tt> command line option. Please, see also the [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/g.parser.html g.parser help page]

== Miscellaneous Add-ons ==

* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/misc/utm_which_zone utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] or Matlab to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

* [http://www.bowdoin.edu/~ltoma/research.html r.terracost] Scalable approach for computing least-cost-path surfaces on massive grid terrains. For GRASS 5.3. '''Lead author''': Laura Toma

==GRASS 6.x==

=== Vector add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector

==== v.append ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables.

: '''Author:''' Michael Barton

==== v.breach ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.breach.zip v.breach] creates vector maps of lines and points of continously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.colors ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.colors v.colors] is a shell script for populating a GRASSRGB column based on a numeric database column and a ''r.colors'' rules file. Works just like ''r.colors'', but for vector maps.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.count.points.sh ====

[http://wiki.iosa.it/dokuwiki/spatial_analysis:feature_count v.count.points.sh] counts point features in areas, generates table good as input to d.vect.chart.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Costa

==== v.digatt ====

[http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot].

: '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

==== v.dip ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.dip.tgz v.dip] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles. The v.dip is the main ANSI C core program. Program so-called v.dip can run without GRASS environment.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.flip ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.flip.zip v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines (redundant since GRASS 6.3 - there is "v.edit tool=flip").

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.group ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== v.in.gama ====

[http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer.

:'''Author:''' Martin Landa

==== v.in.ncdc ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.in.ncdc v.in.ncdc] imports an [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov NCDC] stn file (station data) into a GRASS vector map.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== v.in.osm ====

[http://kripton.kripserver.net/software/v.in.osm/ v.in.osm]: OpenStreetMap import into GRASS. Yet only supports deprecated API 0.4, will be modified to work with API 0.5 some time soon.

: '''Author:''' Jannis Achstetter

See also [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/gpsdrivefiles#osm osm2grass.sh] by H Bowman

==== v.in.ovl ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.in.ovl/ v.in.ovl] is a shell script that imports an ASCII vector file created with TOP10|25|50 or similar products.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.lda ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS.

==== v.line.center ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.line.center.zip v.line.center] creates a points vector map with each point located in the middle of the length of the input vector line.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.lmeasure ====

[http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin.

: '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

==== v.out.ascii.db ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.ascii.mat ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.mat v.out.ascii.mat] is a shell script for exporting vector polygon and polyline data into an ASCII text file suitable for loading into Matlab (or [http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ Octave]).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== v.out.kml ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.out.kml/ v.out.kml] is a shell script that exports a vector file into a KML file for Google Earth or Worldwind.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.out.svg ====

[http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. Now part of [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/vector/v.out.svg/ grass6-svn].

: '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

==== v.random.cover ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.random.cover v.random.cover] is a shell script for creating random points constrained within an irregularly shaped vector area. (v.random places points only in current region rectangle). Optionally the user can upload raster values at the points. See also '<tt>r.random cover= vector_output=</tt>'

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.rasterbounds ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.sample.buffer ====

[http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc.

: '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

==== v.select.region ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/v.select.region.tar.bz2 v.select.region] is a shell script that prints out the names of all vectors matching an input search pattern that has geometry (points, line, areas) that fall within a region bounded by an existing vector map, or within the current Grass region.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== v.surf.icw ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.surf.icw v.surf.icw] is an IDW interpolation method using true distance cost instead of euclidean shortest distance, i.e. ''as the fish swims around an island'' not ''as the bird flies''. This will cleanly travel around hard barriers and a cost surface map may be used to model expensive-cross barriers. Input data points do not need direct line of sight to be considered, but should be kept within a few dozen as the module becomes very computationally expensive. A number of radial basis function options are available. ([http://grass.gdf-hannover.de/wiki/Image:Inlets_03_SurfSal_icw_big.png screenshot])

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.surf.idwpow ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/v.surf.idwpow.zip v.surf.idwpow] integrates the common v.surf.idw algorithm with the exponential parameter for the distance weights

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== v.surf.krige ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.surf.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method. The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user shown from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. The script can perform also the Leave-One-out cross validation to test the variogram model "fitted by eye" and an automatic fitted variogram model. The cross validation helps the user to choose the best variogram model to interpolate own data.

: '''Author:''' Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== v.strahler ====

[http://www.pois.org/florian/downloads/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network.

: '''Author:''' Florian Kindl. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector/v.strahler

==== v.swathwidth ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== v.thickness ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.thickness.tgz v.thickness] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles.The v.thickness is GUI GRASS script for v.dip.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.trees3d ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/ v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.trimesh ====
[http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/vtrimesh.html v.trimesh] creates a triangular mesh from a vector map using areal constraints for refinement. It uses Jonathan Shewchuk's Triangle library.

: '''Author:''' Jaime Carrera

==== v.variogram ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. Now the script is updated to run on spgrass6 >= 0.3 and sp >= 0.9 [http://grass.osgeo.org/pipermail/statsgrass/2006-October/000455.html reply].

: '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== AniMove ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/animov/ AniMove] is software for analysis of animal movement and ranging behaviour using QGIS+GRASS+R.

:'''Authors:''' Support by Faunalia.it

=== Raster add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster

==== r.bilateral ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.boxcount ====

r.boxcount and r.boxcount.sh calculate the fractal dimension for a given map. These are versions for grass6 of [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnmar/ Mark Lake's modules] for grass43.

: '''Authors:''' Mark Lake, grass6 port: Florian Kindl.

Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount/
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount.sh/

==== r.colors.stddev ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.colors.stddev] is a GRASS shell script for creating dynamic color rules for raster maps based on univariate statistics.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.cpt2grass ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.cpt2grass] is a GRASS script for importing a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] .cpt color table into GRASS. It can save to a text file suitable for r.colors or automatically apply the color table to a raster map. For a large collection of GMT .cpt files see http://sview01.wiredworkplace.net/pub/cpt-city/

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.csr ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.csr.tar.bz2 r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.dominant_dir.m and r.calc_terraflow_dir.m ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.terraflow.tools dominant_dir.m and calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.eucdist ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.fragment ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.fragment.tar.bz2 r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.game_of_life ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.game_of_life r.game_of_life] is a shell script which runs Conway's classic Game of Life using GRASS raster modules. It is meant to demonstrate how easy it is to program cellular automata in GRASS as well as various 3D raster volume and time series visualization techniques.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.gauss ====

[http://www.les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language.

:'''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.gradgrid4 ====

[http://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/personal/mergili/gradgrid4.zip gradgrid4] is a tool for interpolating values of discrete data points to a raster map, applying a local regression approach with a predictor raster. The model is based on shell and python scripts as well as an R batchfile. It was tested on Fedora Core 6 with GRASS 6.2.1 and R 2.5.1, but should work under most UNIX systems. After unzipping the gradgrid4 folder, store it at any place in your local file system. In the subfolder docs you can find a manual and a publication draft with a detailed description of the concept and the example of an application. The subfolder testloc constitutes a GRASS location with test data.

: '''Author:''' Martin Mergili

==== r.in.onearth ====

[http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS.

: '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

==== r.in.wms ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.in.wms.tgz r.in.wms] for download and import maps direct from WMS servers into GRASS. This script is written in Python Programming language. Note GRASS 6.2+ provides a shell script version of r.in.wms, take care of which one is actually being run.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.inund.fluv ====

[https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.inund.fluv/ r.inund.fluv]This command allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.

: '''Authors:''' Roberto Marzocchi, Bianca Federici, Domenico Sguerso

==== r.interp.mask ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.interp.mask r.interp.mask] Creates a user-specified buffer around interpolation points that can be used as a MASK to prevent or clip excessive extrapolation artifacts. This works much better than a standard convex hull around the points.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.li ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. '''''Moved into 6.3-SVN'''''.

: '''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

==== r.local_max.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.mandelbrot ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/r.mandelbrot r.mandelbrot] is a shell script to calculate the Mandelbrot set.- for GRASS versions 6.X.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== r.mlv ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.out.jpeg ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/r.out.jpeg_ r.out.jpeg] is a simple GRASS script to export georeferenced JPEG images from rasters, keeping the associated color table. It is a two-step export: first a ppm file is created, then it is converted to jpeg usgin the "convert" command from ImageMagick

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== r.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview

: '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.out.gmt2 ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt2 r.out.gmt2] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.pack ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.pack r.pack and r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.roughness ====

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. (for GRASS versions 6.1 and above)

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness60 r.roughness60] - for GRASS versions 6.0.X

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.area r.roughness.window.area] - calculate surface roughness as the ratio of real (surface) area and planar area, using a moving-window approach.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector r.roughness.window.vector] - calculate surface roughness as vector dispersion, using a moving-window approach. Resulting maps are: Vector Strength (R) and Inverted Fisher's k parameter.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector.html r.roughness.window.vector.html] - provisional help page for r.roughness.window.vector.

: '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==== r.smoothpatch ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.soils.texture ====

[http://geonomica.googlepages.com/r.soils.texture.zip r.soils.texture] is a module to define soils texture from sand and clay raster file with a schema text file (now only USDA schema). It is written in C language. - for GRASS versions 6.X - For bugs and suggest: g_massa@libero.it

:'''Author:''' Gianluca Massei

==== r.surf.nnbathy ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/r.surf.nnbathy.zip r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates a surface from a raster input using the [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor interpolation library. Provides triangulation, Sibson natural neighbor interpolation and non-Sibsonian interpolation.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== r.tileset ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== r.traveltime ====

[http://jesbergwetter.twoday.net/stories/4845555/ r.traveltime] computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet. The program starts at the basin outlet and calculates the travel time at each raster cell recursively. A drainage area related threhold considers even surface and also channel runoff. Travel times are derived by assuming kinematic wave approximation. The results can be used to derive a time-area function. This might be usefull for precipitation-runoff calculations (estimation of flood predictions) with a lumped hydrologic model (user-specified unit hydrograph).

: '''Author:''' Kristian Förster

==== r.zc.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== GIPE ====

The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models.

: '''Author:''' Yann Chemin (unless specified otherwise).

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/gipe</tt>

:* r.hydro.CASC2D, ported from GRASS 5.x version, is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS.

:* r.soiltex2prop creates porosity, Saturated Hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and wetting front pressure head (Hf) from percentage of sand and clay after Rawls et al., 1990. This is a must for r.hydro.CASC2D.

:* r.usler creates USLE R factor (Rainfall erosivity) from annual precipitations. It has 4 methods, Morgan, Roose, Foster and El-Swaify to choose from. '''Authors:''' Natalia Medvedeva and Yann Chemin

:* r.uslek creates USLE K factor (soil erodibility) from sand, clay, silt fractions and organic matter fraction. Based on USDA 1951 (p209) quoted in FAO World Soil CD, and from some generic [soil class+OM] to K conversion table.

:* i.albedo creates Albedo. Albedo is the shortwave surface reflectance in the range of 0.3-3 micro-meters. This module takes Modis, Aster, Landsat or AVHRR individual surface reflectance bands to calculate Albedo. This module is a precursor to r.sun or any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.eb.* are a set of 10+ GRASS modules that together perform the main functions of the SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). Those functions include (but are not limited to) Soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, net radiation, evaporative fraction at satellite overpass, diurnal actual evapotranspiration, momentum roughness length, etc. These modules are also part of any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.evapo.potrad creates diurnal Potential evapotranspiration assuming all net radiation becomes ET, according to SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). This module also has a flag for diurnal net radiation as required by SEBAL in i.eb.eta.

:* i.vi creates a given Vegetation index from a list of 13 of them, most of them only requiring Red and NIR. Updated to accept all types of input data. '''Authors:''' Baburao Kamble and Yann Chemin

:* i.vi.mpi is the mpi verion for cluster GRASS GIS education (no speed up here!) '''Author:''' Shamim Akhter

:* i.dn2ref.l7, r.dn2ref.ast create top of atmosphere reflectance for Landsat 7ETM+ and ASTER. These modules also have a flag for radiance output. Updated i.dn2ref.l7 to read .met calibration file.

:* i.dn2full.l[5,7] is an attempt to get all bands of Landsat[5,7] calibrated and corrected to either reflectance or temperature, reads only the .met file.

:* i.dn2potrad.l[5,7] is an attempt to get ET potential from DN of Landsat 7 (Careful! No Atmospheric correction!).

:* i.biomass creates biomass growth map from fPAR, lightuse efficiency, water availability (or evap.fraction), Lat, doy and tsw.

==== HydroFOSS ====

HydroFOSS - a GIS embedded approach for Free & Open Source Hydrological modeling.

: '''Author:''' Massimiliano Cannata

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/HydroFOSS/

==== hikereport ====

python script that computes length, cumulative uphill and downhill, average slopes on an interactively drawn path. Based on r.profile's output.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Negri

http://tracce.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=71

===General add-ons===

==== g.laptop.sh ====

: [http://www.nature-consult.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset.

: '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

==== Readline completion ====

: '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install.

: '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)

==== g.region.point ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/general/g.region.point g.region.point] is a shell script which resets the computational region to a square box around a given coordinate. It is intended for use within GRASS scripts to speed up processing by limiting expensive raster calculations to a small area of interest.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== g.xlist ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/general/g.xlist g.xlist] is a C implementation of g.mlist. g.xlist searches for data files matching a pattern given by wildcards or POSIX Extended Regular Expressions. POSIX regex(3) functions are required.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== g.xremove ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/general/g.xremove g.xremove] is a C implementation of g.mremove. g.xremove removes data files matching a pattern given by wildcards or POSIX Extended Regular Expressions. POSIX regex(3) functions are required.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

=== Imagery add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery

==== i.atcorr ====

Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++.

: '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman. Recently incorporated into main [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/imagery/i.atcorr/ SVN].

==== i.points.reproj ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.points.reproj i.points.reproj] is a shell script that will use cs2cs to reproject the target coordinates of a group's POINTS file. By running i.rectify directly to the new target projection, a generation of resampling data loss can be avoided (versus i.rectify + r.proj). On the other hand, i.rectify does not calculate cell resolution well if the map is to be rotated ([http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=3296 bug #3296]), in those cases i.rectify+r.proj may be the better option.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== i.pr ====

Image classification: implements k-NN (multiclass), classification trees (multiclass), maximum likelihood (multiclass), Support Vector Machines (binary), bagging versions of all the base classifiers, AdaBoost for binary trees and support vector machines. It allows feature manipulation (normalization, principal components,...). It also implements feature selection techniques (RFE, E-RFE,...), statistical tests on variables, tools for resampling (cross-validation and bootstrap) and cost-sensitive techniques for trees and support vector machines.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Merler. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery/i.pr

==== i.warp ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.warp i.warp] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Display add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/display

==== d.edit.rast ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.edit.rast d.edit.rast] edits cells in an existing raster map displayed on the current monitor.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== d.frame.quarter ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants (or sixths) using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.frame.split ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.split] is similar as ''d.frame.quarter'', but works for 2,4,6,8,9,12, and 16 subframes and gives an option to spread the frames horizontally or vertically. Replacement for ''d.split'' and ''d.frame.quarter''. Used in GRASS 7 as ''d.split''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.hyperlink ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/d.hyperlink.tar.bz2 d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers.

: '''Author: '''Eric Patton

==== d.mark ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.mark] is a shell script that quickly displays a marker on the display at a given coordinate.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.region.box ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.region.box d.region.box] is a shell script that quickly displays a box around the current region.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.stations ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.varea ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====

* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

==== pd-GRASS ====

[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS

: '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

=== Postscript add-ons ===

See also [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples and templates]].

==== ps.atlas ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====

* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2008-06-28T12:23:36Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* v.in.ncdc */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons (the original GRASS GIS software can be downloaded [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/index.php here]).

__TOC__

== AddOns source code repository ==

The AddOns source code is hosted in [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/ GRASS-AddOns SVN repository].

To checkout:

svn checkout <nowiki>https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/</nowiki> grass-addons

Please contact the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev grass-dev] mailing list if you would like to host your module there.

== Adding something new ==

Please announce your add-on to the GRASS users' mailing list so that others may be aware of your work.

=== Copyright and licensing information ===

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

=== Coding standards ===

Please have a look at our [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

There are other coding standards given for modules written in C, Tcl/Tk, and Python''(?)'' located in the GRASS source code.

=== Documenting your code ===

You can have an help page template auto-generated by using the GRASS [[module command line parser | command line parser]] with the <tt>--html-description</tt> command line option. Please, see also the [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/g.parser.html g.parser help page]

== Miscellaneous Add-ons ==

* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/misc/utm_which_zone utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] or Matlab to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

* [http://www.bowdoin.edu/~ltoma/research.html r.terracost] Scalable approach for computing least-cost-path surfaces on massive grid terrains. For GRASS 5.3. '''Lead author''': Laura Toma

==GRASS 6.x==

=== Vector add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector

==== v.append ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables.

: '''Author:''' Michael Barton

==== v.breach ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.breach.zip v.breach] creates vector maps of lines and points of continously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.colors ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.colors v.colors] is a shell script for populating a GRASSRGB column based on a numeric database column and a ''r.colors'' rules file. Works just like ''r.colors'', but for vector maps.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.count.points.sh ====

[http://wiki.iosa.it/dokuwiki/spatial_analysis:feature_count v.count.points.sh] counts point features in areas, generates table good as input to d.vect.chart.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Costa

==== v.digatt ====

[http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot].

: '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

==== v.dip ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.dip.tgz v.dip] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles. The v.dip is the main ANSI C core program. Program so-called v.dip can run without GRASS environment.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.flip ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.flip.zip v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines (redundant since GRASS 6.3 - there is "v.edit tool=flip").

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.group ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== v.in.gama ====

[http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer.

:'''Author:''' Martin Landa

==== v.in.ncdc ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.in.ncdc v.in.ncdc] imports an [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov NCDC] stn file (station data) into a GRASS vector map.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== v.in.osm ====

[http://kripton.kripserver.net/software/v.in.osm/ v.in.osm]: OpenStreetMap import into GRASS. Yet only supports deprecated API 0.4, will be modified to work with API 0.5 some time soon.

: '''Author:''' Jannis Achstetter

See also [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/gpsdrivefiles#osm osm2grass.sh] by H Bowman

==== v.in.ovl ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.in.ovl/ v.in.ovl] is a shell script that imports an ASCII vector file created with TOP10|25|50 or similar products.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.lda ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS.

==== v.line.center ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.line.center.zip v.line.center] creates a points vector map with each point located in the middle of the length of the input vector line.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.lmeasure ====

[http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin.

: '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

==== v.out.ascii.db ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.ascii.mat ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.mat v.out.ascii.mat] is a shell script for exporting vector polygon and polyline data into an ASCII text file suitable for loading into Matlab (or [http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ Octave]).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== v.out.kml ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.out.kml/ v.out.kml] is a shell script that exports a vector file into a KML file for Google Earth or Worldwind.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.out.svg ====

[http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. Now part of [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/vector/v.out.svg/ grass6-svn].

: '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

==== v.random.cover ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.random.cover v.random.cover] is a shell script for creating random points constrained within an irregularly shaped vector area. (v.random places points only in current region rectangle). Optionally the user can upload raster values at the points. See also '<tt>r.random cover= vector_output=</tt>'

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.rasterbounds ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.sample.buffer ====

[http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc.

: '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

==== v.select.region ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/v.select.region.tar.bz2 v.select.region] is a shell script that prints out the names of all vectors matching an input search pattern that has geometry (points, line, areas) that fall within a region bounded by an existing vector map, or within the current Grass region.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== v.surf.icw ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.surf.icw v.surf.icw] is an IDW interpolation method using true distance cost instead of euclidean shortest distance, i.e. ''as the fish swims around an island'' not ''as the bird flies''. This will cleanly travel around hard barriers and a cost surface map may be used to model expensive-cross barriers. Input data points do not need direct line of sight to be considered, but should be kept within a few dozen as the module becomes very computationally expensive. A number of radial basis function options are available. ([http://grass.gdf-hannover.de/wiki/Image:Inlets_03_SurfSal_icw_big.png screenshot])

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.surf.idwpow ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/v.surf.idwpow.zip v.surf.idwpow] integrates the common v.surf.idw algorithm with the exponential parameter for the distance weights

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== v.surf.krige ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.surf.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method. The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user shown from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. The script can perform also the Leave-One-out cross validation to test the variogram model "fitted by eye" and an automatic fitted variogram model. The cross validation helps the user to choose the best variogram model to interpolate own data.

: '''Author:''' Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== v.strahler ====

[http://www.pois.org/florian/downloads/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network.

: '''Author:''' Florian Kindl. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector/v.strahler

==== v.swathwidth ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== v.thickness ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.thickness.tgz v.thickness] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles.The v.thickness is GUI GRASS script for v.dip.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.trees3d ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/ v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.trimesh ====
[http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/vtrimesh.html v.trimesh] creates a triangular mesh from a vector map using areal constraints for refinement. It uses Jonathan Shewchuk's Triangle library.

: '''Author:''' Jaime Carrera

==== v.variogram ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. Now the script is updated to run on spgrass6 >= 0.3 and sp >= 0.9 [http://grass.osgeo.org/pipermail/statsgrass/2006-October/000455.html reply].

: '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== AniMove ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/animov/ AniMove] is software for analysis of animal movement and ranging behaviour using QGIS+GRASS+R.

:'''Authors:''' Support by Faunalia.it

=== Raster add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster

==== r.bilateral ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.boxcount ====

r.boxcount and r.boxcount.sh calculate the fractal dimension for a given map. These are versions for grass6 of [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnmar/ Mark Lake's modules] for grass43.

: '''Authors:''' Mark Lake, grass6 port: Florian Kindl.

Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount/
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount.sh/

==== r.colors.stddev ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.colors.stddev] is a GRASS shell script for creating dynamic color rules for raster maps based on univariate statistics.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.cpt2grass ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.cpt2grass] is a GRASS script for importing a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] .cpt color table into GRASS. It can save to a text file suitable for r.colors or automatically apply the color table to a raster map. For a large collection of GMT .cpt files see http://sview01.wiredworkplace.net/pub/cpt-city/

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.csr ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.csr.tar.bz2 r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.dominant_dir.m and r.calc_terraflow_dir.m ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.terraflow.tools dominant_dir.m and calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.eucdist ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.fragment ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.fragment.tar.bz2 r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.game_of_life ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.game_of_life r.game_of_life] is a shell script which runs Conway's classic Game of Life using GRASS raster modules. It is meant to demonstrate how easy it is to program cellular automata in GRASS as well as various 3D raster volume and time series visualization techniques.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.gauss ====

[http://www.les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language.

:'''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.gradgrid4 ====

[http://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/personal/mergili/gradgrid4.zip gradgrid4] is a tool for interpolating values of discrete data points to a raster map, applying a local regression approach with a predictor raster. The model is based on shell and python scripts as well as an R batchfile. It was tested on Fedora Core 6 with GRASS 6.2.1 and R 2.5.1, but should work under most UNIX systems. After unzipping the gradgrid4 folder, store it at any place in your local file system. In the subfolder docs you can find a manual and a publication draft with a detailed description of the concept and the example of an application. The subfolder testloc constitutes a GRASS location with test data.

: '''Author:''' Martin Mergili

==== r.in.onearth ====

[http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS.

: '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

==== r.in.wms ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.in.wms.tgz r.in.wms] for download and import maps direct from WMS servers into GRASS. This script is written in Python Programming language. Note GRASS 6.2+ provides a shell script version of r.in.wms, take care of which one is actually being run.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.inund.fluv ====

[https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.inund.fluv/ r.inund.fluv]This command allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.

: '''Authors:''' Roberto Marzocchi, Bianca Federici, Domenico Sguerso

==== r.interp.mask ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.interp.mask r.interp.mask] Creates a user-specified buffer around interpolation points that can be used as a MASK to prevent or clip excessive extrapolation artifacts. This works much better than a standard convex hull around the points.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.li ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. '''''Moved into 6.3-SVN'''''.

: '''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

==== r.local_max.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.mandelbrot ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/r.mandelbrot r.mandelbrot] is a shell script to calculate the Mandelbrot set.- for GRASS versions 6.X.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== r.mlv ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.out.jpeg ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/r.out.jpeg_ r.out.jpeg] is a simple GRASS script to export georeferenced JPEG images from rasters, keeping the associated color table. It is a two-step export: first a ppm file is created, then it is converted to jpeg usgin the "convert" command from ImageMagick

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== r.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview

: '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.out.gmt2 ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt2 r.out.gmt2] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.pack ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.pack r.pack and r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.roughness ====

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. (for GRASS versions 6.1 and above)

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness60 r.roughness60] - for GRASS versions 6.0.X

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.area r.roughness.window.area] - calculate surface roughness as the ratio of real (surface) area and planar area, using a moving-window approach.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector r.roughness.window.vector] - calculate surface roughness as vector dispersion, using a moving-window approach. Resulting maps are: Vector Strength (R) and Inverted Fisher's k parameter.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector.html r.roughness.window.vector.html] - provisional help page for r.roughness.window.vector.

: '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==== r.smoothpatch ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.soils.texture ====

[http://geonomica.googlepages.com/r.soils.texture.zip r.soils.texture] is a module to define soils texture from sand and clay raster file with a schema text file (now only USDA schema). It is written in C language. - for GRASS versions 6.X - For bugs and suggest: g_massa@libero.it

:'''Author:''' Gianluca Massei

==== r.surf.nnbathy ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/r.surf.nnbathy.zip r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates a surface from a raster input using the [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor interpolation library. Provides triangulation, Sibson natural neighbor interpolation and non-Sibsonian interpolation.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== r.tileset ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== r.traveltime ====

[http://jesbergwetter.twoday.net/stories/4845555/ r.traveltime] computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet. The program starts at the basin outlet and calculates the travel time at each raster cell recursively. A drainage area related threhold considers even surface and also channel runoff. Travel times are derived by assuming kinematic wave approximation. The results can be used to derive a time-area function. This might be usefull for precipitation-runoff calculations (estimation of flood predictions) with a lumped hydrologic model (user-specified unit hydrograph).

: '''Author:''' Kristian Förster

==== r.zc.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== GIPE ====

The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models.

: '''Author:''' Yann Chemin (unless specified otherwise).

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/gipe</tt>

:* r.hydro.CASC2D, ported from GRASS 5.x version, is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS.

:* r.soiltex2prop creates porosity, Saturated Hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and wetting front pressure head (Hf) from percentage of sand and clay after Rawls et al., 1990. This is a must for r.hydro.CASC2D.

:* r.usler creates USLE R factor (Rainfall erosivity) from annual precipitations. It has 4 methods, Morgan, Roose, Foster and El-Swaify to choose from. '''Authors:''' Natalia Medvedeva and Yann Chemin

:* r.uslek creates USLE K factor (soil erodibility) from sand, clay, silt fractions and organic matter fraction. Based on USDA 1951 (p209) quoted in FAO World Soil CD, and from some generic [soil class+OM] to K conversion table.

:* i.albedo creates Albedo. Albedo is the shortwave surface reflectance in the range of 0.3-3 micro-meters. This module takes Modis, Aster, Landsat or AVHRR individual surface reflectance bands to calculate Albedo. This module is a precursor to r.sun or any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.eb.* are a set of 10+ GRASS modules that together perform the main functions of the SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). Those functions include (but are not limited to) Soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, net radiation, evaporative fraction at satellite overpass, diurnal actual evapotranspiration, momentum roughness length, etc. These modules are also part of any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.evapo.potrad creates diurnal Potential evapotranspiration assuming all net radiation becomes ET, according to SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). This module also has a flag for diurnal net radiation as required by SEBAL in i.eb.eta.

:* i.vi creates a given Vegetation index from a list of 13 of them, most of them only requiring Red and NIR. Updated to accept all types of input data. '''Authors:''' Baburao Kamble and Yann Chemin

:* i.vi.mpi is the mpi verion for cluster GRASS GIS education (no speed up here!) '''Author:''' Shamim Akhter

:* i.dn2ref.l7, r.dn2ref.ast create top of atmosphere reflectance for Landsat 7ETM+ and ASTER. These modules also have a flag for radiance output. Updated i.dn2ref.l7 to read .met calibration file.

:* i.dn2full.l[5,7] is an attempt to get all bands of Landsat[5,7] calibrated and corrected to either reflectance or temperature, reads only the .met file.

:* i.dn2potrad.l[5,7] is an attempt to get ET potential from DN of Landsat 7 (Careful! No Atmospheric correction!).

:* i.biomass creates biomass growth map from fPAR, lightuse efficiency, water availability (or evap.fraction), Lat, doy and tsw.

==== HydroFOSS ====

HydroFOSS - a GIS embedded approach for Free & Open Source Hydrological modeling.

: '''Author:''' Massimiliano Cannata

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/HydroFOSS/

==== hikereport ====

python script that computes length, cumulative uphill and downhill, average slopes on an interactively drawn path. Based on r.profile's output.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Negri

http://tracce.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=71

===General add-ons===

==== g.laptop.sh ====

: [http://www.nature-consult.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset.

: '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

==== Readline completion ====

: '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install.

: '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)

==== g.region.point ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/general/g.region.point g.region.point] is a shell script which resets the computational region to a square box around a given coordinate. It is intended for use within GRASS scripts to speed up processing by limiting expensive raster calculations to a small area of interest.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Imagery add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery

==== i.atcorr ====

Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++.

: '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman. Recently incorporated into main [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/imagery/i.atcorr/ SVN].

==== i.points.reproj ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.points.reproj i.points.reproj] is a shell script that will use cs2cs to reproject the target coordinates of a group's POINTS file. By running i.rectify directly to the new target projection, a generation of resampling data loss can be avoided (versus i.rectify + r.proj). On the other hand, i.rectify does not calculate cell resolution well if the map is to be rotated ([http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=3296 bug #3296]), in those cases i.rectify+r.proj may be the better option.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== i.pr ====

Image classification: implements k-NN (multiclass), classification trees (multiclass), maximum likelihood (multiclass), Support Vector Machines (binary), bagging versions of all the base classifiers, AdaBoost for binary trees and support vector machines. It allows feature manipulation (normalization, principal components,...). It also implements feature selection techniques (RFE, E-RFE,...), statistical tests on variables, tools for resampling (cross-validation and bootstrap) and cost-sensitive techniques for trees and support vector machines.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Merler. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery/i.pr

==== i.warp ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.warp i.warp] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Display add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/display

==== d.edit.rast ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.edit.rast d.edit.rast] edits cells in an existing raster map displayed on the current monitor.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== d.frame.quarter ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants (or sixths) using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.frame.split ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.split] is similar as ''d.frame.quarter'', but works for 2,4,6,8,9,12, and 16 subframes and gives an option to spread the frames horizontally or vertically. Replacement for ''d.split'' and ''d.frame.quarter''. Used in GRASS 7 as ''d.split''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.hyperlink ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/d.hyperlink.tar.bz2 d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers.

: '''Author: '''Eric Patton

==== d.mark ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.mark] is a shell script that quickly displays a marker on the display at a given coordinate.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.region.box ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.region.box d.region.box] is a shell script that quickly displays a box around the current region.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.stations ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.varea ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====

* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

==== pd-GRASS ====

[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS

: '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

=== Postscript add-ons ===

See also [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples and templates]].

==== ps.atlas ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====

* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2008-06-28T12:21:37Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* v.in.ncdc added */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons (the original GRASS GIS software can be downloaded [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/index.php here]).

__TOC__

== AddOns source code repository ==

The AddOns source code is hosted in [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/ GRASS-AddOns SVN repository].

To checkout:

svn checkout <nowiki>https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/</nowiki> grass-addons

Please contact the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev grass-dev] mailing list if you would like to host your module there.

== Adding something new ==

Please announce your add-on to the GRASS users' mailing list so that others may be aware of your work.

=== Copyright and licensing information ===

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

=== Coding standards ===

Please have a look at our [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

There are other coding standards given for modules written in C, Tcl/Tk, and Python''(?)'' located in the GRASS source code.

=== Documenting your code ===

You can have an help page template auto-generated by using the GRASS [[module command line parser | command line parser]] with the <tt>--html-description</tt> command line option. Please, see also the [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/g.parser.html g.parser help page]

== Miscellaneous Add-ons ==

* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/misc/utm_which_zone utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] or Matlab to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

* [http://www.bowdoin.edu/~ltoma/research.html r.terracost] Scalable approach for computing least-cost-path surfaces on massive grid terrains. For GRASS 5.3. '''Lead author''': Laura Toma

==GRASS 6.x==

=== Vector add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector

==== v.append ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables.

: '''Author:''' Michael Barton

==== v.breach ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.breach.zip v.breach] creates vector maps of lines and points of continously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.colors ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.colors v.colors] is a shell script for populating a GRASSRGB column based on a numeric database column and a ''r.colors'' rules file. Works just like ''r.colors'', but for vector maps.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.count.points.sh ====

[http://wiki.iosa.it/dokuwiki/spatial_analysis:feature_count v.count.points.sh] counts point features in areas, generates table good as input to d.vect.chart.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Costa

==== v.digatt ====

[http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot].

: '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

==== v.dip ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.dip.tgz v.dip] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles. The v.dip is the main ANSI C core program. Program so-called v.dip can run without GRASS environment.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.flip ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.flip.zip v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines (redundant since GRASS 6.3 - there is "v.edit tool=flip").

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.group ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== v.in.gama ====

[http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer.

:'''Author:''' Martin Landa

==== v.in.ncdc ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.in.ncdc v.in.ncdc] imports an [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov NCDC] stn file (station data) into a GRASS vector map.

==== v.in.osm ====

[http://kripton.kripserver.net/software/v.in.osm/ v.in.osm]: OpenStreetMap import into GRASS. Yet only supports deprecated API 0.4, will be modified to work with API 0.5 some time soon.

: '''Author:''' Jannis Achstetter

See also [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/gpsdrivefiles#osm osm2grass.sh] by H Bowman

==== v.in.ovl ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.in.ovl/ v.in.ovl] is a shell script that imports an ASCII vector file created with TOP10|25|50 or similar products.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.lda ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS.

==== v.line.center ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.line.center.zip v.line.center] creates a points vector map with each point located in the middle of the length of the input vector line.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.lmeasure ====

[http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin.

: '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

==== v.out.ascii.db ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.ascii.mat ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.mat v.out.ascii.mat] is a shell script for exporting vector polygon and polyline data into an ASCII text file suitable for loading into Matlab (or [http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ Octave]).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== v.out.kml ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.out.kml/ v.out.kml] is a shell script that exports a vector file into a KML file for Google Earth or Worldwind.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.out.svg ====

[http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. Now part of [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/vector/v.out.svg/ grass6-svn].

: '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

==== v.random.cover ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.random.cover v.random.cover] is a shell script for creating random points constrained within an irregularly shaped vector area. (v.random places points only in current region rectangle). Optionally the user can upload raster values at the points. See also '<tt>r.random cover= vector_output=</tt>'

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.rasterbounds ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.sample.buffer ====

[http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc.

: '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

==== v.select.region ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/v.select.region.tar.bz2 v.select.region] is a shell script that prints out the names of all vectors matching an input search pattern that has geometry (points, line, areas) that fall within a region bounded by an existing vector map, or within the current Grass region.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== v.surf.icw ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.surf.icw v.surf.icw] is an IDW interpolation method using true distance cost instead of euclidean shortest distance, i.e. ''as the fish swims around an island'' not ''as the bird flies''. This will cleanly travel around hard barriers and a cost surface map may be used to model expensive-cross barriers. Input data points do not need direct line of sight to be considered, but should be kept within a few dozen as the module becomes very computationally expensive. A number of radial basis function options are available. ([http://grass.gdf-hannover.de/wiki/Image:Inlets_03_SurfSal_icw_big.png screenshot])

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.surf.idwpow ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/v.surf.idwpow.zip v.surf.idwpow] integrates the common v.surf.idw algorithm with the exponential parameter for the distance weights

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== v.surf.krige ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.surf.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method. The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user shown from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. The script can perform also the Leave-One-out cross validation to test the variogram model "fitted by eye" and an automatic fitted variogram model. The cross validation helps the user to choose the best variogram model to interpolate own data.

: '''Author:''' Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== v.strahler ====

[http://www.pois.org/florian/downloads/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network.

: '''Author:''' Florian Kindl. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector/v.strahler

==== v.swathwidth ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== v.thickness ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.thickness.tgz v.thickness] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles.The v.thickness is GUI GRASS script for v.dip.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.trees3d ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/ v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.trimesh ====
[http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/vtrimesh.html v.trimesh] creates a triangular mesh from a vector map using areal constraints for refinement. It uses Jonathan Shewchuk's Triangle library.

: '''Author:''' Jaime Carrera

==== v.variogram ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. Now the script is updated to run on spgrass6 >= 0.3 and sp >= 0.9 [http://grass.osgeo.org/pipermail/statsgrass/2006-October/000455.html reply].

: '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== AniMove ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/animov/ AniMove] is software for analysis of animal movement and ranging behaviour using QGIS+GRASS+R.

:'''Authors:''' Support by Faunalia.it

=== Raster add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster

==== r.bilateral ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.boxcount ====

r.boxcount and r.boxcount.sh calculate the fractal dimension for a given map. These are versions for grass6 of [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnmar/ Mark Lake's modules] for grass43.

: '''Authors:''' Mark Lake, grass6 port: Florian Kindl.

Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount/
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount.sh/

==== r.colors.stddev ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.colors.stddev] is a GRASS shell script for creating dynamic color rules for raster maps based on univariate statistics.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.cpt2grass ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.cpt2grass] is a GRASS script for importing a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] .cpt color table into GRASS. It can save to a text file suitable for r.colors or automatically apply the color table to a raster map. For a large collection of GMT .cpt files see http://sview01.wiredworkplace.net/pub/cpt-city/

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.csr ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.csr.tar.bz2 r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.dominant_dir.m and r.calc_terraflow_dir.m ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.terraflow.tools dominant_dir.m and calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.eucdist ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.fragment ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.fragment.tar.bz2 r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.game_of_life ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.game_of_life r.game_of_life] is a shell script which runs Conway's classic Game of Life using GRASS raster modules. It is meant to demonstrate how easy it is to program cellular automata in GRASS as well as various 3D raster volume and time series visualization techniques.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.gauss ====

[http://www.les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language.

:'''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.gradgrid4 ====

[http://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/personal/mergili/gradgrid4.zip gradgrid4] is a tool for interpolating values of discrete data points to a raster map, applying a local regression approach with a predictor raster. The model is based on shell and python scripts as well as an R batchfile. It was tested on Fedora Core 6 with GRASS 6.2.1 and R 2.5.1, but should work under most UNIX systems. After unzipping the gradgrid4 folder, store it at any place in your local file system. In the subfolder docs you can find a manual and a publication draft with a detailed description of the concept and the example of an application. The subfolder testloc constitutes a GRASS location with test data.

: '''Author:''' Martin Mergili

==== r.in.onearth ====

[http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS.

: '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

==== r.in.wms ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.in.wms.tgz r.in.wms] for download and import maps direct from WMS servers into GRASS. This script is written in Python Programming language. Note GRASS 6.2+ provides a shell script version of r.in.wms, take care of which one is actually being run.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.inund.fluv ====

[https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.inund.fluv/ r.inund.fluv]This command allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.

: '''Authors:''' Roberto Marzocchi, Bianca Federici, Domenico Sguerso

==== r.interp.mask ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.interp.mask r.interp.mask] Creates a user-specified buffer around interpolation points that can be used as a MASK to prevent or clip excessive extrapolation artifacts. This works much better than a standard convex hull around the points.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.li ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. '''''Moved into 6.3-SVN'''''.

: '''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

==== r.local_max.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.mandelbrot ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/r.mandelbrot r.mandelbrot] is a shell script to calculate the Mandelbrot set.- for GRASS versions 6.X.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== r.mlv ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.out.jpeg ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/r.out.jpeg_ r.out.jpeg] is a simple GRASS script to export georeferenced JPEG images from rasters, keeping the associated color table. It is a two-step export: first a ppm file is created, then it is converted to jpeg usgin the "convert" command from ImageMagick

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== r.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview

: '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.out.gmt2 ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt2 r.out.gmt2] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.pack ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.pack r.pack and r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.roughness ====

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. (for GRASS versions 6.1 and above)

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness60 r.roughness60] - for GRASS versions 6.0.X

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.area r.roughness.window.area] - calculate surface roughness as the ratio of real (surface) area and planar area, using a moving-window approach.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector r.roughness.window.vector] - calculate surface roughness as vector dispersion, using a moving-window approach. Resulting maps are: Vector Strength (R) and Inverted Fisher's k parameter.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector.html r.roughness.window.vector.html] - provisional help page for r.roughness.window.vector.

: '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==== r.smoothpatch ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.soils.texture ====

[http://geonomica.googlepages.com/r.soils.texture.zip r.soils.texture] is a module to define soils texture from sand and clay raster file with a schema text file (now only USDA schema). It is written in C language. - for GRASS versions 6.X - For bugs and suggest: g_massa@libero.it

:'''Author:''' Gianluca Massei

==== r.surf.nnbathy ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/r.surf.nnbathy.zip r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates a surface from a raster input using the [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor interpolation library. Provides triangulation, Sibson natural neighbor interpolation and non-Sibsonian interpolation.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== r.tileset ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== r.traveltime ====

[http://jesbergwetter.twoday.net/stories/4845555/ r.traveltime] computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet. The program starts at the basin outlet and calculates the travel time at each raster cell recursively. A drainage area related threhold considers even surface and also channel runoff. Travel times are derived by assuming kinematic wave approximation. The results can be used to derive a time-area function. This might be usefull for precipitation-runoff calculations (estimation of flood predictions) with a lumped hydrologic model (user-specified unit hydrograph).

: '''Author:''' Kristian Förster

==== r.zc.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== GIPE ====

The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models.

: '''Author:''' Yann Chemin (unless specified otherwise).

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/gipe</tt>

:* r.hydro.CASC2D, ported from GRASS 5.x version, is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS.

:* r.soiltex2prop creates porosity, Saturated Hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and wetting front pressure head (Hf) from percentage of sand and clay after Rawls et al., 1990. This is a must for r.hydro.CASC2D.

:* r.usler creates USLE R factor (Rainfall erosivity) from annual precipitations. It has 4 methods, Morgan, Roose, Foster and El-Swaify to choose from. '''Authors:''' Natalia Medvedeva and Yann Chemin

:* r.uslek creates USLE K factor (soil erodibility) from sand, clay, silt fractions and organic matter fraction. Based on USDA 1951 (p209) quoted in FAO World Soil CD, and from some generic [soil class+OM] to K conversion table.

:* i.albedo creates Albedo. Albedo is the shortwave surface reflectance in the range of 0.3-3 micro-meters. This module takes Modis, Aster, Landsat or AVHRR individual surface reflectance bands to calculate Albedo. This module is a precursor to r.sun or any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.eb.* are a set of 10+ GRASS modules that together perform the main functions of the SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). Those functions include (but are not limited to) Soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, net radiation, evaporative fraction at satellite overpass, diurnal actual evapotranspiration, momentum roughness length, etc. These modules are also part of any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.evapo.potrad creates diurnal Potential evapotranspiration assuming all net radiation becomes ET, according to SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). This module also has a flag for diurnal net radiation as required by SEBAL in i.eb.eta.

:* i.vi creates a given Vegetation index from a list of 13 of them, most of them only requiring Red and NIR. Updated to accept all types of input data. '''Authors:''' Baburao Kamble and Yann Chemin

:* i.vi.mpi is the mpi verion for cluster GRASS GIS education (no speed up here!) '''Author:''' Shamim Akhter

:* i.dn2ref.l7, r.dn2ref.ast create top of atmosphere reflectance for Landsat 7ETM+ and ASTER. These modules also have a flag for radiance output. Updated i.dn2ref.l7 to read .met calibration file.

:* i.dn2full.l[5,7] is an attempt to get all bands of Landsat[5,7] calibrated and corrected to either reflectance or temperature, reads only the .met file.

:* i.dn2potrad.l[5,7] is an attempt to get ET potential from DN of Landsat 7 (Careful! No Atmospheric correction!).

:* i.biomass creates biomass growth map from fPAR, lightuse efficiency, water availability (or evap.fraction), Lat, doy and tsw.

==== HydroFOSS ====

HydroFOSS - a GIS embedded approach for Free & Open Source Hydrological modeling.

: '''Author:''' Massimiliano Cannata

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/HydroFOSS/

==== hikereport ====

python script that computes length, cumulative uphill and downhill, average slopes on an interactively drawn path. Based on r.profile's output.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Negri

http://tracce.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=71

===General add-ons===

==== g.laptop.sh ====

: [http://www.nature-consult.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset.

: '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

==== Readline completion ====

: '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install.

: '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)

==== g.region.point ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/general/g.region.point g.region.point] is a shell script which resets the computational region to a square box around a given coordinate. It is intended for use within GRASS scripts to speed up processing by limiting expensive raster calculations to a small area of interest.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Imagery add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery

==== i.atcorr ====

Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++.

: '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman. Recently incorporated into main [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/imagery/i.atcorr/ SVN].

==== i.points.reproj ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.points.reproj i.points.reproj] is a shell script that will use cs2cs to reproject the target coordinates of a group's POINTS file. By running i.rectify directly to the new target projection, a generation of resampling data loss can be avoided (versus i.rectify + r.proj). On the other hand, i.rectify does not calculate cell resolution well if the map is to be rotated ([http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=3296 bug #3296]), in those cases i.rectify+r.proj may be the better option.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== i.pr ====

Image classification: implements k-NN (multiclass), classification trees (multiclass), maximum likelihood (multiclass), Support Vector Machines (binary), bagging versions of all the base classifiers, AdaBoost for binary trees and support vector machines. It allows feature manipulation (normalization, principal components,...). It also implements feature selection techniques (RFE, E-RFE,...), statistical tests on variables, tools for resampling (cross-validation and bootstrap) and cost-sensitive techniques for trees and support vector machines.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Merler. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery/i.pr

==== i.warp ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.warp i.warp] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Display add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/display

==== d.edit.rast ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.edit.rast d.edit.rast] edits cells in an existing raster map displayed on the current monitor.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== d.frame.quarter ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants (or sixths) using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.frame.split ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.split] is similar as ''d.frame.quarter'', but works for 2,4,6,8,9,12, and 16 subframes and gives an option to spread the frames horizontally or vertically. Replacement for ''d.split'' and ''d.frame.quarter''. Used in GRASS 7 as ''d.split''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.hyperlink ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/d.hyperlink.tar.bz2 d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers.

: '''Author: '''Eric Patton

==== d.mark ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.mark] is a shell script that quickly displays a marker on the display at a given coordinate.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.region.box ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.region.box d.region.box] is a shell script that quickly displays a box around the current region.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.stations ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.varea ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====

* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

==== pd-GRASS ====

[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS

: '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

=== Postscript add-ons ===

See also [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples and templates]].

==== ps.atlas ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====

* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2008-06-28T12:15:53Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* d.edit.rast */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons (the original GRASS GIS software can be downloaded [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/index.php here]).

__TOC__

== AddOns source code repository ==

The AddOns source code is hosted in [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/ GRASS-AddOns SVN repository].

To checkout:

svn checkout <nowiki>https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/</nowiki> grass-addons

Please contact the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev grass-dev] mailing list if you would like to host your module there.

== Adding something new ==

Please announce your add-on to the GRASS users' mailing list so that others may be aware of your work.

=== Copyright and licensing information ===

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

=== Coding standards ===

Please have a look at our [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

There are other coding standards given for modules written in C, Tcl/Tk, and Python''(?)'' located in the GRASS source code.

=== Documenting your code ===

You can have an help page template auto-generated by using the GRASS [[module command line parser | command line parser]] with the <tt>--html-description</tt> command line option. Please, see also the [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/g.parser.html g.parser help page]

== Miscellaneous Add-ons ==

* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/misc/utm_which_zone utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] or Matlab to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

* [http://www.bowdoin.edu/~ltoma/research.html r.terracost] Scalable approach for computing least-cost-path surfaces on massive grid terrains. For GRASS 5.3. '''Lead author''': Laura Toma

==GRASS 6.x==

=== Vector add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector

==== v.append ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables.

: '''Author:''' Michael Barton

==== v.breach ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.breach.zip v.breach] creates vector maps of lines and points of continously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.colors ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.colors v.colors] is a shell script for populating a GRASSRGB column based on a numeric database column and a ''r.colors'' rules file. Works just like ''r.colors'', but for vector maps.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.count.points.sh ====

[http://wiki.iosa.it/dokuwiki/spatial_analysis:feature_count v.count.points.sh] counts point features in areas, generates table good as input to d.vect.chart.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Costa

==== v.digatt ====

[http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot].

: '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

==== v.dip ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.dip.tgz v.dip] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles. The v.dip is the main ANSI C core program. Program so-called v.dip can run without GRASS environment.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.flip ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.flip.zip v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines (redundant since GRASS 6.3 - there is "v.edit tool=flip").

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.group ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== v.in.gama ====

[http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer.

:'''Author:''' Martin Landa

==== v.in.osm ====

[http://kripton.kripserver.net/software/v.in.osm/ v.in.osm]: OpenStreetMap import into GRASS. Yet only supports deprecated API 0.4, will be modified to work with API 0.5 some time soon.

: '''Author:''' Jannis Achstetter

See also [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/gpsdrivefiles#osm osm2grass.sh] by H Bowman

==== v.in.ovl ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.in.ovl/ v.in.ovl] is a shell script that imports an ASCII vector file created with TOP10|25|50 or similar products.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.lda ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS.

==== v.line.center ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.line.center.zip v.line.center] creates a points vector map with each point located in the middle of the length of the input vector line.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.lmeasure ====

[http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin.

: '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

==== v.out.ascii.db ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.ascii.mat ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.mat v.out.ascii.mat] is a shell script for exporting vector polygon and polyline data into an ASCII text file suitable for loading into Matlab (or [http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ Octave]).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== v.out.kml ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.out.kml/ v.out.kml] is a shell script that exports a vector file into a KML file for Google Earth or Worldwind.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.out.svg ====

[http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. Now part of [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/vector/v.out.svg/ grass6-svn].

: '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

==== v.random.cover ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.random.cover v.random.cover] is a shell script for creating random points constrained within an irregularly shaped vector area. (v.random places points only in current region rectangle). Optionally the user can upload raster values at the points. See also '<tt>r.random cover= vector_output=</tt>'

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.rasterbounds ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.sample.buffer ====

[http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc.

: '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

==== v.select.region ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/v.select.region.tar.bz2 v.select.region] is a shell script that prints out the names of all vectors matching an input search pattern that has geometry (points, line, areas) that fall within a region bounded by an existing vector map, or within the current Grass region.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== v.surf.icw ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.surf.icw v.surf.icw] is an IDW interpolation method using true distance cost instead of euclidean shortest distance, i.e. ''as the fish swims around an island'' not ''as the bird flies''. This will cleanly travel around hard barriers and a cost surface map may be used to model expensive-cross barriers. Input data points do not need direct line of sight to be considered, but should be kept within a few dozen as the module becomes very computationally expensive. A number of radial basis function options are available. ([http://grass.gdf-hannover.de/wiki/Image:Inlets_03_SurfSal_icw_big.png screenshot])

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.surf.idwpow ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/v.surf.idwpow.zip v.surf.idwpow] integrates the common v.surf.idw algorithm with the exponential parameter for the distance weights

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== v.surf.krige ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.surf.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method. The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user shown from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. The script can perform also the Leave-One-out cross validation to test the variogram model "fitted by eye" and an automatic fitted variogram model. The cross validation helps the user to choose the best variogram model to interpolate own data.

: '''Author:''' Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== v.strahler ====

[http://www.pois.org/florian/downloads/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network.

: '''Author:''' Florian Kindl. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector/v.strahler

==== v.swathwidth ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== v.thickness ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.thickness.tgz v.thickness] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles.The v.thickness is GUI GRASS script for v.dip.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.trees3d ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/ v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.trimesh ====
[http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/vtrimesh.html v.trimesh] creates a triangular mesh from a vector map using areal constraints for refinement. It uses Jonathan Shewchuk's Triangle library.

: '''Author:''' Jaime Carrera

==== v.variogram ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. Now the script is updated to run on spgrass6 >= 0.3 and sp >= 0.9 [http://grass.osgeo.org/pipermail/statsgrass/2006-October/000455.html reply].

: '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== AniMove ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/animov/ AniMove] is software for analysis of animal movement and ranging behaviour using QGIS+GRASS+R.

:'''Authors:''' Support by Faunalia.it

=== Raster add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster

==== r.bilateral ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.boxcount ====

r.boxcount and r.boxcount.sh calculate the fractal dimension for a given map. These are versions for grass6 of [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnmar/ Mark Lake's modules] for grass43.

: '''Authors:''' Mark Lake, grass6 port: Florian Kindl.

Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount/
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount.sh/

==== r.colors.stddev ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.colors.stddev] is a GRASS shell script for creating dynamic color rules for raster maps based on univariate statistics.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.cpt2grass ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.cpt2grass] is a GRASS script for importing a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] .cpt color table into GRASS. It can save to a text file suitable for r.colors or automatically apply the color table to a raster map. For a large collection of GMT .cpt files see http://sview01.wiredworkplace.net/pub/cpt-city/

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.csr ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.csr.tar.bz2 r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.dominant_dir.m and r.calc_terraflow_dir.m ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.terraflow.tools dominant_dir.m and calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.eucdist ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.fragment ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.fragment.tar.bz2 r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.game_of_life ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.game_of_life r.game_of_life] is a shell script which runs Conway's classic Game of Life using GRASS raster modules. It is meant to demonstrate how easy it is to program cellular automata in GRASS as well as various 3D raster volume and time series visualization techniques.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.gauss ====

[http://www.les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language.

:'''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.gradgrid4 ====

[http://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/personal/mergili/gradgrid4.zip gradgrid4] is a tool for interpolating values of discrete data points to a raster map, applying a local regression approach with a predictor raster. The model is based on shell and python scripts as well as an R batchfile. It was tested on Fedora Core 6 with GRASS 6.2.1 and R 2.5.1, but should work under most UNIX systems. After unzipping the gradgrid4 folder, store it at any place in your local file system. In the subfolder docs you can find a manual and a publication draft with a detailed description of the concept and the example of an application. The subfolder testloc constitutes a GRASS location with test data.

: '''Author:''' Martin Mergili

==== r.in.onearth ====

[http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS.

: '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

==== r.in.wms ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.in.wms.tgz r.in.wms] for download and import maps direct from WMS servers into GRASS. This script is written in Python Programming language. Note GRASS 6.2+ provides a shell script version of r.in.wms, take care of which one is actually being run.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.inund.fluv ====

[https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.inund.fluv/ r.inund.fluv]This command allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.

: '''Authors:''' Roberto Marzocchi, Bianca Federici, Domenico Sguerso

==== r.interp.mask ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.interp.mask r.interp.mask] Creates a user-specified buffer around interpolation points that can be used as a MASK to prevent or clip excessive extrapolation artifacts. This works much better than a standard convex hull around the points.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.li ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. '''''Moved into 6.3-SVN'''''.

: '''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

==== r.local_max.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.mandelbrot ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/r.mandelbrot r.mandelbrot] is a shell script to calculate the Mandelbrot set.- for GRASS versions 6.X.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== r.mlv ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.out.jpeg ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/r.out.jpeg_ r.out.jpeg] is a simple GRASS script to export georeferenced JPEG images from rasters, keeping the associated color table. It is a two-step export: first a ppm file is created, then it is converted to jpeg usgin the "convert" command from ImageMagick

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== r.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview

: '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.out.gmt2 ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt2 r.out.gmt2] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.pack ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.pack r.pack and r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.roughness ====

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. (for GRASS versions 6.1 and above)

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness60 r.roughness60] - for GRASS versions 6.0.X

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.area r.roughness.window.area] - calculate surface roughness as the ratio of real (surface) area and planar area, using a moving-window approach.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector r.roughness.window.vector] - calculate surface roughness as vector dispersion, using a moving-window approach. Resulting maps are: Vector Strength (R) and Inverted Fisher's k parameter.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector.html r.roughness.window.vector.html] - provisional help page for r.roughness.window.vector.

: '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==== r.smoothpatch ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.soils.texture ====

[http://geonomica.googlepages.com/r.soils.texture.zip r.soils.texture] is a module to define soils texture from sand and clay raster file with a schema text file (now only USDA schema). It is written in C language. - for GRASS versions 6.X - For bugs and suggest: g_massa@libero.it

:'''Author:''' Gianluca Massei

==== r.surf.nnbathy ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/r.surf.nnbathy.zip r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates a surface from a raster input using the [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor interpolation library. Provides triangulation, Sibson natural neighbor interpolation and non-Sibsonian interpolation.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== r.tileset ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== r.traveltime ====

[http://jesbergwetter.twoday.net/stories/4845555/ r.traveltime] computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet. The program starts at the basin outlet and calculates the travel time at each raster cell recursively. A drainage area related threhold considers even surface and also channel runoff. Travel times are derived by assuming kinematic wave approximation. The results can be used to derive a time-area function. This might be usefull for precipitation-runoff calculations (estimation of flood predictions) with a lumped hydrologic model (user-specified unit hydrograph).

: '''Author:''' Kristian Förster

==== r.zc.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== GIPE ====

The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models.

: '''Author:''' Yann Chemin (unless specified otherwise).

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/gipe</tt>

:* r.hydro.CASC2D, ported from GRASS 5.x version, is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS.

:* r.soiltex2prop creates porosity, Saturated Hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and wetting front pressure head (Hf) from percentage of sand and clay after Rawls et al., 1990. This is a must for r.hydro.CASC2D.

:* r.usler creates USLE R factor (Rainfall erosivity) from annual precipitations. It has 4 methods, Morgan, Roose, Foster and El-Swaify to choose from. '''Authors:''' Natalia Medvedeva and Yann Chemin

:* r.uslek creates USLE K factor (soil erodibility) from sand, clay, silt fractions and organic matter fraction. Based on USDA 1951 (p209) quoted in FAO World Soil CD, and from some generic [soil class+OM] to K conversion table.

:* i.albedo creates Albedo. Albedo is the shortwave surface reflectance in the range of 0.3-3 micro-meters. This module takes Modis, Aster, Landsat or AVHRR individual surface reflectance bands to calculate Albedo. This module is a precursor to r.sun or any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.eb.* are a set of 10+ GRASS modules that together perform the main functions of the SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). Those functions include (but are not limited to) Soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, net radiation, evaporative fraction at satellite overpass, diurnal actual evapotranspiration, momentum roughness length, etc. These modules are also part of any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.evapo.potrad creates diurnal Potential evapotranspiration assuming all net radiation becomes ET, according to SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). This module also has a flag for diurnal net radiation as required by SEBAL in i.eb.eta.

:* i.vi creates a given Vegetation index from a list of 13 of them, most of them only requiring Red and NIR. Updated to accept all types of input data. '''Authors:''' Baburao Kamble and Yann Chemin

:* i.vi.mpi is the mpi verion for cluster GRASS GIS education (no speed up here!) '''Author:''' Shamim Akhter

:* i.dn2ref.l7, r.dn2ref.ast create top of atmosphere reflectance for Landsat 7ETM+ and ASTER. These modules also have a flag for radiance output. Updated i.dn2ref.l7 to read .met calibration file.

:* i.dn2full.l[5,7] is an attempt to get all bands of Landsat[5,7] calibrated and corrected to either reflectance or temperature, reads only the .met file.

:* i.dn2potrad.l[5,7] is an attempt to get ET potential from DN of Landsat 7 (Careful! No Atmospheric correction!).

:* i.biomass creates biomass growth map from fPAR, lightuse efficiency, water availability (or evap.fraction), Lat, doy and tsw.

==== HydroFOSS ====

HydroFOSS - a GIS embedded approach for Free & Open Source Hydrological modeling.

: '''Author:''' Massimiliano Cannata

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/HydroFOSS/

==== hikereport ====

python script that computes length, cumulative uphill and downhill, average slopes on an interactively drawn path. Based on r.profile's output.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Negri

http://tracce.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=71

===General add-ons===

==== g.laptop.sh ====

: [http://www.nature-consult.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset.

: '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

==== Readline completion ====

: '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install.

: '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)

==== g.region.point ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/general/g.region.point g.region.point] is a shell script which resets the computational region to a square box around a given coordinate. It is intended for use within GRASS scripts to speed up processing by limiting expensive raster calculations to a small area of interest.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Imagery add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery

==== i.atcorr ====

Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++.

: '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman. Recently incorporated into main [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/imagery/i.atcorr/ SVN].

==== i.points.reproj ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.points.reproj i.points.reproj] is a shell script that will use cs2cs to reproject the target coordinates of a group's POINTS file. By running i.rectify directly to the new target projection, a generation of resampling data loss can be avoided (versus i.rectify + r.proj). On the other hand, i.rectify does not calculate cell resolution well if the map is to be rotated ([http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=3296 bug #3296]), in those cases i.rectify+r.proj may be the better option.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== i.pr ====

Image classification: implements k-NN (multiclass), classification trees (multiclass), maximum likelihood (multiclass), Support Vector Machines (binary), bagging versions of all the base classifiers, AdaBoost for binary trees and support vector machines. It allows feature manipulation (normalization, principal components,...). It also implements feature selection techniques (RFE, E-RFE,...), statistical tests on variables, tools for resampling (cross-validation and bootstrap) and cost-sensitive techniques for trees and support vector machines.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Merler. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery/i.pr

==== i.warp ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.warp i.warp] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Display add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/display

==== d.edit.rast ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.edit.rast d.edit.rast] edits cells in an existing raster map displayed on the current monitor.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== d.frame.quarter ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants (or sixths) using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.frame.split ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.split] is similar as ''d.frame.quarter'', but works for 2,4,6,8,9,12, and 16 subframes and gives an option to spread the frames horizontally or vertically. Replacement for ''d.split'' and ''d.frame.quarter''. Used in GRASS 7 as ''d.split''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.hyperlink ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/d.hyperlink.tar.bz2 d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers.

: '''Author: '''Eric Patton

==== d.mark ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.mark] is a shell script that quickly displays a marker on the display at a given coordinate.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.region.box ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.region.box d.region.box] is a shell script that quickly displays a box around the current region.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.stations ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.varea ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====

* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

==== pd-GRASS ====

[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS

: '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

=== Postscript add-ons ===

See also [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples and templates]].

==== ps.atlas ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====

* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2008-06-28T12:14:36Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* v.out.gmt */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons (the original GRASS GIS software can be downloaded [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/index.php here]).

__TOC__

== AddOns source code repository ==

The AddOns source code is hosted in [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/ GRASS-AddOns SVN repository].

To checkout:

svn checkout <nowiki>https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/</nowiki> grass-addons

Please contact the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev grass-dev] mailing list if you would like to host your module there.

== Adding something new ==

Please announce your add-on to the GRASS users' mailing list so that others may be aware of your work.

=== Copyright and licensing information ===

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

=== Coding standards ===

Please have a look at our [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

There are other coding standards given for modules written in C, Tcl/Tk, and Python''(?)'' located in the GRASS source code.

=== Documenting your code ===

You can have an help page template auto-generated by using the GRASS [[module command line parser | command line parser]] with the <tt>--html-description</tt> command line option. Please, see also the [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/g.parser.html g.parser help page]

== Miscellaneous Add-ons ==

* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/misc/utm_which_zone utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] or Matlab to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

* [http://www.bowdoin.edu/~ltoma/research.html r.terracost] Scalable approach for computing least-cost-path surfaces on massive grid terrains. For GRASS 5.3. '''Lead author''': Laura Toma

==GRASS 6.x==

=== Vector add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector

==== v.append ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables.

: '''Author:''' Michael Barton

==== v.breach ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.breach.zip v.breach] creates vector maps of lines and points of continously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.colors ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.colors v.colors] is a shell script for populating a GRASSRGB column based on a numeric database column and a ''r.colors'' rules file. Works just like ''r.colors'', but for vector maps.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.count.points.sh ====

[http://wiki.iosa.it/dokuwiki/spatial_analysis:feature_count v.count.points.sh] counts point features in areas, generates table good as input to d.vect.chart.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Costa

==== v.digatt ====

[http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot].

: '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

==== v.dip ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.dip.tgz v.dip] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles. The v.dip is the main ANSI C core program. Program so-called v.dip can run without GRASS environment.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.flip ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.flip.zip v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines (redundant since GRASS 6.3 - there is "v.edit tool=flip").

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.group ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== v.in.gama ====

[http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer.

:'''Author:''' Martin Landa

==== v.in.osm ====

[http://kripton.kripserver.net/software/v.in.osm/ v.in.osm]: OpenStreetMap import into GRASS. Yet only supports deprecated API 0.4, will be modified to work with API 0.5 some time soon.

: '''Author:''' Jannis Achstetter

See also [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/gpsdrivefiles#osm osm2grass.sh] by H Bowman

==== v.in.ovl ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.in.ovl/ v.in.ovl] is a shell script that imports an ASCII vector file created with TOP10|25|50 or similar products.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.lda ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS.

==== v.line.center ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.line.center.zip v.line.center] creates a points vector map with each point located in the middle of the length of the input vector line.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.lmeasure ====

[http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin.

: '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

==== v.out.ascii.db ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.ascii.mat ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.mat v.out.ascii.mat] is a shell script for exporting vector polygon and polyline data into an ASCII text file suitable for loading into Matlab (or [http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ Octave]).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== v.out.kml ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.out.kml/ v.out.kml] is a shell script that exports a vector file into a KML file for Google Earth or Worldwind.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.out.svg ====

[http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. Now part of [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/vector/v.out.svg/ grass6-svn].

: '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

==== v.random.cover ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.random.cover v.random.cover] is a shell script for creating random points constrained within an irregularly shaped vector area. (v.random places points only in current region rectangle). Optionally the user can upload raster values at the points. See also '<tt>r.random cover= vector_output=</tt>'

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.rasterbounds ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.sample.buffer ====

[http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc.

: '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

==== v.select.region ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/v.select.region.tar.bz2 v.select.region] is a shell script that prints out the names of all vectors matching an input search pattern that has geometry (points, line, areas) that fall within a region bounded by an existing vector map, or within the current Grass region.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== v.surf.icw ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.surf.icw v.surf.icw] is an IDW interpolation method using true distance cost instead of euclidean shortest distance, i.e. ''as the fish swims around an island'' not ''as the bird flies''. This will cleanly travel around hard barriers and a cost surface map may be used to model expensive-cross barriers. Input data points do not need direct line of sight to be considered, but should be kept within a few dozen as the module becomes very computationally expensive. A number of radial basis function options are available. ([http://grass.gdf-hannover.de/wiki/Image:Inlets_03_SurfSal_icw_big.png screenshot])

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.surf.idwpow ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/v.surf.idwpow.zip v.surf.idwpow] integrates the common v.surf.idw algorithm with the exponential parameter for the distance weights

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== v.surf.krige ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.surf.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method. The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user shown from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. The script can perform also the Leave-One-out cross validation to test the variogram model "fitted by eye" and an automatic fitted variogram model. The cross validation helps the user to choose the best variogram model to interpolate own data.

: '''Author:''' Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== v.strahler ====

[http://www.pois.org/florian/downloads/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network.

: '''Author:''' Florian Kindl. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector/v.strahler

==== v.swathwidth ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== v.thickness ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.thickness.tgz v.thickness] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles.The v.thickness is GUI GRASS script for v.dip.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.trees3d ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/ v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.trimesh ====
[http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/vtrimesh.html v.trimesh] creates a triangular mesh from a vector map using areal constraints for refinement. It uses Jonathan Shewchuk's Triangle library.

: '''Author:''' Jaime Carrera

==== v.variogram ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. Now the script is updated to run on spgrass6 >= 0.3 and sp >= 0.9 [http://grass.osgeo.org/pipermail/statsgrass/2006-October/000455.html reply].

: '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== AniMove ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/animov/ AniMove] is software for analysis of animal movement and ranging behaviour using QGIS+GRASS+R.

:'''Authors:''' Support by Faunalia.it

=== Raster add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster

==== r.bilateral ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.boxcount ====

r.boxcount and r.boxcount.sh calculate the fractal dimension for a given map. These are versions for grass6 of [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnmar/ Mark Lake's modules] for grass43.

: '''Authors:''' Mark Lake, grass6 port: Florian Kindl.

Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount/
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount.sh/

==== r.colors.stddev ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.colors.stddev] is a GRASS shell script for creating dynamic color rules for raster maps based on univariate statistics.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.cpt2grass ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.cpt2grass] is a GRASS script for importing a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] .cpt color table into GRASS. It can save to a text file suitable for r.colors or automatically apply the color table to a raster map. For a large collection of GMT .cpt files see http://sview01.wiredworkplace.net/pub/cpt-city/

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.csr ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.csr.tar.bz2 r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.dominant_dir.m and r.calc_terraflow_dir.m ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.terraflow.tools dominant_dir.m and calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.eucdist ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.fragment ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.fragment.tar.bz2 r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.game_of_life ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.game_of_life r.game_of_life] is a shell script which runs Conway's classic Game of Life using GRASS raster modules. It is meant to demonstrate how easy it is to program cellular automata in GRASS as well as various 3D raster volume and time series visualization techniques.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.gauss ====

[http://www.les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language.

:'''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.gradgrid4 ====

[http://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/personal/mergili/gradgrid4.zip gradgrid4] is a tool for interpolating values of discrete data points to a raster map, applying a local regression approach with a predictor raster. The model is based on shell and python scripts as well as an R batchfile. It was tested on Fedora Core 6 with GRASS 6.2.1 and R 2.5.1, but should work under most UNIX systems. After unzipping the gradgrid4 folder, store it at any place in your local file system. In the subfolder docs you can find a manual and a publication draft with a detailed description of the concept and the example of an application. The subfolder testloc constitutes a GRASS location with test data.

: '''Author:''' Martin Mergili

==== r.in.onearth ====

[http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS.

: '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

==== r.in.wms ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.in.wms.tgz r.in.wms] for download and import maps direct from WMS servers into GRASS. This script is written in Python Programming language. Note GRASS 6.2+ provides a shell script version of r.in.wms, take care of which one is actually being run.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.inund.fluv ====

[https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.inund.fluv/ r.inund.fluv]This command allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.

: '''Authors:''' Roberto Marzocchi, Bianca Federici, Domenico Sguerso

==== r.interp.mask ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.interp.mask r.interp.mask] Creates a user-specified buffer around interpolation points that can be used as a MASK to prevent or clip excessive extrapolation artifacts. This works much better than a standard convex hull around the points.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.li ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. '''''Moved into 6.3-SVN'''''.

: '''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

==== r.local_max.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.mandelbrot ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/r.mandelbrot r.mandelbrot] is a shell script to calculate the Mandelbrot set.- for GRASS versions 6.X.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== r.mlv ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.out.jpeg ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/r.out.jpeg_ r.out.jpeg] is a simple GRASS script to export georeferenced JPEG images from rasters, keeping the associated color table. It is a two-step export: first a ppm file is created, then it is converted to jpeg usgin the "convert" command from ImageMagick

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== r.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview

: '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.out.gmt2 ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt2 r.out.gmt2] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.pack ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.pack r.pack and r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.roughness ====

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. (for GRASS versions 6.1 and above)

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness60 r.roughness60] - for GRASS versions 6.0.X

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.area r.roughness.window.area] - calculate surface roughness as the ratio of real (surface) area and planar area, using a moving-window approach.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector r.roughness.window.vector] - calculate surface roughness as vector dispersion, using a moving-window approach. Resulting maps are: Vector Strength (R) and Inverted Fisher's k parameter.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector.html r.roughness.window.vector.html] - provisional help page for r.roughness.window.vector.

: '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==== r.smoothpatch ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.soils.texture ====

[http://geonomica.googlepages.com/r.soils.texture.zip r.soils.texture] is a module to define soils texture from sand and clay raster file with a schema text file (now only USDA schema). It is written in C language. - for GRASS versions 6.X - For bugs and suggest: g_massa@libero.it

:'''Author:''' Gianluca Massei

==== r.surf.nnbathy ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/r.surf.nnbathy.zip r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates a surface from a raster input using the [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor interpolation library. Provides triangulation, Sibson natural neighbor interpolation and non-Sibsonian interpolation.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== r.tileset ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== r.traveltime ====

[http://jesbergwetter.twoday.net/stories/4845555/ r.traveltime] computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet. The program starts at the basin outlet and calculates the travel time at each raster cell recursively. A drainage area related threhold considers even surface and also channel runoff. Travel times are derived by assuming kinematic wave approximation. The results can be used to derive a time-area function. This might be usefull for precipitation-runoff calculations (estimation of flood predictions) with a lumped hydrologic model (user-specified unit hydrograph).

: '''Author:''' Kristian Förster

==== r.zc.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== GIPE ====

The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models.

: '''Author:''' Yann Chemin (unless specified otherwise).

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/gipe</tt>

:* r.hydro.CASC2D, ported from GRASS 5.x version, is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS.

:* r.soiltex2prop creates porosity, Saturated Hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and wetting front pressure head (Hf) from percentage of sand and clay after Rawls et al., 1990. This is a must for r.hydro.CASC2D.

:* r.usler creates USLE R factor (Rainfall erosivity) from annual precipitations. It has 4 methods, Morgan, Roose, Foster and El-Swaify to choose from. '''Authors:''' Natalia Medvedeva and Yann Chemin

:* r.uslek creates USLE K factor (soil erodibility) from sand, clay, silt fractions and organic matter fraction. Based on USDA 1951 (p209) quoted in FAO World Soil CD, and from some generic [soil class+OM] to K conversion table.

:* i.albedo creates Albedo. Albedo is the shortwave surface reflectance in the range of 0.3-3 micro-meters. This module takes Modis, Aster, Landsat or AVHRR individual surface reflectance bands to calculate Albedo. This module is a precursor to r.sun or any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.eb.* are a set of 10+ GRASS modules that together perform the main functions of the SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). Those functions include (but are not limited to) Soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, net radiation, evaporative fraction at satellite overpass, diurnal actual evapotranspiration, momentum roughness length, etc. These modules are also part of any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.evapo.potrad creates diurnal Potential evapotranspiration assuming all net radiation becomes ET, according to SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). This module also has a flag for diurnal net radiation as required by SEBAL in i.eb.eta.

:* i.vi creates a given Vegetation index from a list of 13 of them, most of them only requiring Red and NIR. Updated to accept all types of input data. '''Authors:''' Baburao Kamble and Yann Chemin

:* i.vi.mpi is the mpi verion for cluster GRASS GIS education (no speed up here!) '''Author:''' Shamim Akhter

:* i.dn2ref.l7, r.dn2ref.ast create top of atmosphere reflectance for Landsat 7ETM+ and ASTER. These modules also have a flag for radiance output. Updated i.dn2ref.l7 to read .met calibration file.

:* i.dn2full.l[5,7] is an attempt to get all bands of Landsat[5,7] calibrated and corrected to either reflectance or temperature, reads only the .met file.

:* i.dn2potrad.l[5,7] is an attempt to get ET potential from DN of Landsat 7 (Careful! No Atmospheric correction!).

:* i.biomass creates biomass growth map from fPAR, lightuse efficiency, water availability (or evap.fraction), Lat, doy and tsw.

==== HydroFOSS ====

HydroFOSS - a GIS embedded approach for Free & Open Source Hydrological modeling.

: '''Author:''' Massimiliano Cannata

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/HydroFOSS/

==== hikereport ====

python script that computes length, cumulative uphill and downhill, average slopes on an interactively drawn path. Based on r.profile's output.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Negri

http://tracce.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=71

===General add-ons===

==== g.laptop.sh ====

: [http://www.nature-consult.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset.

: '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

==== Readline completion ====

: '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install.

: '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)

==== g.region.point ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/general/g.region.point g.region.point] is a shell script which resets the computational region to a square box around a given coordinate. It is intended for use within GRASS scripts to speed up processing by limiting expensive raster calculations to a small area of interest.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Imagery add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery

==== i.atcorr ====

Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++.

: '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman. Recently incorporated into main [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/imagery/i.atcorr/ SVN].

==== i.points.reproj ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.points.reproj i.points.reproj] is a shell script that will use cs2cs to reproject the target coordinates of a group's POINTS file. By running i.rectify directly to the new target projection, a generation of resampling data loss can be avoided (versus i.rectify + r.proj). On the other hand, i.rectify does not calculate cell resolution well if the map is to be rotated ([http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=3296 bug #3296]), in those cases i.rectify+r.proj may be the better option.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== i.pr ====

Image classification: implements k-NN (multiclass), classification trees (multiclass), maximum likelihood (multiclass), Support Vector Machines (binary), bagging versions of all the base classifiers, AdaBoost for binary trees and support vector machines. It allows feature manipulation (normalization, principal components,...). It also implements feature selection techniques (RFE, E-RFE,...), statistical tests on variables, tools for resampling (cross-validation and bootstrap) and cost-sensitive techniques for trees and support vector machines.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Merler. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery/i.pr

==== i.warp ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.warp i.warp] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Display add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/display

==== d.edit.rast ====

[http://geni.ath.cx/grass/d.edit.rast d.edit.rast] edits cells in an existing raster map displayed on the current monitor.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== d.frame.quarter ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants (or sixths) using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.frame.split ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.split] is similar as ''d.frame.quarter'', but works for 2,4,6,8,9,12, and 16 subframes and gives an option to spread the frames horizontally or vertically. Replacement for ''d.split'' and ''d.frame.quarter''. Used in GRASS 7 as ''d.split''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.hyperlink ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/d.hyperlink.tar.bz2 d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers.

: '''Author: '''Eric Patton

==== d.mark ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.mark] is a shell script that quickly displays a marker on the display at a given coordinate.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.region.box ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.region.box d.region.box] is a shell script that quickly displays a box around the current region.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.stations ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.varea ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====

* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

==== pd-GRASS ====

[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS

: '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

=== Postscript add-ons ===

See also [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples and templates]].

==== ps.atlas ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====

* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2008-06-28T12:13:15Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* r.out.gmt2 */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons (the original GRASS GIS software can be downloaded [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/index.php here]).

__TOC__

== AddOns source code repository ==

The AddOns source code is hosted in [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/ GRASS-AddOns SVN repository].

To checkout:

svn checkout <nowiki>https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/</nowiki> grass-addons

Please contact the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev grass-dev] mailing list if you would like to host your module there.

== Adding something new ==

Please announce your add-on to the GRASS users' mailing list so that others may be aware of your work.

=== Copyright and licensing information ===

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

=== Coding standards ===

Please have a look at our [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass63/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

There are other coding standards given for modules written in C, Tcl/Tk, and Python''(?)'' located in the GRASS source code.

=== Documenting your code ===

You can have an help page template auto-generated by using the GRASS [[module command line parser | command line parser]] with the <tt>--html-description</tt> command line option. Please, see also the [http://grass.ibiblio.org/grass63/manuals/html63_user/g.parser.html g.parser help page]

== Miscellaneous Add-ons ==

* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/misc/utm_which_zone utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] or Matlab to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.osgeo.org/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

* [http://www.bowdoin.edu/~ltoma/research.html r.terracost] Scalable approach for computing least-cost-path surfaces on massive grid terrains. For GRASS 5.3. '''Lead author''': Laura Toma

==GRASS 6.x==

=== Vector add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector

==== v.append ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables.

: '''Author:''' Michael Barton

==== v.breach ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.breach.zip v.breach] creates vector maps of lines and points of continously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.colors ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.colors v.colors] is a shell script for populating a GRASSRGB column based on a numeric database column and a ''r.colors'' rules file. Works just like ''r.colors'', but for vector maps.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.count.points.sh ====

[http://wiki.iosa.it/dokuwiki/spatial_analysis:feature_count v.count.points.sh] counts point features in areas, generates table good as input to d.vect.chart.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Costa

==== v.digatt ====

[http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot].

: '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

==== v.dip ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.dip.tgz v.dip] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles. The v.dip is the main ANSI C core program. Program so-called v.dip can run without GRASS environment.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.flip ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.flip.zip v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines (redundant since GRASS 6.3 - there is "v.edit tool=flip").

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.group ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== v.in.gama ====

[http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer.

:'''Author:''' Martin Landa

==== v.in.osm ====

[http://kripton.kripserver.net/software/v.in.osm/ v.in.osm]: OpenStreetMap import into GRASS. Yet only supports deprecated API 0.4, will be modified to work with API 0.5 some time soon.

: '''Author:''' Jannis Achstetter

See also [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/gpsdrivefiles#osm osm2grass.sh] by H Bowman

==== v.in.ovl ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.in.ovl/ v.in.ovl] is a shell script that imports an ASCII vector file created with TOP10|25|50 or similar products.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.lda ====

[http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS.

==== v.line.center ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.line.center.zip v.line.center] creates a points vector map with each point located in the middle of the length of the input vector line.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== v.lmeasure ====

[http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin.

: '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

==== v.out.ascii.db ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.ascii.mat ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.out.ascii.mat v.out.ascii.mat] is a shell script for exporting vector polygon and polyline data into an ASCII text file suitable for loading into Matlab (or [http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ Octave]).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.out.gmt ====

[http://geni.ath.cx/grass/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== v.out.kml ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/v.out.kml/ v.out.kml] is a shell script that exports a vector file into a KML file for Google Earth or Worldwind.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== v.out.svg ====

[http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. Now part of [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/vector/v.out.svg/ grass6-svn].

: '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

==== v.random.cover ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.random.cover v.random.cover] is a shell script for creating random points constrained within an irregularly shaped vector area. (v.random places points only in current region rectangle). Optionally the user can upload raster values at the points. See also '<tt>r.random cover= vector_output=</tt>'

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.rasterbounds ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.sample.buffer ====

[http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc.

: '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

==== v.select.region ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/v.select.region.tar.bz2 v.select.region] is a shell script that prints out the names of all vectors matching an input search pattern that has geometry (points, line, areas) that fall within a region bounded by an existing vector map, or within the current Grass region.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== v.surf.icw ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/vector/v.surf.icw v.surf.icw] is an IDW interpolation method using true distance cost instead of euclidean shortest distance, i.e. ''as the fish swims around an island'' not ''as the bird flies''. This will cleanly travel around hard barriers and a cost surface map may be used to model expensive-cross barriers. Input data points do not need direct line of sight to be considered, but should be kept within a few dozen as the module becomes very computationally expensive. A number of radial basis function options are available. ([http://grass.gdf-hannover.de/wiki/Image:Inlets_03_SurfSal_icw_big.png screenshot])

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== v.surf.idwpow ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/v.surf.idwpow.zip v.surf.idwpow] integrates the common v.surf.idw algorithm with the exponential parameter for the distance weights

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== v.surf.krige ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.surf.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method. The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user shown from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. The script can perform also the Leave-One-out cross validation to test the variogram model "fitted by eye" and an automatic fitted variogram model. The cross validation helps the user to choose the best variogram model to interpolate own data.

: '''Author:''' Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== v.strahler ====

[http://www.pois.org/florian/downloads/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network.

: '''Author:''' Florian Kindl. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/vector/v.strahler

==== v.swathwidth ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== v.thickness ====

[http://marcin.slodkowski.googlepages.com/v.thickness.tgz v.thickness] creates points of thickness vectors from the vectors of strike and dip angles.The v.thickness is GUI GRASS script for v.dip.

: '''Author:''' Marcin Slodkowski

==== v.trees3d ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/ v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== v.trimesh ====
[http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/vtrimesh.html v.trimesh] creates a triangular mesh from a vector map using areal constraints for refinement. It uses Jonathan Shewchuk's Triangle library.

: '''Author:''' Jaime Carrera

==== v.variogram ====

[http://www.gfosservices.it/?q=node/61 v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. Now the script is updated to run on spgrass6 >= 0.3 and sp >= 0.9 [http://grass.osgeo.org/pipermail/statsgrass/2006-October/000455.html reply].

: '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa.

==== AniMove ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/animov/ AniMove] is software for analysis of animal movement and ranging behaviour using QGIS+GRASS+R.

:'''Authors:''' Support by Faunalia.it

=== Raster add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster

==== r.bilateral ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.boxcount ====

r.boxcount and r.boxcount.sh calculate the fractal dimension for a given map. These are versions for grass6 of [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnmar/ Mark Lake's modules] for grass43.

: '''Authors:''' Mark Lake, grass6 port: Florian Kindl.

Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount/
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.boxcount.sh/

==== r.colors.stddev ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.colors.stddev] is a GRASS shell script for creating dynamic color rules for raster maps based on univariate statistics.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.cpt2grass ====

[http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/grass_color_maps r.cpt2grass] is a GRASS script for importing a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] .cpt color table into GRASS. It can save to a text file suitable for r.colors or automatically apply the color table to a raster map. For a large collection of GMT .cpt files see http://sview01.wiredworkplace.net/pub/cpt-city/

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.csr ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.csr.tar.bz2 r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.dominant_dir.m and r.calc_terraflow_dir.m ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.terraflow.tools dominant_dir.m and calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.eucdist ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.fragment ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.fragment.tar.bz2 r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells.

: '''Author:''' Eric Patton

==== r.game_of_life ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.game_of_life r.game_of_life] is a shell script which runs Conway's classic Game of Life using GRASS raster modules. It is meant to demonstrate how easy it is to program cellular automata in GRASS as well as various 3D raster volume and time series visualization techniques.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.gauss ====

[http://www.les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language.

:'''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.gradgrid4 ====

[http://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/personal/mergili/gradgrid4.zip gradgrid4] is a tool for interpolating values of discrete data points to a raster map, applying a local regression approach with a predictor raster. The model is based on shell and python scripts as well as an R batchfile. It was tested on Fedora Core 6 with GRASS 6.2.1 and R 2.5.1, but should work under most UNIX systems. After unzipping the gradgrid4 folder, store it at any place in your local file system. In the subfolder docs you can find a manual and a publication draft with a detailed description of the concept and the example of an application. The subfolder testloc constitutes a GRASS location with test data.

: '''Author:''' Martin Mergili

==== r.in.onearth ====

[http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS.

: '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

==== r.in.wms ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.in.wms.tgz r.in.wms] for download and import maps direct from WMS servers into GRASS. This script is written in Python Programming language. Note GRASS 6.2+ provides a shell script version of r.in.wms, take care of which one is actually being run.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.inund.fluv ====

[https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/raster/r.inund.fluv/ r.inund.fluv]This command allows to obtain a fluvial potentially inundation map given a high-resolution DTM of the area surrounding the river and a water surface profile calculated through an 1-D hydrodinamic model.

: '''Authors:''' Roberto Marzocchi, Bianca Federici, Domenico Sguerso

==== r.interp.mask ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.interp.mask r.interp.mask] Creates a user-specified buffer around interpolation points that can be used as a MASK to prevent or clip excessive extrapolation artifacts. This works much better than a standard convex hull around the points.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.li ====

[http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. '''''Moved into 6.3-SVN'''''.

: '''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

==== r.local_max.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.mandelbrot ====

[http://grasslab.gisix.com/scripts/r.mandelbrot r.mandelbrot] is a shell script to calculate the Mandelbrot set.- for GRASS versions 6.X.

: '''Author:''' Peter Löwe

==== r.mlv ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== r.out.jpeg ====

[http://www.geospatial.it/allegri/grass/r.out.jpeg_ r.out.jpeg] is a simple GRASS script to export georeferenced JPEG images from rasters, keeping the associated color table. It is a two-step export: first a ppm file is created, then it is converted to jpeg usgin the "convert" command from ImageMagick

: '''Author:''' Giovanni Allegri

==== r.out.gmt ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview

: '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.out.gmt2 ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.out.gmt2 r.out.gmt2] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

==== r.pack ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/raster/r.pack r.pack and r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== r.roughness ====

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. (for GRASS versions 6.1 and above)

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness60 r.roughness60] - for GRASS versions 6.0.X

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.area r.roughness.window.area] - calculate surface roughness as the ratio of real (surface) area and planar area, using a moving-window approach.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector r.roughness.window.vector] - calculate surface roughness as vector dispersion, using a moving-window approach. Resulting maps are: Vector Strength (R) and Inverted Fisher's k parameter.

[http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness.window.vector.html r.roughness.window.vector.html] - provisional help page for r.roughness.window.vector.

: '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==== r.smoothpatch ====

[http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges.

: '''Author:''' David Finlayson

==== r.soils.texture ====

[http://geonomica.googlepages.com/r.soils.texture.zip r.soils.texture] is a module to define soils texture from sand and clay raster file with a schema text file (now only USDA schema). It is written in C language. - for GRASS versions 6.X - For bugs and suggest: g_massa@libero.it

:'''Author:''' Gianluca Massei

==== r.surf.nnbathy ====

[http://kufaya.googlepages.com/r.surf.nnbathy.zip r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates a surface from a raster input using the [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor interpolation library. Provides triangulation, Sibson natural neighbor interpolation and non-Sibsonian interpolation.

: '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

==== r.tileset ====

[http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>.

: '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

==== r.traveltime ====

[http://jesbergwetter.twoday.net/stories/4845555/ r.traveltime] computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet. The program starts at the basin outlet and calculates the travel time at each raster cell recursively. A drainage area related threhold considers even surface and also channel runoff. Travel times are derived by assuming kinematic wave approximation. The results can be used to derive a time-area function. This might be usefull for precipitation-runoff calculations (estimation of flood predictions) with a lumped hydrologic model (user-specified unit hydrograph).

: '''Author:''' Kristian Förster

==== r.zc.pl ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== GIPE ====

The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models.

: '''Author:''' Yann Chemin (unless specified otherwise).

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/gipe</tt>

:* r.hydro.CASC2D, ported from GRASS 5.x version, is temporarily here waiting to return to main GRASS.

:* r.soiltex2prop creates porosity, Saturated Hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and wetting front pressure head (Hf) from percentage of sand and clay after Rawls et al., 1990. This is a must for r.hydro.CASC2D.

:* r.usler creates USLE R factor (Rainfall erosivity) from annual precipitations. It has 4 methods, Morgan, Roose, Foster and El-Swaify to choose from. '''Authors:''' Natalia Medvedeva and Yann Chemin

:* r.uslek creates USLE K factor (soil erodibility) from sand, clay, silt fractions and organic matter fraction. Based on USDA 1951 (p209) quoted in FAO World Soil CD, and from some generic [soil class+OM] to K conversion table.

:* i.albedo creates Albedo. Albedo is the shortwave surface reflectance in the range of 0.3-3 micro-meters. This module takes Modis, Aster, Landsat or AVHRR individual surface reflectance bands to calculate Albedo. This module is a precursor to r.sun or any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.eb.* are a set of 10+ GRASS modules that together perform the main functions of the SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). Those functions include (but are not limited to) Soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, net radiation, evaporative fraction at satellite overpass, diurnal actual evapotranspiration, momentum roughness length, etc. These modules are also part of any Energy-Balance related processing.

:* i.evapo.potrad creates diurnal Potential evapotranspiration assuming all net radiation becomes ET, according to SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). This module also has a flag for diurnal net radiation as required by SEBAL in i.eb.eta.

:* i.vi creates a given Vegetation index from a list of 13 of them, most of them only requiring Red and NIR. Updated to accept all types of input data. '''Authors:''' Baburao Kamble and Yann Chemin

:* i.vi.mpi is the mpi verion for cluster GRASS GIS education (no speed up here!) '''Author:''' Shamim Akhter

:* i.dn2ref.l7, r.dn2ref.ast create top of atmosphere reflectance for Landsat 7ETM+ and ASTER. These modules also have a flag for radiance output. Updated i.dn2ref.l7 to read .met calibration file.

:* i.dn2full.l[5,7] is an attempt to get all bands of Landsat[5,7] calibrated and corrected to either reflectance or temperature, reads only the .met file.

:* i.dn2potrad.l[5,7] is an attempt to get ET potential from DN of Landsat 7 (Careful! No Atmospheric correction!).

:* i.biomass creates biomass growth map from fPAR, lightuse efficiency, water availability (or evap.fraction), Lat, doy and tsw.

==== HydroFOSS ====

HydroFOSS - a GIS embedded approach for Free & Open Source Hydrological modeling.

: '''Author:''' Massimiliano Cannata

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/HydroFOSS/

==== hikereport ====

python script that computes length, cumulative uphill and downhill, average slopes on an interactively drawn path. Based on r.profile's output.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Negri

http://tracce.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=71

===General add-ons===

==== g.laptop.sh ====

: [http://www.nature-consult.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset.

: '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

==== Readline completion ====

: '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install.

: '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)

==== g.region.point ====

: [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/general/g.region.point g.region.point] is a shell script which resets the computational region to a square box around a given coordinate. It is intended for use within GRASS scripts to speed up processing by limiting expensive raster calculations to a small area of interest.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Imagery add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery

==== i.atcorr ====

Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++.

: '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman. Recently incorporated into main [http://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk/imagery/i.atcorr/ SVN].

==== i.points.reproj ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.points.reproj i.points.reproj] is a shell script that will use cs2cs to reproject the target coordinates of a group's POINTS file. By running i.rectify directly to the new target projection, a generation of resampling data loss can be avoided (versus i.rectify + r.proj). On the other hand, i.rectify does not calculate cell resolution well if the map is to be rotated ([http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=3296 bug #3296]), in those cases i.rectify+r.proj may be the better option.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== i.pr ====

Image classification: implements k-NN (multiclass), classification trees (multiclass), maximum likelihood (multiclass), Support Vector Machines (binary), bagging versions of all the base classifiers, AdaBoost for binary trees and support vector machines. It allows feature manipulation (normalization, principal components,...). It also implements feature selection techniques (RFE, E-RFE,...), statistical tests on variables, tools for resampling (cross-validation and bootstrap) and cost-sensitive techniques for trees and support vector machines.

: '''Author:''' Stefano Merler. Available via SVN:

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/imagery/i.pr

==== i.warp ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/imagery/i.warp i.warp] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

=== Display add-ons ===

See also

svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass-addons/display

==== d.edit.rast ====

[http://geni.ath.cx/grass/d.edit.rast d.edit.rast] edits cells in an existing raster map displayed on the current monitor.

: '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

==== d.frame.quarter ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants (or sixths) using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.frame.split ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.frame.split d.frame.split] is similar as ''d.frame.quarter'', but works for 2,4,6,8,9,12, and 16 subframes and gives an option to spread the frames horizontally or vertically. Replacement for ''d.split'' and ''d.frame.quarter''. Used in GRASS 7 as ''d.split''.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.hyperlink ====

[ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/d.hyperlink.tar.bz2 d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers.

: '''Author: '''Eric Patton

==== d.mark ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.mark] is a shell script that quickly displays a marker on the display at a given coordinate.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.region.box ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.region.box d.region.box] is a shell script that quickly displays a box around the current region.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.stations ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below).

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== d.varea ====

[http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/display/d.shortcuts d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas.

: '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====

* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

==== pd-GRASS ====

[http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS

: '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

=== Postscript add-ons ===

See also [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples and templates]].

==== ps.atlas ====

[http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files.

: '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====

* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Installation Guide

2008-04-18T08:53:00Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Slackware */

== General ==
:''For compilation of GRASS source code, see [[Compile and Install]]''
This page explains the installation of GRASS binaries.

GRASS requires a workstation running some flavor of UNIX conforming to POSIX standards like Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, IRIX, or BSD. It is also possible to run GRASS in MS Windows by using UNIX translation software such as Cygwin or MinGW. Ideally, you should have at least 500 Mb for data and 128 Mb RAM. The source code package needs around 30 MB uncompressed. The resulting binaries may need between 20 MB and 180 MB depending on your platform. During a full compilation you may need temporarily up to 150MB including the source code.

The [http://grass.itc.it/download/index.php Software Download Section] of the main GRASS web site contains the latest binaries and source code for all supported platforms. That site also has general directions for installing GRASS manually. However, installation is slightly different on each operating system. Here you can find user-contributed pointers for installing GRASS on specific platforms. In particular, many operating systems have package management utilities that can greatly simplify GRASS installation.

== GNU/Linux ==

=== Debian ===

A binary version of GRASS is available from the apt repository. As root type:

apt-get install grass grass-doc

This is the easiest way to install GRASS on Debian. If you choose to install a binary version manually from the main web site, be sure to follow the instructions for making symlinks found as a note to the [[http://grass.itc.it/grass63/binary/linux/snapshot/ 6.3 weekly snapshot]] release.

==== DebianGis ====

There is also the wonderful [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl DebianGIS] project which has a more recent GRASS version with its related packages. Read here for more [[Grass in Debian |details]]

To install from there follow the [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl/DebianGisRepository instructions] there

==== Compiling GRASS from source on Debian ====
Packages needed for (nearly) complete GRASS installation from source code:
flex, bison, libreadline4-dev || libreadline5-dev, libncurses5-dev, lesstif2-dev, debhelper (>= 4.0.2), dpatch, libtiff4-dev,
tcl8.4-dev, tk8.4-dev, fftw-dev, xlibmesa-gl-dev, libfreetype6-dev, autoconf2.13, autotools-dev, libgdal1-1.3.1-dev,
proj (>= 4.4.7), libjpeg62-dev, libpng12-dev, postgresql-dev, unixodbc-dev, doxygen, fakeroot

==== Compile GRASS and package it (debian/testing) ====

grass6$ fakeroot debian/rules binary

=== Fedora ===

[http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/misc/freegis/intevation/freegis/fedora/ Intevation] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on Fedora systems. Some more recent RPMs are on the [http://grass.itc.it/grass62/binary/linux/ GRASS Site].

=== Mandriva ===

* Mandriva itself provides PROJ/GDAL/GRASS RPMs. For older versions they are in the "backports" section.
* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/software GDF Hannover] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on Mandriva systems.

=== SuSE ===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/software GDF Hannover] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on SUSE-systems.
* [http://www.nature-consult.de/software/suse/ nature-consult] provides GRASS and related RPM-packages for OpenSuSE.

=== Ubuntu ===

GRASS Binaries are available from apt/synaptic. From a terminal type:

sudo apt-get install grass grass-doc

or alternatively, search for and install these packages from Synaptic. This is the easy way to get GRASS on your system. Even if you choose to install binaries from another source, you may want to install this version just so that all (most) dependencies are installed as painlessly as possible.

To get the latest version of GRASS on Ubuntu, compile the code from source. See the [[Compile and Install]] section for a shell script that makes this easy.

=== Slackware ===

Slackware 12 packages for GRASS binary distributions and additional libraries are available from [http://repository.slacky.eu/slackware-12.0/scientific/grass The Italian Slackware Community] (release version) and [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here] (SVN version).

== Mac OS X ==

Precompiled Mac OSX packages can be found [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/unixport here] and [http://wwwamb.bologna.enea.it/forgrass/download.htm here].

== MS-Windows ==

* Precompiled native winGRASS packages are provided [http://moritz.homelinux.org/grass/wingrass/ here] (no Cygwin needed). See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]].

* Precompiled (older) winGRASS/Cygwin 6.1 packages are provided [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here] (requires Cygwin unix emulator, see there).

* Precompiled native winGRASS packages with QGIS integrated are provided [http://gisalaska.com/torrents/ here] (no Cygwin needed).

[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Installation Guide

2008-04-18T05:27:55Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Slackware */

== General ==
:''For compilation of GRASS source code, see [[Compile and Install]]''
This page explains the installation of GRASS binaries.

GRASS requires a workstation running some flavor of UNIX conforming to POSIX standards like Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, IRIX, or BSD. It is also possible to run GRASS in MS Windows by using UNIX translation software such as Cygwin or MinGW. Ideally, you should have at least 500 Mb for data and 128 Mb RAM. The source code package needs around 30 MB uncompressed. The resulting binaries may need between 20 MB and 180 MB depending on your platform. During a full compilation you may need temporarily up to 150MB including the source code.

The [http://grass.itc.it/download/index.php Software Download Section] of the main GRASS web site contains the latest binaries and source code for all supported platforms. That site also has general directions for installing GRASS manually. However, installation is slightly different on each operating system. Here you can find user-contributed pointers for installing GRASS on specific platforms. In particular, many operating systems have package management utilities that can greatly simplify GRASS installation.

== GNU/Linux ==

=== Debian ===

A binary version of GRASS is available from the apt repository. As root type:

apt-get install grass grass-doc

This is the easiest way to install GRASS on Debian. If you choose to install a binary version manually from the main web site, be sure to follow the instructions for making symlinks found as a note to the [[http://grass.itc.it/grass63/binary/linux/snapshot/ 6.3 weekly snapshot]] release.

==== DebianGis ====

There is also the wonderful [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl DebianGIS] project which has a more recent GRASS version with its related packages. Read here for more [[Grass in Debian |details]]

To install from there follow the [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl/DebianGisRepository instructions] there

==== Compiling GRASS from source on Debian ====
Packages needed for (nearly) complete GRASS installation from source code:
flex, bison, libreadline4-dev || libreadline5-dev, libncurses5-dev, lesstif2-dev, debhelper (>= 4.0.2), dpatch, libtiff4-dev,
tcl8.4-dev, tk8.4-dev, fftw-dev, xlibmesa-gl-dev, libfreetype6-dev, autoconf2.13, autotools-dev, libgdal1-1.3.1-dev,
proj (>= 4.4.7), libjpeg62-dev, libpng12-dev, postgresql-dev, unixodbc-dev, doxygen, fakeroot

==== Compile GRASS and package it (debian/testing) ====

grass6$ fakeroot debian/rules binary

=== Fedora ===

[http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/misc/freegis/intevation/freegis/fedora/ Intevation] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on Fedora systems. Some more recent RPMs are on the [http://grass.itc.it/grass62/binary/linux/ GRASS Site].

=== Mandriva ===

* Mandriva itself provides PROJ/GDAL/GRASS RPMs. For older versions they are in the "backports" section.
* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/software GDF Hannover] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on Mandriva systems.

=== SuSE ===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/software GDF Hannover] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on SUSE-systems.
* [http://www.nature-consult.de/software/suse/ nature-consult] provides GRASS and related RPM-packages for OpenSuSE.

=== Ubuntu ===

GRASS Binaries are available from apt/synaptic. From a terminal type:

sudo apt-get install grass grass-doc

or alternatively, search for and install these packages from Synaptic. This is the easy way to get GRASS on your system. Even if you choose to install binaries from another source, you may want to install this version just so that all (most) dependencies are installed as painlessly as possible.

To get the latest version of GRASS on Ubuntu, compile the code from source. See the [[Compile and Install]] section for a shell script that makes this easy.

=== Slackware ===

Slackware 12 packages for GRASS binary distributions and additional libraries are available from [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here].

== Mac OS X ==

Precompiled Mac OSX packages can be found [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/unixport here] and [http://wwwamb.bologna.enea.it/forgrass/download.htm here].

== MS-Windows ==

* Precompiled native winGRASS packages are provided [http://moritz.homelinux.org/grass/wingrass/ here] (no Cygwin needed). See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]].

* Precompiled (older) winGRASS/Cygwin 6.1 packages are provided [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here] (requires Cygwin unix emulator, see there).

* Precompiled native winGRASS packages with QGIS integrated are provided [http://gisalaska.com/torrents/ here] (no Cygwin needed).

[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Installation Guide

2008-04-18T05:25:39Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Slackware */

== General ==
:''For compilation of GRASS source code, see [[Compile and Install]]''
This page explains the installation of GRASS binaries.

GRASS requires a workstation running some flavor of UNIX conforming to POSIX standards like Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, IRIX, or BSD. It is also possible to run GRASS in MS Windows by using UNIX translation software such as Cygwin or MinGW. Ideally, you should have at least 500 Mb for data and 128 Mb RAM. The source code package needs around 30 MB uncompressed. The resulting binaries may need between 20 MB and 180 MB depending on your platform. During a full compilation you may need temporarily up to 150MB including the source code.

The [http://grass.itc.it/download/index.php Software Download Section] of the main GRASS web site contains the latest binaries and source code for all supported platforms. That site also has general directions for installing GRASS manually. However, installation is slightly different on each operating system. Here you can find user-contributed pointers for installing GRASS on specific platforms. In particular, many operating systems have package management utilities that can greatly simplify GRASS installation.

== GNU/Linux ==

=== Debian ===

A binary version of GRASS is available from the apt repository. As root type:

apt-get install grass grass-doc

This is the easiest way to install GRASS on Debian. If you choose to install a binary version manually from the main web site, be sure to follow the instructions for making symlinks found as a note to the [[http://grass.itc.it/grass63/binary/linux/snapshot/ 6.3 weekly snapshot]] release.

==== DebianGis ====

There is also the wonderful [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl DebianGIS] project which has a more recent GRASS version with its related packages. Read here for more [[Grass in Debian |details]]

To install from there follow the [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl/DebianGisRepository instructions] there

==== Compiling GRASS from source on Debian ====
Packages needed for (nearly) complete GRASS installation from source code:
flex, bison, libreadline4-dev || libreadline5-dev, libncurses5-dev, lesstif2-dev, debhelper (>= 4.0.2), dpatch, libtiff4-dev,
tcl8.4-dev, tk8.4-dev, fftw-dev, xlibmesa-gl-dev, libfreetype6-dev, autoconf2.13, autotools-dev, libgdal1-1.3.1-dev,
proj (>= 4.4.7), libjpeg62-dev, libpng12-dev, postgresql-dev, unixodbc-dev, doxygen, fakeroot

==== Compile GRASS and package it (debian/testing) ====

grass6$ fakeroot debian/rules binary

=== Fedora ===

[http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/misc/freegis/intevation/freegis/fedora/ Intevation] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on Fedora systems. Some more recent RPMs are on the [http://grass.itc.it/grass62/binary/linux/ GRASS Site].

=== Mandriva ===

* Mandriva itself provides PROJ/GDAL/GRASS RPMs. For older versions they are in the "backports" section.
* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/software GDF Hannover] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on Mandriva systems.

=== SuSE ===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/software GDF Hannover] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on SUSE-systems.
* [http://www.nature-consult.de/software/suse/ nature-consult] provides GRASS and related RPM-packages for OpenSuSE.

=== Ubuntu ===

GRASS Binaries are available from apt/synaptic. From a terminal type:

sudo apt-get install grass grass-doc

or alternatively, search for and install these packages from Synaptic. This is the easy way to get GRASS on your system. Even if you choose to install binaries from another source, you may want to install this version just so that all (most) dependencies are installed as painlessly as possible.

To get the latest version of GRASS on Ubuntu, compile the code from source. See the [[Compile and Install]] section for a shell script that makes this easy.

=== Slackware ===

Slackware 12 packages for GRASS binary distributions and additional libraries are available from [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html Huidae Cho's private site].

== Mac OS X ==

Precompiled Mac OSX packages can be found [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/unixport here] and [http://wwwamb.bologna.enea.it/forgrass/download.htm here].

== MS-Windows ==

* Precompiled native winGRASS packages are provided [http://moritz.homelinux.org/grass/wingrass/ here] (no Cygwin needed). See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]].

* Precompiled (older) winGRASS/Cygwin 6.1 packages are provided [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here] (requires Cygwin unix emulator, see there).

* Precompiled native winGRASS packages with QGIS integrated are provided [http://gisalaska.com/torrents/ here] (no Cygwin needed).

[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

User:HuidaeCho

2008-04-18T05:23:53Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Created

His private site is http://geni.ath.cx.

Installation Guide

2008-04-18T05:22:25Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Link to Slackware packages

== General ==
:''For compilation of GRASS source code, see [[Compile and Install]]''
This page explains the installation of GRASS binaries.

GRASS requires a workstation running some flavor of UNIX conforming to POSIX standards like Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, IRIX, or BSD. It is also possible to run GRASS in MS Windows by using UNIX translation software such as Cygwin or MinGW. Ideally, you should have at least 500 Mb for data and 128 Mb RAM. The source code package needs around 30 MB uncompressed. The resulting binaries may need between 20 MB and 180 MB depending on your platform. During a full compilation you may need temporarily up to 150MB including the source code.

The [http://grass.itc.it/download/index.php Software Download Section] of the main GRASS web site contains the latest binaries and source code for all supported platforms. That site also has general directions for installing GRASS manually. However, installation is slightly different on each operating system. Here you can find user-contributed pointers for installing GRASS on specific platforms. In particular, many operating systems have package management utilities that can greatly simplify GRASS installation.

== GNU/Linux ==

=== Debian ===

A binary version of GRASS is available from the apt repository. As root type:

apt-get install grass grass-doc

This is the easiest way to install GRASS on Debian. If you choose to install a binary version manually from the main web site, be sure to follow the instructions for making symlinks found as a note to the [[http://grass.itc.it/grass63/binary/linux/snapshot/ 6.3 weekly snapshot]] release.

==== DebianGis ====

There is also the wonderful [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl DebianGIS] project which has a more recent GRASS version with its related packages. Read here for more [[Grass in Debian |details]]

To install from there follow the [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl/DebianGisRepository instructions] there

==== Compiling GRASS from source on Debian ====
Packages needed for (nearly) complete GRASS installation from source code:
flex, bison, libreadline4-dev || libreadline5-dev, libncurses5-dev, lesstif2-dev, debhelper (>= 4.0.2), dpatch, libtiff4-dev,
tcl8.4-dev, tk8.4-dev, fftw-dev, xlibmesa-gl-dev, libfreetype6-dev, autoconf2.13, autotools-dev, libgdal1-1.3.1-dev,
proj (>= 4.4.7), libjpeg62-dev, libpng12-dev, postgresql-dev, unixodbc-dev, doxygen, fakeroot

==== Compile GRASS and package it (debian/testing) ====

grass6$ fakeroot debian/rules binary

=== Fedora ===

[http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/misc/freegis/intevation/freegis/fedora/ Intevation] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on Fedora systems. Some more recent RPMs are on the [http://grass.itc.it/grass62/binary/linux/ GRASS Site].

=== Mandriva ===

* Mandriva itself provides PROJ/GDAL/GRASS RPMs. For older versions they are in the "backports" section.
* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/software GDF Hannover] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on Mandriva systems.

=== SuSE ===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/software GDF Hannover] provides RPM-packages for stable releases prepared to install on SUSE-systems.
* [http://www.nature-consult.de/software/suse/ nature-consult] provides GRASS and related RPM-packages for OpenSuSE.

=== Ubuntu ===

GRASS Binaries are available from apt/synaptic. From a terminal type:

sudo apt-get install grass grass-doc

or alternatively, search for and install these packages from Synaptic. This is the easy way to get GRASS on your system. Even if you choose to install binaries from another source, you may want to install this version just so that all (most) dependencies are installed as painlessly as possible.

To get the latest version of GRASS on Ubuntu, compile the code from source. See the [[Compile and Install]] section for a shell script that makes this easy.

=== Slackware ===

Slackware packages for GRASS binary distributions and additional libraries are available from [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html Huidae Cho's private site].

== Mac OS X ==

Precompiled Mac OSX packages can be found [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/unixport here] and [http://wwwamb.bologna.enea.it/forgrass/download.htm here].

== MS-Windows ==

* Precompiled native winGRASS packages are provided [http://moritz.homelinux.org/grass/wingrass/ here] (no Cygwin needed). See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]].

* Precompiled (older) winGRASS/Cygwin 6.1 packages are provided [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here] (requires Cygwin unix emulator, see there).

* Precompiled native winGRASS packages with QGIS integrated are provided [http://gisalaska.com/torrents/ here] (no Cygwin needed).

[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2007-05-14T22:23:40Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: Added d.edit.rast

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons (the original GRASS GIS software can be downloaded [http://grass.itc.it/download/index.php here]).

__TOC__

== AddOns source code repository ==

The source code for a number of AddOns is hosted in a [https://grasssvn.itc.it/grasssvn/grassaddons/trunk/grassaddons/ SVN repository at ITC-irst].

==Copyright and licensing information==

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

==Shell script coding standards==

Please have a look at our [http://grass.itc.it/grass63/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

==Miscellaneous Add-ons==

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/utm_which_zone.sh utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

==GRASS 6.x==

===Vector add-ons===

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://www.pois.org/florian/downloads/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network. '''Author:''' Florian Kindl. Available via SVN:
: <tt>svn co https://grasssvn.itc.it/svn/grassaddons/trunk/grassaddons/v.strahler</tt>

* [http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. Now part of grass63-cvs. '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/ v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc. '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/grass_kriging.tar.gz v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. Now the script is updated to run on spgrass6 >= 0.3 and sp >= 0.9 [http://grass.itc.it/pipermail/statsgrass/2006-October/000455.html reply]. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa.

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/grass_kriging.tar.gz v.surf.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method. The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user shown from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. The script can perform also the Leave-One-out cross validation to test the variogram model "fitted by eye" and an automatic fitted variogram model. The cross validation helps the user to choose the best variogram model to interpolate own data. '''Author:''' Pierluigi De Rosa.

* [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin. '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.flip.zip v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot]. '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

* [http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer. '''Author:''' Martin Landa

* [http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.breach.zip v.breach] creates vector maps of lines and points of continously lowering elevation down the input watercourses, based on the input raster DEM. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* [http://kufaya.googlepages.com/v.line.center.zip v.line.center] creates a points vector map with each point located in the middle of the length of one input vector line. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

===Raster add-ons===

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. (for GRASS versions 6.1 and above)
* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness60 r.roughness60] - for GRASS versions 6.0.X '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

* [http://www.les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
zc.pl -i input -o output |r.mapcalc

* [http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
local_maxima.pl -i input -o output -s matrix_size|r.mapcalc

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT]] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/r.out.gmt yet another r.out.gmt] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman, Huidae Cho, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.pack r.pack] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.unpack r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/dominant_dir.m dominant_dir.m] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/calc_terraflow_dir.m calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS. '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

* [http://les-ejk.cz/files/programs/grass/r.in.wms.tgz r.in.wms] for download and import maps direct from WMS servers into GRASS. This script is written in Python Programming language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.csr.tar.bz2 r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given. '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/r.fragment.tar.bz2 r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells. '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. '''''Moved into 6.3-CVS'''''. '''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

* [http://kufaya.googlepages.com/r.surf.nnbathy.zip r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates a surface from a raster input using the [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor interpolation library. Provides triangulation, Sibson natural neighbor interpolation and non-Sibsonian interpolation. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* The GRASS Image Processing Environment (GIPE) has USLE, Energy-balance and radiance-reflectance correction models. '''Author:''' Yann Chemin (unless specified otherwise). It is available by anonymous reading through this command (thanks Markus!): 
svn co https://grasssvn.itc.it/svn/grassaddons/trunk/grassaddons grassaddons/gipe
 
- r.usler creates USLE R factor (Rainfall erosivity) from annual precipitations.
It has 4 methods, Morgan, Roose, Foster and El-Swaify to choose from.
'''Authors:''' Natalia Medvedeva and Yann Chemin 
- r.uslek creates USLE K factor (soil erodibility) from sand, clay, silt fractions
and organic matter fraction. Based on USDA 1951 (p209) quoted in FAO World Soil CD,
and from some generic [soil class+OM] to K conversion table. 
- r.albedo creates Albedo. Albedo is the shortwave surface reflectance in the range
of 0.3-3 micro-meters. This module takes Modis, Aster, Landsat or AVHRR individual
surface reflectance bands to calculate Albedo. This module is a precursor to r.sun
or any Energy-Balance related processing. 
- r.eb.* are a set of 10+ GRASS modules that together perform the main functions of
the SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). Those functions include (but are not limited to)
Soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, net radiation, evaporative fraction at satellite
overpass, diurnal actual evapotranspiration, momentum roughness length, etc. These
modules are also part of any Energy-Balance related processing. 
- r.evapo.potrad creates diurnal Potential evapotranspiration assuming all net radiation
becomes ET, according to SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1995). This module also has a flag for
diurnal net radiation as required by SEBAL in r.eb.eta. 
- r.vi creates a given Vegetation index from a list of 13 of them, most of them only
requiring Red and NIR. Updated to accept all types of input data.
'''Authors:''' Baburao Kamble and Yann Chemin 
- r.vi.mpi is the mpi verion for cluster GRASS GIS education (no speed up here!).
'''Author:''' Shamim Akhter 
- r.dn2ref.l7, r.dn2ref.ast create top of atmosphere reflectance for Landsat 7ETM+ and
ASTER. These modules also have a flag for radiance output. Updated r.dn2ref.l7 to read .met
calibration file. 
- r.dn2full.l7 is an attempt to get all bands of Landsat7 calibrated and corrected to
either reflectance or temperature, reads only the .met file. 
- r.dn2potrad.l7] is an attempt to get ET potential from DN of Landsat 7 (Careful! No
Atmospheric correction!). 
- r.biomass creates biomass growth map from fPAR, lightuse efficiency, water availability
(or evap.fraction), Lat, doy and tsw.

* r.boxcount and r.boxcount.sh calculate the fractal dimension for a given map. These are versions for grass6 of [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnmar/ Mark Lake's modules] for grass43. '''Authors:''' Mark Lake, grass6 port: Florian Kindl. Available via SVN: svn co https://grasssvn.itc.it/svn/grassaddons/trunk/grassaddons

===General add-ons===

* [http://www.nature-consult.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset. '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

* '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install. '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)
 

=== Imagery add-ons ===

* i.atcorr: Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++. Available in SVN: 
svn co https://grasssvn.itc.it/svn/grassaddons/trunk/grassaddons grassaddons/gipe
 '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/gdal/i.warp61 i.warp61] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman
 

=== Display add-ons ===

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====
* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

==== Modules ====

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.frame.quarter d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/Scripts/d.hyperlink.tar.bz2 d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers. '''Author: '''Eric Patton

* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.region.box d.region.box] is a shell script that quickly displays a box around the current region. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.stations d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below). '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.mark d.mark] is a shell script that quickly displays a marker on the display at a given coordinate. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.varea d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/d.edit.rast d.edit.rast] edits cells in an existing raster map displayed on the current monitor. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

===Postscript add-ons===

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples/templates]]

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====
* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

WinGRASS 6 Current Status

2006-10-09T15:25:57Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Known problems */

__TOC__

This page describes the current status of winGRASS development. Precompiled native winGRASS packages are available [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here].

== What is missing? ==

* Display drivers: socket
** Use gis.m instead of monitors.
** Make gis.m Output window more like xterm. No need to hit Run.
** Is there any way that the Map Display in gis.m can interact with console commands? IPC? File Alteration Monitor?
* i.class: SIGALRM, SIGTSTP (are these signals important?)
* wait() in:
** i.ortho.photo/photo.2image: wait()
** i.ortho.photo/photo.2target: wait()
** i.points: wait()
** i.vpoints: wait()
** Note: also in lib/gis/popen.c and lib/gis/system.c (use those implementations?)
* r.terraflow: getrusage()

== Known problems ==

* metacharacter escape in "sh -c '$cmd'"
* modules not working: r.proj (v.proj too?), r.surf.rst, v.neighbors, v.kernel, r.cost
* Cannot open Help pages.
* Have to add c:\mingw\bin to PATH on some systems.
** You should have typed c:/mingw instead of c:\mingw when asked by the MinGW installer.
* Have to type "exit" in the console to save ~/.grassrc file. Then, close gis.m to finish the session.

The following items cannot be fixed in the near future:
* Cannot display a thematic layer.
** d.vect.thematic requires PNG driver, which is not available in winGRASS.
** can't read "_data(.gronsole.gronsole,4,donecmd)": no such element in array error
** Aqua TclTk solution: http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=5096&display=History

== TclTk issues ==

* cannot run shell scripts: only .com, .exe, .bat
** sh -c '$cmd'
* var=val style argument is not valid for batch files: equal sign is a separator like a space. http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=71247 http://www.gatago.com/alt/msdos/batch/17358926.html
** need .exe wrapper for shell scripts? grass-xterm-wrapper.exe
* file command returns bad code (catch is needed): http://sources.redhat.com/ml/insight/2003-q1/msg00079.html
** catch {file copy}
** catch {file delete}
** catch {file rename -force} does not work. Delete old file first: catch {file delete}; catch {file rename}
* file redirection (>@stdout, 2>@stderr) does not work: http://wiki.tcl.tk/672
** exec a batch file doing redirection (>&2, 2>&1)
* no -permissions file attributes
** catch {file attributes -permissions}

== Other libraries ==

GDAL
* lib/gis/OBJ.*/fmode.o is needed for any GRASS related modules.
* modified ltmain.sh to install binary files from wrapper scripts.

AddOns

2006-09-22T04:03:37Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: r.out.gmt, v.out.gmt

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons

__TOC__

==Copyright and licensing information==

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

==Shell script coding standards==

Please have a look at our [http://grass.itc.it/grass61/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

==Miscellaneous Add-ons==

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/utm_which_zone.sh utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

==GRASS 6.x==

===Vector add-ons===

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://geo4.uibk.ac.at/tilde/kindl/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network. '''Author:''' Florian Kindl

* [http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/trees.html v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.rasterbounds v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.3Dtin v.3Dtin] is a shell script for making 3D-vector of the 2D ouput from ''v.delauny''. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc. '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.variogram.tar.gz v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.krige.tar.gz v.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method.The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user desumed from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin. '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/v.flip.tar.gz v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot]. '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

* [http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer. '''Author:''' Martin Landa

===Raster add-ons===

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
zc.pl -i input -o output |r.mapcalc

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
local_maxima.pl -i input -o output -s matrix_size|r.mapcalc

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT]] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/r.out.gmt yet another r.out.gmt] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman, Huidae Cho, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.pack r.pack] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.unpack r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/dominant_dir.m dominant_dir.m] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/calc_terraflow_dir.m calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS. '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.csr.tar.gz r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.fragment.tar.gz r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is meant to be a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. Currently under development (help welcome). 
[http://www.faunalia.com/mediawiki/index.php/R_li Wiki page] 
[http://www.faunalia.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/r.li Mailing list] 
'''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/r.surf.nnbathy.tar.gz r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates surface from rasterized input using [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor intepolation library. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

 

===General add-ons===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset. '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

* '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install. '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)
 
=== Imagery add-ons ===

* [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/i.atcorr.1.3.1a.tar.gz i.atcorr] Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++. The Old Page was rescued by Christo recently and copied [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/ here]. Compiled in CVS but not tested. Update: The source code is not yet functional in GRASS CVS, Adaptation is going-on. '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/gdal/i.warp61 i.warp61] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman
 
=== Display add-ons ===

* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====
* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.frame.quarter d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/d.hyperlink.tar.gz d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author: '''Eric Patton

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.stations d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below). '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.varea d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

===Postscript add-ons===

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples/templates]]

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====
* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2006-09-22T04:00:52Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Raster add-ons */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons

__TOC__

==Copyright and licensing information==

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

==Shell script coding standards==

Please have a look at our [http://grass.itc.it/grass61/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

==Miscellaneous Add-ons==

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/utm_which_zone.sh utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

==GRASS 6.x==

===Vector add-ons===

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

* [http://geo4.uibk.ac.at/tilde/kindl/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network. '''Author:''' Florian Kindl

* [http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/trees.html v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.rasterbounds v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.3Dtin v.3Dtin] is a shell script for making 3D-vector of the 2D ouput from ''v.delauny''. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc. '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.variogram.tar.gz v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.krige.tar.gz v.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method.The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user desumed from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin. '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/v.flip.tar.gz v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot]. '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

* [http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer. '''Author:''' Martin Landa

===Raster add-ons===

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
zc.pl -i input -o output |r.mapcalc

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
local_maxima.pl -i input -o output -s matrix_size|r.mapcalc

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT]] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/r.out.gmt yet another r.out.gmt] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho, Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.pack r.pack] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.unpack r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/dominant_dir.m dominant_dir.m] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/calc_terraflow_dir.m calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS. '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.csr.tar.gz r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.fragment.tar.gz r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is meant to be a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. Currently under development (help welcome). 
[http://www.faunalia.com/mediawiki/index.php/R_li Wiki page] 
[http://www.faunalia.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/r.li Mailing list] 
'''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/r.surf.nnbathy.tar.gz r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates surface from rasterized input using [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor intepolation library. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

 

===General add-ons===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset. '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

* '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install. '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)
 
=== Imagery add-ons ===

* [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/i.atcorr.1.3.1a.tar.gz i.atcorr] Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++. The Old Page was rescued by Christo recently and copied [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/ here]. Compiled in CVS but not tested. Update: The source code is not yet functional in GRASS CVS, Adaptation is going-on. '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/gdal/i.warp61 i.warp61] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman
 
=== Display add-ons ===

* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====
* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.frame.quarter d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/d.hyperlink.tar.gz d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author: '''Eric Patton

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.stations d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below). '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.varea d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

===Postscript add-ons===

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples/templates]]

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====
* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2006-09-22T04:00:06Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Raster add-ons */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons

__TOC__

==Copyright and licensing information==

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

==Shell script coding standards==

Please have a look at our [http://grass.itc.it/grass61/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

==Miscellaneous Add-ons==

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/utm_which_zone.sh utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

==GRASS 6.x==

===Vector add-ons===

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

* [http://geo4.uibk.ac.at/tilde/kindl/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network. '''Author:''' Florian Kindl

* [http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/trees.html v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.rasterbounds v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.3Dtin v.3Dtin] is a shell script for making 3D-vector of the 2D ouput from ''v.delauny''. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc. '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.variogram.tar.gz v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.krige.tar.gz v.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method.The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user desumed from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin. '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/v.flip.tar.gz v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot]. '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

* [http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer. '''Author:''' Martin Landa

===Raster add-ons===

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
zc.pl -i input -o output |r.mapcalc

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
local_maxima.pl -i input -o output -s matrix_size|r.mapcalc

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT]] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/r.out.gmt yet another r.out.gmt] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.pack r.pack] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.unpack r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/dominant_dir.m dominant_dir.m] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/calc_terraflow_dir.m calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS. '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.csr.tar.gz r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.fragment.tar.gz r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is meant to be a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. Currently under development (help welcome). 
[http://www.faunalia.com/mediawiki/index.php/R_li Wiki page] 
[http://www.faunalia.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/r.li Mailing list] 
'''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/r.surf.nnbathy.tar.gz r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates surface from rasterized input using [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor intepolation library. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

 

===General add-ons===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset. '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

* '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install. '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)
 
=== Imagery add-ons ===

* [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/i.atcorr.1.3.1a.tar.gz i.atcorr] Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++. The Old Page was rescued by Christo recently and copied [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/ here]. Compiled in CVS but not tested. Update: The source code is not yet functional in GRASS CVS, Adaptation is going-on. '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/gdal/i.warp61 i.warp61] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman
 
=== Display add-ons ===

* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====
* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.frame.quarter d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/d.hyperlink.tar.gz d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author: '''Eric Patton

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.stations d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below). '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.varea d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

===Postscript add-ons===

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples/templates]]

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====
* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2006-09-22T03:56:40Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Raster add-ons */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons

__TOC__

==Copyright and licensing information==

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

==Shell script coding standards==

Please have a look at our [http://grass.itc.it/grass61/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

==Miscellaneous Add-ons==

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/utm_which_zone.sh utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

==GRASS 6.x==

===Vector add-ons===

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

* [http://geo4.uibk.ac.at/tilde/kindl/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network. '''Author:''' Florian Kindl

* [http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/trees.html v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.rasterbounds v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.3Dtin v.3Dtin] is a shell script for making 3D-vector of the 2D ouput from ''v.delauny''. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc. '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.variogram.tar.gz v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.krige.tar.gz v.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method.The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user desumed from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin. '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/v.flip.tar.gz v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot]. '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

* [http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer. '''Author:''' Martin Landa

===Raster add-ons===

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
zc.pl -i input -o output |r.mapcalc

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
local_maxima.pl -i input -o output -s matrix_size|r.mapcalc

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT]] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/r.out.gmt yet another r.out.gmt] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility.

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.pack r.pack] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.unpack r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/dominant_dir.m dominant_dir.m] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/calc_terraflow_dir.m calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS. '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.csr.tar.gz r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.fragment.tar.gz r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is meant to be a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. Currently under development (help welcome). 
[http://www.faunalia.com/mediawiki/index.php/R_li Wiki page] 
[http://www.faunalia.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/r.li Mailing list] 
'''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/r.surf.nnbathy.tar.gz r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates surface from rasterized input using [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor intepolation library. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

 

===General add-ons===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset. '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

* '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install. '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)
 
=== Imagery add-ons ===

* [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/i.atcorr.1.3.1a.tar.gz i.atcorr] Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++. The Old Page was rescued by Christo recently and copied [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/ here]. Compiled in CVS but not tested. Update: The source code is not yet functional in GRASS CVS, Adaptation is going-on. '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/gdal/i.warp61 i.warp61] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman
 
=== Display add-ons ===

* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====
* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.frame.quarter d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/d.hyperlink.tar.gz d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author: '''Eric Patton

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.stations d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below). '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.varea d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

===Postscript add-ons===

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples/templates]]

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====
* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2006-09-22T03:55:41Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Raster add-ons */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons

__TOC__

==Copyright and licensing information==

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

==Shell script coding standards==

Please have a look at our [http://grass.itc.it/grass61/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

==Miscellaneous Add-ons==

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/utm_which_zone.sh utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

==GRASS 6.x==

===Vector add-ons===

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

* [http://geo4.uibk.ac.at/tilde/kindl/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network. '''Author:''' Florian Kindl

* [http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/trees.html v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.rasterbounds v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.3Dtin v.3Dtin] is a shell script for making 3D-vector of the 2D ouput from ''v.delauny''. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc. '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.variogram.tar.gz v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.krige.tar.gz v.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method.The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user desumed from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin. '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/v.flip.tar.gz v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot]. '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

* [http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer. '''Author:''' Martin Landa

===Raster add-ons===

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
zc.pl -i input -o output |r.mapcalc

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
local_maxima.pl -i input -o output -s matrix_size|r.mapcalc

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/r.out.gmt yet another r.out.gmt] is a modified version of Hamish's r.out.gmt. Added options for title, xlabel, ylabel, comment, and map width. Removed any settings that can be changed by gmtset for more flexibility.

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT]] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.pack r.pack] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.unpack r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/dominant_dir.m dominant_dir.m] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/calc_terraflow_dir.m calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS. '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.csr.tar.gz r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.fragment.tar.gz r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is meant to be a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. Currently under development (help welcome). 
[http://www.faunalia.com/mediawiki/index.php/R_li Wiki page] 
[http://www.faunalia.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/r.li Mailing list] 
'''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/r.surf.nnbathy.tar.gz r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates surface from rasterized input using [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor intepolation library. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

 

===General add-ons===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset. '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

* '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install. '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)
 
=== Imagery add-ons ===

* [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/i.atcorr.1.3.1a.tar.gz i.atcorr] Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++. The Old Page was rescued by Christo recently and copied [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/ here]. Compiled in CVS but not tested. Update: The source code is not yet functional in GRASS CVS, Adaptation is going-on. '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/gdal/i.warp61 i.warp61] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman
 
=== Display add-ons ===

* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====
* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.frame.quarter d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/d.hyperlink.tar.gz d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author: '''Eric Patton

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.stations d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below). '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.varea d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

===Postscript add-ons===

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples/templates]]

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====
* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

AddOns

2006-09-22T03:51:07Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Vector add-ons */

This page contains references to user contributions and add-ons

__TOC__

==Copyright and licensing information==

''Please be sure to include copyright and licensing information in the header comments of your code so that others may know how they can use, extend, modify, and redistribute your work.''

e.g. at the top of a shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/sh
############################################################################
#
# MODULE: v.in.e00
#
# AUTHOR(S): Markus Neteler, Otto Dassau
#
# PURPOSE: Import E00 data into a GRASS vector map
# Imports single and split E00 files (.e00, .e01, .e02 ...)
#
# COPYRIGHT: (c) 2004, 2005 GDF Hannover bR, http://www.gdf-hannover.de
#
# This program is free software under the GNU General Public
# License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
# for details.
#
#############################################################################
#
# REQUIREMENTS:
# - avcimport: http://avce00.maptools.org

[script follows]
</pre>

==Shell script coding standards==

Please have a look at our [http://grass.itc.it/grass61/source/SUBMITTING_SCRIPTS Shell script coding standards] before submitting here.

==Miscellaneous Add-ons==

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/utm_which_zone.sh utm_which_zone.sh] is a shell script to determine UTM zone from Lat/Lon input. Requires [http://www.octave.org Octave] to be installed. A shell-only version is [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/utm_which_zone_sh.sh available] which only requires awk. '''Authors''': Hamish Bowman (Octave part), Markus Neteler (shell script wrapper), Daniel Calvelo (sh+awk version)

* Perl scripts for converting data forth and back between Excel files and PostgreSQL: [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/pg2xls.pl pg2xls.pl] reads data from PostgreSQL and produces an excel workbook; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/xls2sql.pl xls2sql.pl] reads excel files and outputs SQL statements to be fed into an RDBMS. Both scripts need modules from [http://www.cpan.org CPAN], especially [http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel/ Spreadsheet::ParseExcel] for xls2sql.pl and [http://search.cpan.org/~tmtm/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-FromDB Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::FromDB] and its dependencies for pg2sql.pl. Check the source headers for more info. '''Authors:''' Daniel Calvelo (xls2sql.pl), Markus Neteler (pg2xls.pl)

* [http://dream.lrrl.arch.tu-muenchen.de/~wqual/perl/dbf2sql.tgz dbf2sql] is a Perl script for translating dbf-tables into a sql-command. dbf-tables are read using dbfdump-command from dbd-xbase-perl module ([http://search.cpan.org/~janpaz/DBD-XBase-0.241/ dbd::xbase] and [http://search.cpan.org/~jv/Getopt-Long-2.35/lib/Getopt/Long.pm getopt::long] have to be installed from CPAN first). There are problems, if the last column of the table contains characters. Suggestions for improvements welcome! '''Author:'''Wolfgang Qual

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/azimuth2.c azimuth2.c] is a small C program to calculate the azimuth and length of vector lines exported by GRASS-GIS as ASCII files (like this: v.out.ascii input=vector output=ascii format=standard). It is useful for create rose diagrams of lineament maps. Improvements on the original code after suggestions by Örs Téglásy, Hungary. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

==GRASS 5.x==

===Vector add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

===Raster add-ons for GRASS 5===

* See here: http://grass.itc.it/download/addons.php

* [http://www.valledemexico.ambitiouslemon.com/gwmodelling.html r.gmtg] The groundwater modelling tool for grass. A module to use MODFLOW within GRASS. '''Author''': Jaime Carrera

==GRASS 6.x==

===Vector add-ons===

* [http://geni.ath.cx/grass/v.out.gmt v.out.gmt] is a shell script that exports a polygon vector file into GMT xy file. psbasemap code was copied from Hamish's r.out.gmt. '''Author:''' Huidae Cho

* [http://geo4.uibk.ac.at/tilde/kindl/grass/v.strahler.tgz v.strahler] is a module that calculates the Strahler Order for all lines of a given dendritic network. '''Author:''' Florian Kindl

* [http://svg.cc/grass/index.html v.out.svg] is a module that exports SVG notation along with optional attribute data directly from GRASS 6.x vector layers. '''Author:''' Klaus Förster

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/trees.html v.trees3d] is a module for making 3D trees from input vector point file. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.lda v.lda] is a shell script for calculating Ian Johnson's (U. Sidney) Local Density Analysis values to measure clustering of point data at different neighborhood radii. There is an option to create a simple line graph of the results. There have been reports of problems creating the line graph on Cygwin installations of GRASS. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton/files/grass_scripts/v.append v.append] is a shell script combining two vector files AND their associated attribute tables. The vector files should be of the same type and, for best results, should have identically formatted attribute tables. '''Author:''' Michael Barton

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/v.group v.group] generates a new vector map with the same geometry as an existing map. The new map has categories and a table based on grouping by the values in certain columns of the existing map's table. The values in these columns are preserved in the table for the new map. It's like a v.reclass that preserves data. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/v.out.ascii.db v.out.ascii.db] is a shell script for exporting vector point data coordinates and selected attribute columns to either a file or to the console. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.rasterbounds v.rasterbounds] is a shell script for creating polygon-vector file of rasterfile boundaries. The best version of GRASS is 6.1+. If you are using GRASS < 6.1, you have to be in the same mapset as your raster maps are from. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/v.3Dtin v.3Dtin] is a shell script for making 3D-vector of the 2D ouput from ''v.delauny''. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.clubwebcanada.ca/twiens/v.sample.buffer.tgz v.sample.buffer] is a shell script that samples rasters in buffers of a specified size around features in a specified vector file. Sampling results are added as attributes to the vector file. This script was designed for sampling vegetation indices and DEM derived attributes for bird point counts. Sampling results can be one or more basic statistics such as mean, range, max, etc. '''Author:''' Trevor Wiens

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.variogram.tar.gz v.variogram] is a script that create an omnidirectional experimental semi-variogram. This scripts require R-statistics software installed on your machine. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://www.gfosservices.it/materiale_didattico/moduli/v.krige.tar.gz v.krige] is a script that do a surface interpolation from vector point data by Kriging method.The interpolated value of a cell is determined by using an omnidirectional variogram model fitted starting from model parameter given by user desumed from the experimental semi variogram produced by v.variogram. '''Author:''' Ivan Marchesini, Pierluigi De Rosa

* [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.lmeasure v.lmeasure] and [http://ngeo.de/grassstuff/v.revlmeasure v.revlmeasure] are two perl scripts that place equidistant vector points along a given arbitrary vector line starting from the beginning or end of the vector line, respectively. Resulting vector points are labeled with the distance from origin. '''Author:''' Mats Schuh

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/v.swathwidth v.swathwidth] creates a vector map representing the sea bottom coverage of a multibeam (swath) sonar survey. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/v.flip.tar.gz v.flip] flips the direction of selected vector lines. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

* [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt v.digatt] (shell script) Interactively assign numeric table attributes to series of vector objects. It is meant to be effective by avoiding to type in the attribute value for all single objects again and again. The user is prompted for typing in an attribute value which is assigned to all objects selected by mouseclick afterwards. Next the display is redrawn after updating the table column. Zooming allows to change the region before the old value can be reused or a new one can be typed in (or copied by mouse from another object) in order to assign it to the next series of objects etc. It is tested not very extensively yet. Therefore better work with a copy of your map and consider using v.digit or d.what.vect -e alternatively. [http://phygeo7.geo.uni-augsburg.de/gis2/scripts/v.digatt.png screenshot]. '''Author:''' Andreas Philipp

* [http://k153-85.fsv.cvut.cz/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/grass6/vector/v.in.gama/ v.in.gama] converts [http://www.gnu.org/software/gama/ GNU GaMa] XML output file to a GRASS vector map layer. '''Author:''' Martin Landa

===Raster add-ons===

* [http://www.igc.usp.br/pessoais/guano/downloads/r.roughness r.roughness] is a shell script to calculate the surface roughness of a DEM, using r.surf.area and v.surf.rst. '''Author:''' Carlos Henrique Grohmann

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.gauss.tgz r.gauss] is Gaussian and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for GRASS. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.mlv.tgz r.mlv] is Mean of least variance filter for GRASS. It is an edge-preserving (or even edge-enhacing) filter, which should serve for removing additive noise from images. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/grass/r.bilateral.tgz r.bilateral] Bilateral filter is an edge-preserving filter, which combines domain and range filtering. It is written in C language. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/zc.pl Zero crossing] is a simple Perl script, finds the ,,zero crossings`` from the Laplacian of Gaussian filter (see above). It is really very simple, the edges don't need to be really on that pixel, where they are detected, no interpolation is performed. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
zc.pl -i input -o output |r.mapcalc

* [http://www.fle.czu.cz/~jachym/programs/local_max.pl Local maxima] is a Perl script for <code>r.mapcalc</code>. It detects local maxima of the image. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

'''Usage:'''
local_maxima.pl -i input -o output -s matrix_size|r.mapcalc

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.out.gmt r.out.gmt] is a GRASS script for exporting a GRASS raster map into a [[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ GMT]] grid file. It also creates a GMT color table from the data and can generate some GMT commands for plotting a postscript file. (code is experimental, but functional) see also http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/grass_user_group/#GMT_and_GRASS-overview '''Authors:''' Hamish Bowman, Dylan Beaudette

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.pack r.pack] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/r.unpack r.unpack] are two GRASS scripts for transfering raster maps to another computer as a single file. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/dominant_dir.m dominant_dir.m] and [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/calc_terraflow_dir.m calc_terraflow_dir.m] are two Matlab scripts for determining the dominant flow direction from a r.terraflow MFD map and converting into a GRASS aspect map for use with d.rast.arrow, etc. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://www-pool.math.tu-berlin.de/~soeren/grass/modules/ r.in.onearth] for download and import satellite images direct from the NASA onearth WMS server into GRASS. '''Author:''' Soeren Gebbert

* [http://www.shockfamily.net/cedric/grass/r.tileset r.tileset] generates a list of tiles and sizes in a source projection that cover the region in the current database with appropriate resolution. The size of individual tiles can be constrained. Only tiles intersecting the current region are returned. These tilings are appropriate for requesting data from another projection to meet the specifications of the current region. For example, it could be used to generate tile requests to a latitude / longitude WMS server like this <code>r.tileset -w sourceproj="+init=epsg:4326"</code>. '''Author:''' Cedric Shock

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.csr.tar.gz r.csr] integrates several Grass programs to produce colored, shaded-relief rasters in one step. Accepts single or multiple elevation/bathymetry maps as input; optionally will fill data holidays with 3x3 median filter, multiple times, if required; can apply color maps from a) input raster, b) another raster in MAPSET, or c) from a rules file; otherwise, rainbow colorbar is applied. Output colored, shaded-relief rasters can optionally be exported to tiff format and archived using tar with gzip/bzip2 compression if appropriate flags are given. Shading parameters can be modified, though useful defaults are given. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/r.fragment.tar.gz r.fragment] fragments a raster into a user-defined set of smaller tiles according to an input number of rows and columns. Optionally, a null value threshold can be set to filter out candidate tiles that would have a large percentage of null cells. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author:''' Eric Patton

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.eucdist r.eucdist] creates a raster map estimating the euclidean distance from known cells. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/r.smoothpatch r.smoothpatch] creates a composite of two rasters using a distance-weighted average across the transition to smooth the edges. '''Author:''' David Finlayson

* [http://www.faunalia.it/download/r_li/ r.li] is meant to be a more flexible and faster replacement of the old r.le. Currently under development (help welcome). 
[http://www.faunalia.com/mediawiki/index.php/R_li Wiki page] 
[http://www.faunalia.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/r.li Mailing list] 
'''Authors:''' Claudio Porta, Davide Spano, Serena Pallecchi, [http://www.faunalia.it Faunalia]

* [http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/sieczka/udostepnione/grass_scripts/r.surf.nnbathy.tar.gz r.surf.nnbathy] interpolates surface from rasterized input using [http://www.marine.csiro.au/~sakov/ nn] natural neighbor intepolation library. '''Author:''' Maciej Sieczka

 

===General add-ons===

* [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/dassau/g.laptop/g.laptop.sh g.laptop.sh] is an interactive shell script to extract raster and vector data from current Location into a new one. Data can be copied or extracted in current or original resolution and region extend. This script was written to extract smaller parts of a GRASS location to be able to present them on a laptop without the necessity to transfer huge data. Maps do not have to be in the same mapset. '''Author:''' Otto Dassau

* '''''Readline completion''''' for GRASS commands under the bash shell: [http://www.sorokine.info/grass-complete/ grass-complete] won't clutter the environment but needs to be installed; [http://dcalvelo.free.fr/grass/grass_rlcompleter.sh grass_rlcompleter.sh] needs almost no installation but will pollute the environment. Grass-Complete currently requires Bash version 2.05 for proper install. '''Author:''' Alexandre Sorokine (grass-complete), Daniel Calvelo (grass_rlcompleter.sh)
 
=== Imagery add-ons ===

* [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/i.atcorr.1.3.1a.tar.gz i.atcorr] Atmospheric Correction using Christo Zietsman's implementation of 6s code in C/C++. The Old Page was rescued by Christo recently and copied [http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yann/6s/ here]. Compiled in CVS but not tested. Update: The source code is not yet functional in GRASS CVS, Adaptation is going-on. '''Author:''' Christo Zietsman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/gdal/i.warp61 i.warp61] is a shell script that will use gdalwarp to rectify a raw input image using thin plate splines. The map should be imported into GRASS with r.in.gdal and GCPs set with i.points. Input is the raw image (GeoTIFF, JPEG, etc). Output is a GeoTIFF in the imagery group's target location's map projection. Requires a recent (early 2006) version of GRASS 6.1, or newer. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman
 
=== Display add-ons ===

* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/gist/software/grass/ pd-GRASS]: Parallel Display for GRASS GIS '''Author:''' Alex Sorokine

==== [[IconSymbols]] ====
* [[IconSymbols|Symbols]] which can be used with ''d.vect, d.graph'', and ''ps.map''.

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.frame.quarter d.frame.quarter] is a shell script that will split the display into four quadrants using ''d.frame''. Individual frames are named ''uno, dos, tres, cuatro'', and ''full_screen''. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [ftp://gsca.nrcan.gc.ca/outgoing/Patton/Grass/d.hyperlink.tar.gz d.hyperlink] is an interactive shell script that allows the viewing of hyperlinked images from a vector's attribute table in an external image viewer. Queries can be made via SQL statements or interactive mouse-clicking. The attribute table must be pre-populated with a column containing the image to link the vector to; the user also specifies the image folder in the current MAPSET where the images are located. The script currently supports gimp, Eye of Gnome, gthumb, gpdf, and Inkscape image viewers. (Right-click and choose 'Save Link As') '''Author: '''Eric Patton

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.stations d.stations] is a shell script that quickly displays vector points (or sites for GRASS 5.4 and below). '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

* [http://bambi.otago.ac.nz/hamish/grass/d.varea d.varea] is a shell script that quickly displays vector areas. '''Author:''' Hamish Bowman

===Postscript add-ons===

* [http://les-ejk.cz/programs/grass/ps.atlas ps.atlas] is a shell script that makes more maps on current region according to input *.psmap file. General map can be stored as vector file. The resulting *.eps maps can be automatically converted to *.pdf files. '''Author:''' Jachym Cepicky

* [[ps.map scripts|ps.map samples/templates]]

==== [[AreaFillPatterns]] ====
* Hatches for ps.map's vareas

===GRASS and UMN Mapserver===

* [http://www.mail-archive.com/mapserver-users@lists.umn.edu/msg00086.html See interesting posting]

[[Category:Community]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

WinGRASS 6 Current Status

2006-09-21T20:25:49Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Known problems */

__TOC__

This page describes the current status of winGRASS development. Precompiled native winGRASS packages are available [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here].

== What is missing? ==

* Display drivers: socket
** Use gis.m instead of monitors.
** Make gis.m Output window more like xterm. No need to hit Run.
** Is there any way that the Map Display in gis.m can interact with console commands? IPC? File Alteration Monitor?
* i.class: SIGALRM, SIGTSTP (are these signals important?)
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2image: wait()
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2target: wait()
* i.points: wait()
* i.vpoints: wait()
* r.terraflow: getrusage()

== Known problems ==

* modules not working: r.proj (v.proj too?), r.surf.rst, v.neighbors, v.kernel, r.cost
* Cannot open Help pages.
* Have to add c:\mingw\bin to PATH on some systems.
** You should have typed c:/mingw instead of c:\mingw when asked by the MinGW installer.
* Have to type "exit" in the console to save ~/.grassrc file. Then, close gis.m to finish the session.

The following items cannot be fixed in the near future:
* Cannot display a thematic layer.
** d.vect.thematic requires PNG driver, which is not available in winGRASS.
** can't read "_data(.gronsole.gronsole,4,donecmd)": no such element in array error
** Aqua TclTk solution: http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=5096&display=History

== TclTk issues ==

* cannot run shell scripts: only .com, .exe, .bat
** sh -c '$cmd'
* var=val style argument is not valid for batch files: equal sign is a separator like a space. http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=71247 http://www.gatago.com/alt/msdos/batch/17358926.html
** need .exe wrapper for shell scripts? grass-xterm-wrapper.exe
* file command returns bad code (catch is needed): http://sources.redhat.com/ml/insight/2003-q1/msg00079.html
** catch {file copy}
** catch {file delete}
** catch {file rename -force} does not work. Delete old file first: catch {file delete}; catch {file rename}
* file redirection (>@stdout, 2>@stderr) does not work: http://wiki.tcl.tk/672
** exec a batch file doing redirection (>&2, 2>&1)
* no -permissions file attributes
** catch {file attributes -permissions}

== Other libraries ==

GDAL
* lib/gis/OBJ.*/fmode.o is needed for any GRASS related modules.
* modified ltmain.sh to install binary files from wrapper scripts.

WinGRASS 6 Current Status

2006-09-17T22:58:31Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Known problems */

__TOC__

This page describes the current status of winGRASS development. Precompiled native winGRASS packages are available [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here].

== What is missing? ==

* Display drivers: socket
** Use gis.m instead of monitors.
** Make gis.m Output window more like xterm. No need to hit Run.
** Is there any way that the Map Display in gis.m can interact with console commands? IPC? File Alteration Monitor?
* i.class: SIGALRM, SIGTSTP (are these signals important?)
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2image: wait()
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2target: wait()
* i.points: wait()
* i.vpoints: wait()
* r.terraflow: getrusage()

== Known problems ==

* Cannot open Help pages.
* Have to add c:\mingw\bin to PATH on some systems.
** You should have typed c:/mingw instead of c:\mingw when asked by the MinGW installer.
* Have to type "exit" in the console to save ~/.grassrc file. Then, close gis.m to finish the session.

The following items cannot be fixed in the near future:
* Cannot display a thematic layer.
** d.vect.thematic requires PNG driver, which is not available in winGRASS.
** can't read "_data(.gronsole.gronsole,4,donecmd)": no such element in array error
** Aqua TclTk solution: http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=5096&display=History

== TclTk issues ==

* cannot run shell scripts: only .com, .exe, .bat
** sh -c '$cmd'
* var=val style argument is not valid for batch files: equal sign is a separator like a space. http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=71247 http://www.gatago.com/alt/msdos/batch/17358926.html
** need .exe wrapper for shell scripts? grass-xterm-wrapper.exe
* file command returns bad code (catch is needed): http://sources.redhat.com/ml/insight/2003-q1/msg00079.html
** catch {file copy}
** catch {file delete}
** catch {file rename -force} does not work. Delete old file first: catch {file delete}; catch {file rename}
* file redirection (>@stdout, 2>@stderr) does not work: http://wiki.tcl.tk/672
** exec a batch file doing redirection (>&2, 2>&1)
* no -permissions file attributes
** catch {file attributes -permissions}

== Other libraries ==

GDAL
* lib/gis/OBJ.*/fmode.o is needed for any GRASS related modules.
* modified ltmain.sh to install binary files from wrapper scripts.

WinGRASS 6 Current Status

2006-09-16T03:28:12Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* Known problems */

__TOC__

This page describes the current status of winGRASS development. Precompiled native winGRASS packages are available [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here].

== What is missing? ==

* Display drivers: socket
** Use gis.m instead of monitors.
** Make gis.m Output window more like xterm. No need to hit Run.
** Is there any way that the Map Display in gis.m can interact with console commands? IPC? File Alteration Monitor?
* i.class: SIGALRM, SIGTSTP (are these signals important?)
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2image: wait()
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2target: wait()
* i.points: wait()
* i.vpoints: wait()
* r.terraflow: getrusage()

== Known problems ==

* Have to add c:\mingw\bin to PATH on some systems.
** You should have typed c:/mingw instead of c:\mingw when asked by the MinGW installer.
* Have to type "exit" in the console to save ~/.grassrc file. Then, close gis.m to finish the session.

The following items cannot be fixed in the near future:
* Cannot display a thematic layer.
** d.vect.thematic requires PNG driver, which is not available in winGRASS.
** can't read "_data(.gronsole.gronsole,4,donecmd)": no such element in array error
** Aqua TclTk solution: http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=5096&display=History

== TclTk issues ==

* cannot run shell scripts: only .com, .exe, .bat
** sh -c '$cmd'
* var=val style argument is not valid for batch files: equal sign is a separator like a space. http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=71247 http://www.gatago.com/alt/msdos/batch/17358926.html
** need .exe wrapper for shell scripts? grass-xterm-wrapper.exe
* file command returns bad code (catch is needed): http://sources.redhat.com/ml/insight/2003-q1/msg00079.html
** catch {file copy}
** catch {file delete}
** catch {file rename -force} does not work. Delete old file first: catch {file delete}; catch {file rename}
* file redirection (>@stdout, 2>@stderr) does not work: http://wiki.tcl.tk/672
** exec a batch file doing redirection (>&2, 2>&1)
* no -permissions file attributes
** catch {file attributes -permissions}

== Other libraries ==

GDAL
* lib/gis/OBJ.*/fmode.o is needed for any GRASS related modules.
* modified ltmain.sh to install binary files from wrapper scripts.

WinGRASS 6 Current Status

2006-09-16T03:14:39Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: /* TclTk issues */

__TOC__

This page describes the current status of winGRASS development. Precompiled native winGRASS packages are available [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here].

== What is missing? ==

* Display drivers: socket
** Use gis.m instead of monitors.
** Make gis.m Output window more like xterm. No need to hit Run.
** Is there any way that the Map Display in gis.m can interact with console commands? IPC? File Alteration Monitor?
* i.class: SIGALRM, SIGTSTP (are these signals important?)
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2image: wait()
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2target: wait()
* i.points: wait()
* i.vpoints: wait()
* r.terraflow: getrusage()

== Known problems ==

* Have to add c:\mingw\bin to PATH on some systems.
** Shouldn't the MinGW installer add c:\mingw\bin to PATH?
* Cannot display a thematic layer.
** d.vect.thematic requires PNG driver, which is not available in winGRASS.
** can't read "_data(.gronsole.gronsole,4,donecmd)": no such element in array error
** Aqua TclTk solution: http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=5096&display=History

== TclTk issues ==

* cannot run shell scripts: only .com, .exe, .bat
** sh -c '$cmd'
* var=val style argument is not valid for batch files: equal sign is a separator like a space. http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=71247 http://www.gatago.com/alt/msdos/batch/17358926.html
** need .exe wrapper for shell scripts? grass-xterm-wrapper.exe
* file command returns bad code (catch is needed): http://sources.redhat.com/ml/insight/2003-q1/msg00079.html
** catch {file copy}
** catch {file delete}
** catch {file rename -force} does not work. Delete old file first: catch {file delete}; catch {file rename}
* file redirection (>@stdout, 2>@stderr) does not work: http://wiki.tcl.tk/672
** exec a batch file doing redirection (>&2, 2>&1)
* no -permissions file attributes
** catch {file attributes -permissions}

== Other libraries ==

GDAL
* lib/gis/OBJ.*/fmode.o is needed for any GRASS related modules.
* modified ltmain.sh to install binary files from wrapper scripts.

WinGRASS 6 Current Status

2006-09-16T03:13:18Z

⚠️HuidaeCho: GDAL library

__TOC__

This page describes the current status of winGRASS development. Precompiled native winGRASS packages are available [http://geni.ath.cx/grass.html here].

== What is missing? ==

* Display drivers: socket
** Use gis.m instead of monitors.
** Make gis.m Output window more like xterm. No need to hit Run.
** Is there any way that the Map Display in gis.m can interact with console commands? IPC? File Alteration Monitor?
* i.class: SIGALRM, SIGTSTP (are these signals important?)
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2image: wait()
* i.ortho.photo/photo.2target: wait()
* i.points: wait()
* i.vpoints: wait()
* r.terraflow: getrusage()

== Known problems ==

* Have to add c:\mingw\bin to PATH on some systems.
** Shouldn't the MinGW installer add c:\mingw\bin to PATH?
* Cannot display a thematic layer.
** d.vect.thematic requires PNG driver, which is not available in winGRASS.
** can't read "_data(.gronsole.gronsole,4,donecmd)": no such element in array error
** Aqua TclTk solution: http://intevation.de/rt/webrt?serial_num=5096&display=History

== TclTk problems ==

* cannot run shell scripts: only .com, .exe, .bat
** sh -c '$cmd'
* var=val style argument is not valid for batch files: equal sign is a separator like a space. http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=71247 http://www.gatago.com/alt/msdos/batch/17358926.html
** need .exe wrapper for shell scripts? grass-xterm-wrapper.exe
* file command returns bad code (catch is needed): http://sources.redhat.com/ml/insight/2003-q1/msg00079.html
** catch {file copy}
** catch {file delete}
** catch {file rename -force} does not work. Delete old file first: catch {file delete}; catch {file rename}
* file redirection (>@stdout, 2>@stderr) does not work: http://wiki.tcl.tk/672
** exec a batch file doing redirection (>&2, 2>&1)
* no -permissions file attributes
** catch {file attributes -permissions}

== Other libraries ==

GDAL
* lib/gis/OBJ.*/fmode.o is needed for any GRASS related modules.
* modified ltmain.sh to install binary files from wrapper scripts.