GRASS-Wiki - User contributions [en]

Compile and Install

2017-05-31T15:47:21Z

⚠️Paul Schrum: /* Linux */ Grammar correction: "cames" to "comes"

'''Disclaimer''': This page explains how to turn the GRASS GIS source code into an installable binary package ("compilation") for different operating systems. If you just want to get ready-to-use binaries, go [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/ here], otherwise read on...

== How to do compilation and installation of GRASS GIS? ==

Here we explain the procedure to compile GRASS from SVN, but it also applies to official GRASS 6 releases.

''For installation of precompiled binary packages, see the main [[Installation Guide]].''

For detailed information on compilation, please see the [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/source/INSTALL INSTALL] file in the source code.

=== Prerequisites ===

==== Extra libraries ====
GRASS needs at least two extra libraries: PROJ and GDAL/OGR

''Note: if you want to have DBMS support in GDAL (subsequently in GRASS) you have to perform the "Optional" steps below as well.''

* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ4] for management of projections (with proj-datumgrid-1.3.zip support)
* Optional: [http://trac.osgeo.org/geos/ GEOS]
* Optional: [http://www.postgresql.org PostgreSQL], [http://www.mysql.org mySQL], [http://www.unixodbc.org unixODBC], [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite] (SQLite is needed for [[QGIS]])
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL/OGR] for reading and writing various GIS data formats (interoperability)

You have to install these two libraries '''first''' (see below how to get them precompiled for your system).

It is easiest to obtain a prepackaged version of these libraries (e.g., .rpm; .deb) for your particular operating system and run the corresponding package installation (e.g., rpm -Uhv packagename.rpm; apt-get) in a terminal window. Take care to also install the development packages of these libraries (...-devel packages). If there is no prepackage version, then you will have to download the source code (see links above, source code packages usually ends in .tar.gz or .zip) and compile it (you must have a C compiler installed as part of your operating system). The Web sites show the steps to compile the libraries.

Other libraries needed to run GRASS are listed on the {{website|grass64/source/REQUIREMENTS.html|requirements page}}.

To compile, you will also need the respective "-devel" packages.

==== Download GRASS GIS source code ====
Then [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/ download the GRASS GIS source code] of course.

=== Generic Compilation and installation procedure ===

* It is wise that compilation processes are carried out as a normal user: If you want to get the source code in a place where you do not have write permissions (e.g. in /usr/local/src/) just follow this:
cd /usr/local/src/
su -c 'mkdir grass6'
su -c 'chown yourlogin:yourgroup grass6'

Otherwise if you have permissions just continue as a normal user:
cd /usr/local/src/
svn checkout ...

* do a code checkout from the SVN source code repository
: checkout the latest GRASS 6.x from SVN (see: {{twiki|DownloadSource}})

* in the grass6 directory, you will find the precious INSTALL file, open it with your favourite pager/editor and read it carefully!

* run configure with parameters to adapt the compile process to your own system. To see what options can be passed to it, run:
./configure --help | less


It may (!) look like this:

./configure \
--with-cxx \
--with-sqlite \
--with-postgres-libs=/usr/include/pgsql/libpq \
--with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \
--with-freetype \
--with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-motif \
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj

You may have to explicitly state the path for certain packages (i.e., gdal). The Unix 'locate' command will come in handy for finding the path of the package you need (you may have to run locate as root ex: sudo locate gdal-config).

Please note that the paths mentioned may widely vary due to the distribution used.
See [[Compile_and_Install#Platform_Specific_Notes|Platform Specific Notes]] below.

Depending on your needs it may be a good idea to include debugging hooks.
: See [[GRASS_Debugging#Compile_Time_Setup]].
CFLAGS="-ggdb -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration" ./configure ...

At the end of configuration process you should get report not much different from this:

GRASS is now configured for: i686-pc-linux-gnu

Source directory: /usr/src/grass6
Build directory: /usr/src/grass6
Installation directory: /usr/local/grass-6.3.svn
Startup script in directory: ${exec_prefix}/bin
C compiler: gcc -g -O2
C++ compiler: c++ -g -O2
FORTRAN compiler:
Building shared libraries: yes
64bit support: no

NVIZ: yes

BLAS support: no
C++ support: yes
DWG support: no
FFMPEG support: no
FFTW support: yes
FreeType support: yes
GDAL support: yes
GLw support: no
LAPACK support: no
Large File Support (LFS): no
Motif support: no
MySQL support: no
NLS support: no
ODBC support: no
OGR support: yes
OpenGL(R) support: yes
PNG support: yes
PostgreSQL support: yes
Readline support: no
SQLite support: no
Tcl/Tk support: yes
TIFF support: yes
X11 support: yes

* Let's compile it (takes a little while...)!
make
* At the end, you should get report not much different from this:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Following modules are missing the 'description.html' file in src code:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASS GIS compilation log
-------------------------
Started compilation: Ne kvě 28 13:18:43 CEST 2006
--
Errors in:
--
Finished compilation: Ne kvě 28 13:43:40 CEST 2006
(In case of errors please change into the directory with error and run 'make')

* If there is any error, change directory to directory with error and run "make" again. Report occuring bug to grass mailing list
* Once the installation process is finished, you're ready to install GRASS system wide.
su -c 'make install'
* enjoy GRASS:
grass64

=== What else? ===

If you want to use [http://www.qgis.org QGIS], then also compile the GRASS-GDAL/OGR plugin. This is also useful to access your GRASS-data
from other application using GDAL/OGR like [http://thuban.intevation.de thuban].
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (enables QGIS to read GRASS data directly)

=== Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin ===

* See [[Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin]]

=== Platform Specific Notes ===

==== Linux ====

Linux comes in various flavours, i.e. distributions.

===== Debian =====

Read the instructions here:
: http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/branches/develbranch_6/debian/README.debian

# first install PROJ, GDAL, etc.
cd grass64/
# follow instructions in debian/README.debian
fakeroot buildpackage

* Official [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianGis DebianGIS] packaging control files:

<strike>
http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/
svn co svn://svn.debian.org/svn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/trunk/

or

svn co svn://svn.debian.org/svn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/branches/<GRASS Version>
</strike>

Available on git server:
git://git.debian.org/git/pkg-grass/grass.git

http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-grass/grass.git/

====== GRASS 6.1 on Debian Sarge ======

* [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/debiangisfiles#compile Compiling GRASS 6.1-CVS on Debian/OldStable (aka 3.1, Sarge)]

====== GRASS 6.4 on Debian Lenny ======

Install needed packages:
apt-get install flex bison libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev lesstif2-dev debhelper dpatch libtiff4-dev \
tcl-dev tk-dev libfftw3-dev libxmu-dev libfreetype6-dev autoconf2.13 autotools-dev doxygen \
libmysqlclient15-dev graphviz libsqlite3-dev python-wxgtk2.8 libcairo2-dev libwxgtk2.8-dev \
python-dev libgdal1-dev libgdal1-1.5.0 libproj-dev libproj0 proj-bin proj-data mysql

# Important: avoid using CFLAGS="... -Werror-implicit-function-declaration" (also on later Debian versions), see {{trac|1684}}

Configure:
./configure \
--with-cxx \
--with-sqlite \
--with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
--with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql \
--with-odbc \
--with-cairo \
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.4/ \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-motif --with-fftw --with-nls --with-python \
--with-x --x-libraries=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

Compile:
make

Install:
sudo make install

====== GRASS 6.4 on Debian Jessie ======

Install needed packages:
apt-get install flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev tcl-dev tk-dev \
libfreetype6-dev libgdal1h libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \
libncurses5-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev \
libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
libproj-dev proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk3.0 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev \
netcdf-bin libnetcdf-dev libatlas-dev libgegl-dev doxygen postgresql mysql-server \
libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev libgeotiff-epsg libxmu-dev libxt-dev libx11-dev

# Important: avoid using CFLAGS="... -Werror-implicit-function-declaration" (also on later Debian versions), see {{trac|1684}}

Configure:
./configure \
--with-cxx \
--with-sqlite \
--with-postgres \
--with-odbc \
--with-cairo \
--with-geos \
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.6/ \
--with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-motif \
--with-fftw \
--with-nls \
--with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
--with-python \
--with-x --x-libraries=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

Compile:
make

Install:
sudo make install

====== GRASS 7 on Debian Squeeze ======

Install needed packages:
apt-get install flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev python-dev \
g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev \
libgdal1 libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \
libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff4-dev \
libwxgtk2.8-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk2.8 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev

Download source code:

svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass_trunk

Configure:

cd grass_trunk/
CFLAGS="-Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
CXXFLAGS="-Wall" \
./configure --prefix=/usr/local \
--with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
--with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
--without-tcltk \
--with-cxx \
--enable-largefile \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-sqlite \
--with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python2.6-config --with-wxwidgets \
--with-geos --with-pthread

Compile:
make

Install:
sudo make install # installs as /usr/local/bin/grass71

====== GRASS 7 on Debian Wheezy ======

Install needed packages:

# note: cmake and libboost-all-dev only needed for optional libLAS
sudo apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev

sudo apt-get install flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev \
libgdal1 libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libncurses5-dev libproj-dev \
libreadline-dev libtiff4-dev libwxgtk2.8-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers \
libxt-dev mesa-common-dev proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk2.8 subversion wx-common \
zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin libatlas-dev libgegl-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
libsqlite3-dev postgresql python-sphinx python-gdal

Download and Install libLAS
wget http://download.osgeo.org/liblas/libLAS-1.7.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf libLAS-1.7.0.tar.gz
cd libLAS-1.7.0/
mkdir makefiles
cd makefiles
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" ../
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
cd ../..

Download of GRASS GIS 7 source code:
wget http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/grass-7.0.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf grass-7.0.0.tar.gz

Configure:
cd grass-7.0.0
CFLAGS="-g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" CXXFLAGS="-g -Wall" \
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local \
--with-gdal \
--with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
--with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
--with-cxx --enable-largefile \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
--with-wxwidgets --with-geos --with-blas \
--with-lapack-includes=/usr/lib/lapack --with-liblas=yes \
--with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
--with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=yes --with-postgres=yes \
--with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
--with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql

# --with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
# --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql \

GRASS GIS 7 is now configured (example):

Source directory: /home/user/grass-7.0.0
Build directory: /home/user/grass-7.0.0
Installation directory: ${prefix}/grass-7.0.0
Startup script in directory:${exec_prefix}/bin
C compiler: gcc -g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused
C++ compiler: c++ -g -Wall
Building shared libraries: yes
OpenGL platform: X11
MacOSX application: no
MacOSX architectures:
MacOSX SDK:
BLAS support: yes
C++ support: yes
Cairo support: yes
DWG support: no
FFTW support: yes
FreeType support: yes
GDAL support: yes
GEOS support: yes
LAPACK support: no
Large File support (LFS): yes
libLAS support: yes
MySQL support: no
NetCDF support: yes
NLS support: yes
ODBC support: yes
OGR support: yes
OpenCL support: no
OpenGL support: yes
OpenMP support: yes
PNG support: yes
POSIX thread support: yes
PostgreSQL support: yes
Readline support: yes
Regex support: yes
SQLite support: yes
TIFF support: yes
wxWidgets support: yes
X11 support: no

Compile:
make -j2

Install:
sudo make install # installs as /usr/local/bin/grass70

Launch:
grass70

====== GRASS 7 on Debian Jessie ======

Install needed packages:
sudo apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 \
autotools-dev python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev \
libfreetype6-dev libgdal1h libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \
libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev \
libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk3.0 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev \
netcdf-bin libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev doxygen python-sphinx \
postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev mysql-server \
libatlas-dev libblas-dev liblapack3gf liblapack-dev
# opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python-gdal

Download and compile libLAS (or simply install 'liblas-c-dev ', see above):
wget http://download.osgeo.org/liblas/libLAS-1.8.0.tar.bz2
tar xjf libLAS-1.8.0.tar.bz2
mkdir libLAS-1.8.0/makefiles
cd libLAS-1.8.0/makefiles
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" ../
make
sudo make install

Download and compile GRASS 7:
# (check there for later version)
wget http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/grass-7.0.0.tar.gz
tar xzfv grass-7.0.0.tar.gz
cd grass-7.0.0
CFLAGS="-g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
CXXFLAGS="-g -Wall" \
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local \
--with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
--with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
--with-cxx --enable-largefile \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
--with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
--with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
--with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
--with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
--with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no --with-postgres=yes \
--with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
--with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql \
--with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
--with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql
make -j2

Install:
sudo make install # installs as /usr/local/bin/grass70

====== GRASS 7 on Debian Stretch ======
(Updated from above with package changes required for Debian Stretch)

Install needed packages (Updated 29 November 2016 to switch libgdal1i, libgdal1-dev to libgdal20 and libgdal-dev):
apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdal20 \
libgdal-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev \
libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk3.0 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin \
libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev doxygen python-sphinx postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev \
mysql-server libatlas-dev libblas-dev liblapack3 liblapack-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python-gdal

Download and unpack source code or fetch from SVN: https://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/

Configuration:

CFLAGS="-g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
CXXFLAGS="-g -Wall" \
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local \
--with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
--with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
--with-cxx --enable-largefile \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
--with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
--with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
--with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
--with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
--with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no --with-postgres=yes \
--with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
--with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql \
--with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
--with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql

Compile:

make -j2

Install:

make install

===== Ubuntu =====

There is a dedicated page on how to [[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu | Compile the GRASS GIS source code & install it in Ubuntu]].

===== Linux Mint =====

The [[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu | detailed compilation guide for Ubuntu]] may just work. Here is a short guide for Mint:
<pre>
sudo apt-get install build-essential flex make bison gcc libgcc1 g++ \
cmake ccache python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-opengl \
python-wxversion python-wxtools python-wxgtk2.8 python-dateutil \
libgsl0-dev python-numpy wx3.0-headers wx-common libwxgtk3.0-dev \
libwxgtk3.0-dbg libwxbase3.0-dev libwxbase3.0-dbg \
zlib1g-dev gettext libtiff-dev libpnglite-dev \
libcairo2 libcairo2-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev libreadline6 \
libreadline6-dev libfreetype6-dev txt2tags libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
lsb-desktop libapt-pkg-perl resolvconf libjasper-dev subversion \
libswscale-dev checkinstall libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
libproj-dev proj-bin proj-data gdal-bin python-gdal libgdal1-dev

# GRASS GIS 6 only: libncurses5-dev tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev
# Extra: ffmpeg ffmpeg2theora libffmpegthumbnailer-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev

CFLAGS="-Wall" ./configure --with-cxx --with-gdal \
--with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj/ \
--with-geos --without-postgres \
--with-nls --with-opengl-includes=/usr/include/GL/ \
--with-fftw --with-freetype \
--with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 --with-sqlite \
--with-python=/usr/bin/python2.7-config --with-wx=/usr/bin/wx-config \
--with-wxwidgets --with-cairo --enable-largefile

# G6: --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.5/ \

make

sudo make install
</pre>

===== Mandriva =====

Installation of dependencies (urpmi will ask you a few more):

'''Mandriva 2009:''' (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit)
# as root
urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \
mesagl1-devel mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \
lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion
exit

'''Mandriva 2010:''' (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit) - see also [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/grass/current/SPECS/ SPEC] file
# as root
# installation of PROJ and GDAL
urpmi proj proj-devel gdal gdal-devel gcc-gfortran lib64openssl1.0.0 \
lib64openssl1.0.0-devel postgresql8.4-devel lib64pq8.4

# installation of compilation environment
urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \
lib64mesagl1-devel lib64mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \
lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion
exit

Then, to configure GRASS, run (64 bit stuff optional of course):
# as user
./configure \
--enable-64bit --with-libs=/usr/lib64 \
--with-cxx \
--with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \
--with-sqlite \
--with-nls \
--with-python \
--with-wxwidgets=/usr/lib/wxPython/bin/wx-config \
--with-fftw \
--with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/libav* /usr/include/libpostproc /usr/include/libswscale" \
--with-motif \
--with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib64 \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--enable-largefile

# compilation (use -j2 ior -j4 parameter on multi-core CPUs to accelerate):
make

Installation:
su
# this will install into /usr/local/
make install
exit

===== Enterprise Linux =====

Enterprise Linux (EL) and derivatives (that is, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS and Scientific Linux) is a popular and robust platform for servers and computing-heavy workstations, and is therefore a good fit for GIS specific requirements.

See: http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Enterprise_Linux_GIS

===== Scientific Linux =====

See Centos

===== CentOS =====

You first need to add the EPEL repository for PROJ.4 and GDAL, see [https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL/FAQ#How_can_I_install_the_packages_from_the_EPEL_software_repository.3F here]

<strike>
Preparation '''Centos 5''' (old):
yum install epel-release

# Note: CentOS 5 comes with Python 2.4 which lacks python-config, hence two extra tweaks are needed.
yum install flex bison zlib-devel tcl-devel tk-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
libtiff-devel libpng-devel sqlite-devel \
mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel mesa-libGLw-devel \
mesa-libOSMesa-devel libXmu-devel python-devel gtk2-devel\
ncurses-devel postgresql-devel make
</strike>

Preparation '''Centos 6''' | '''Scientific Linux 6''':
yum install epel-release

yum install flex bison make zlib-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
sqlite-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel \
libXmu-devel libX11-devel fftw-devel libtiff-devel \
lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
proj proj-devel proj-epsg proj-nad libxml2 gdal gdal-devel geos geos-devel \
python-dateutil python-imaging python-matplotlib python-argparse
# only GRASS GIS 6: install also tcl-devel tk-devel

Preparation '''Centos 7''' | '''Scientific Linux 7''':
yum install epel-release

yum install flex bison make zlib-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
sqlite-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel \
libXmu-devel libX11-devel fftw-devel libtiff-devel \
lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
proj proj-devel proj-epsg proj-nad libxml2 gdal gdal-devel geos geos-devel \
netcdf netcdf-devel blas-devel lapack-devel atlas-devel \
python-dateutil python-imaging python-matplotlib python-sphinx \
doxygen subversion

'''GRASS GIS 7 compilation and installation'''

[http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/ Download source code] (e.g., --> "Download latest 7.0-svn code (SVN))" and configure GRASS 7 (suggestion: save this as script):

./configure \
--with-cxx \
--enable-largefile \
--with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
--with-sqlite \
--with-python \
--with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \
--with-openmp \
--with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
--with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
--with-fftw \
--with-geos \
--with-netcdf \
--without-ffmpeg \
--without-mysql \
--without-postgres \
--without-odbc \
--without-fftw

Compile:
make
or on a multicore system (number depends of available cores):
make -j4

For a system wide installation, run as root user:
make install
OR simply run it directly from the source code directory (substitute ARCH with i686 or x86_64):

bin.$ARCH/grass70 -gui

In this case, for convenience, add it to the search path:
mkdir $HOME/bin
cd $HOME/bin
# example:
ln -s $HOME/software/grass70_release/bin.i686-pc-linux-gnu/grass70 .

Now use it subsequently with
grass70 -gui

===== Gentoo =====

./configure \
--with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/"

See also http://packages.gentoo.org/package/sci-geosciences/grass

===== Funtoo =====

{{MovedToTrac|FuntooLinux}}

===== Fedora =====

====== GRASS GIS 6 on Fedora ======

'''Preparation''' for the compilation of GRASS GIS 6 source code (F16-F21):

yum install proj-devel gdal-devel sqlite-devel ffmpeg-devel mesa-libGL-devel \
mesa-libGLU-devel libXmu-devel libX11-devel tcl-devel tk-devel geos \
fftw-devel libtiff-devel lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
gcc gcc-c++ bison flex ncurses-devel proj-epsg proj-nad xml2 subversion

''Note 1: that currently gdal-devel has (too) many dependencies and may lead to a massive download of extra packages (200 on a fresh Fedora 16 install). Hopefully solved in later Fedora versions.''

''Note 2: the optional ffmpeg-devel comes from the rpmfusion-free repository ([http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration/ configuration]).''

'''Download''' the source code:
* GRASS GIS 6: [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/ release package] - [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/source/snapshot/ weekly snapshot] - [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DownloadSource#GRASS6.4 SVN repository]

'''Configure''': This is an ''example'' how to configure the source code on a Fedora system:

./configure \
--with-cxx \
--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
--with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-sqlite \
--with-nls \
--with-geos \
--with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \
--with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--enable-largefile \
--without-odbc \
--with-fftw

Extra: If you also want '''FFMPEG''' support - it requires 'yum install fftw-devel'. Then add to the configuration lines above:

--with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/ffmpeg /usr/include/ffmpeg/libav* /usr/include/ffmpeg/libpostproc /usr/include/ffmpeg/libswscale" \

Finally '''compile''' the configured source code:
make
or on multicore (number depends of available cores):
make -j4
and
make install # requires root permissions unless you become owner of /usr/local/

Then use GRASS GIS 6 and enjoy!

====== GRASS GIS 7 on Fedora ======

'''Preparation''' for the compilation of GRASS GIS 7 source code (F20-F22):

dnf install gcc gcc-c++ bison flex ncurses-devel proj-epsg proj-nad xml2 \
proj-devel gdal gdal-devel gdal-python sqlite-devel mesa-libGL-devel \
fftw-devel mesa-libGLU-devel libXmu-devel libX11-devel geos geos-devel \
libtiff-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
python-dateutil python-imaging python-matplotlib-wx subversion doxygen python-sphinx

# optionally also: netcdf-devel postgresql-devel lesstif-devel

''Note 1: the optional ffmpeg-devel comes from the rpmfusion-free repository ([http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration/ configuration]).''

'''Download''' the source code:
* GRASS GIS 7: [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ weekly snapshot] - [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DownloadSource#GRASS7 SVN repository]

'''Configure''': This is an example how to configure the source code on a Fedora system:

./configure \
--with-cxx \
--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
--with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
--with-geos \
--with-sqlite \
--with-nls \
--with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \
--with-fftw \
--with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
--with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--enable-largefile \
--without-odbc

''Extra 1:'' If you also want '''FFMPEG support''' - it requires 'dnf install fftw-devel' from the rpmfusion-free repository. Then add to the configuration lines above:

--with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/ffmpeg /usr/include/ffmpeg/libav* /usr/include/ffmpeg/libpostproc /usr/include/ffmpeg/libswscale" \

''Extra 2:'' For '''LAPACK/BLAS support''' (addons i.spec.unmix, v.kriging etc), install "dnf install lapack lapack-devel blas blas-devel atlas atlas-devel". Then add to the configuration lines above:
--with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
--with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \

Finally '''compile''' the configured source code:
make
or on multicore (number depends of available cores):
make -j4
and
make install # requires root permissions unless you become owner of /usr/local/

Then use GRASS GIS 7 and enjoy!

===== openSUSE =====

To build GRASS on openSUSE:

RPM packages to be installed:
<source lang="bash">
sudo zypper install bison flex freetype2-devel fftw3-devel gcc-c++ \
libgdal-devel libgeos-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel \
man proj libproj-devel readline-devel netcdf-devel ncurses-devel \
mysql-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel unixODBC-devel \
tcl-devel tk-devel xorg-x11-Mesa-devel libXmu-devel \
python-numpy python-dateutil python-devel python-opengl \
python-wxWidgets python-xml python-dateutil wxWidgets-devel \
zlib-devel doxygen python-sphinx
</source>

Source code configuration:
<source lang="bash">
./configure \
--enable-largefile \
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-cxx \
--with-lapack=yes \
--with-x \
--with-motif \
--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
--with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \
--with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
--with-fftw \
--with-readline \
--with-netcdf \
--with-curses \
--with-geos \
--with-nls \
--with-sqlite \
--with-freetype \
--with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-wxwidgets \
--with-odbc \
--with-python
</source>

Then compile with "make [-j2]".

===== Arch Linux =====

Up-to-date links to Arch Linux GRASS PKGBUILDs are on https://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/linux/.

But if you want to compile it yourself, you have to keep in mind that in Arch Linux the default Python version 3.

python --version

Python 3.3.1

Therefore, to build GRASS GIS (version 7 in this example), we can use either use virtualenv or symlink python2 and python2-config in a given directory.
Let's use the latter approach

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2 $HOME/usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2-config $HOME/usr/bin/python-config

We can now start building GRASS 7

export PATH=~/usr/bin:$PATH && \
./configure \
--enable-debug \
--enable-64bit \
--with-libs=/usr/lib64 \
--with-cxx \
--with-readline \
--with-zlib-includes="/usr/include/" \
--with-freetype=yes \
--with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/" \
--enable-largefile=yes \
--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj/ \
--with-geos=/usr/bin/geos-config \
--with-cairo \
--with-odbc \
--with-pthread \
--with-liblas=/usr/local/bin/liblas-config \
--with-fftw-includes="/usr/include/" \
--with-fftw-libs=/usr/lib/ \
--with-tcltk-includes="/usr/include/" \
--with-wxwidgets \
--with-postgres=yes \
--with-postgres-includes="/usr/include/postgresql/internal" \
--with-postgres-libs="/usr/include/postgresql/internal/libpq" \
--with-sqlite=yes \
--with-python=yes \
--with-liblas \
--with-netcdf

Now let's compile and install it

make
sudo make install

Now the final step required to use GRASS with python2 is to create a bash script "grass" (or the name you want)

#!/bin/bash
export PATH=~/usr/bin:$PATH
python2 /usr/local/bin/grass70

And make it executable and copy it somewhere in the PATH

chmod+x grass
sudo cp grass /usr/local/bin

It's done, you can enjoy GRASS 7 in Arch, just type "grass" (or the name you gave to the script) in the terminal to launch it.

===== RPM SPEC files =====
* [https://build.opensuse.org/package/show?package=grass&project=Application%3AGeo OpenSuSe]
* [http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/cgit/rpms/grass.git/tree/grass.spec Fedora]
* ...

===== Zaurus =====

... see [http://wiki.debian.org/?GrassGISonZaurus here] for instructions

==== Mac OSX ====

===== Conventional installation =====
* see the source/macosx readme ([http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass/trunk/macosx/ReadMe.rtf Trac link])
* main page [[Compiling on MacOSX]]
* main page [[Packaging on MacOSX]]
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/mac-osx/ official download site]
* [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/frameworks#build_scripts build scripts for dependencies]
* solving errors at starting GRASS GIS: [[MacOSX GRASS errors]]
=====Compiling on MacOSX using homebrew =====

* See [[Compiling on MacOSX using homebrew]]

=====Compiling on MacOSX using Fink =====

* See [[Compiling on MacOSX using Fink]]

==== FreeBSD / NetBSD ====

The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the respective package managing tools (pkg_add for FreeBSD and pkgin install for NetBSD) and for recent *BSD versions most likely installed by default.

GRASS 6.x and GRASS 7 should compile on FreeBSD 8.0 or later and NetBSD 5.0 or later (maybe also on updated NetBSD 4.x).

It is highly recommended to install GDAL/OGR and PROJ4 first. These libraries and tools are available as [http://www.freebsd.org/ports/ ports for FreeBSD] and [http://www.pkgsrc.org/ packages for NetBSD].

Optional functionality is listed with ''./configure --help'', and related libraries and tools might need to be installed first.

You then may need to edit include/Make/Platform.make and set
ICONVLIB = -liconv

==== Solaris ====

* ''2008 Oct 15'': see [http://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/grass-user/2008-October/047093.html this post on the grass mailing list]

===== 11 SPARC/i86pc =====

The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the Solaris package manager.

Most dependencies are available through the Solaris package manager. GDAL and proj4 can either be compiled from source or installed e.g. from [http://www.opencsw.org/ OpenCSW]. If packages are installed from OpenCSW, the linker flags need to be set with

LDFLAGS="-Wl,-R/opt/csw/lib -L/opt/csw/lib -Wl,-R/opt/csw/gxx/lib -L/opt/csw/gxx/lib"

See also the [http://www.opencsw.org/use-it/ OpenCSW documentation].

===== 10 SPARC/i86pc =====

* get gcc compiler and tools. There are several sources: Solaris Companion CD (SFW pkg, installs in /opt/sfw/), Blastwave ([http://www.blastwave.org], CSW pkg, installs in /opt/csw/) or Sunfreeware ([http://www.sunfreeware.com], SMC pkg, installs in /usr/local/).
Needed Packages from Sunfreeware: SMCbinut, SMCbison, SMCcoreu, SMCfindu, SMCflex, SMCgawk, SMCgcc, SMCgrep, SMCgzip, SMCless, SMClibt, SMClicon, SMCmake, SMCncurs, SMCproj, SMCsed, SMCtar, SMCtcl, SMCtiff, SMCtk, SMCunzip, SMCzlib.

* compile and install fftw-library ([http://www.fftw.org]). You need to re-compile the library with:

./configure --with-pic --enable-shared; make ; make install.

The pre-built packages don't work.

* compile and install gdal library (see documentation of gdal, [http://www.gdal.org]).

* compile and install any additional libraries (e. g. GEOS, [http://geos.refractions.net]).

* set compiler flags and path. e. g.:

# on ultra-sparc machine:
CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=v9"
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=v9"
PATH="/usr/local/bin:/opt/sfw/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin"
export CFLAGS CXXFLAGS PATH

Path has to be changed for the packages (Sunfreeware: /usr/local/bin, Solaris Companion: /opt/sfw/bin, Blastwave: /opt/csw/bin).

* Next configure, e. g.:

./configure --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql/ \
--with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib --with-postgres=yes \
--with-includes=/usr/local/include/ncurses

If you use n(ew)curses, you have to include the path /usr/local/include/ncurses.

then:

make
su
make install

If the shared libraries are not found at runtime of the modules, use 'crle' to add the paths of the libraries for the dynamic linker, e. g. as root:

crle -l /lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/opt/sfw/lib:/usr/X11/lib

Be careful not to omit a library path, the system may be unusable if you forget the /lib path.

==== AIX ====

A recent [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (>= 3.81) and GNU coreutils are required. These are available with the [http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/aix/linux/toolbox/download.html IBM AIX toolbox] or through third-party AIX software repositories, e.g. [http://www.bullfreeware.com/ bullfreeware] and [http://www.perzl.org/aix/ perzl.org]. Note that 'make' does not work, only 'gmake' works.

General instructions to compile on AIX are e.g. [http://www.perzl.org/aix/index.php?n=Main.Instructions here]

On AIX, compilation results by default in 32 bit applications and static libraries. The [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-gnu.html IBM documentation] explains how to build 64 bit applications and shared libraries with GCC.

'''GRASS 6: Using the IBM xlc compiler:'''
* ''see [http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gis.grass.user/32667 this mailing list thread]''

Mike wrote in 2009:

After attempting all the suggestions, I finally used
--disable-shared on the configure command, and all but
a handful of modules successfully compiled. I was able to
individually address the ones that failed through Makefile
edits and several small source code/header file edits.

The environment variables and configure command that worked were:
<pre>
# xlc compiler:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/opt/freeware/bin:$PATH
export OBJECT_MODE=64
export LIBICONV=/opt/freeware
export CC="xlc_r -q64"
export CFLAGS="-O -qstrict"
export CXX="xlC_r -q64"
export CXXFLAGS="-O -qstrict"
export AR="ar -X64"
export F77="xlf_r -q64"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/afs/isis/pkg/libpng/include -I/usr/local/include -I$LIBICONV/include -I/usr/lpp/X11/include/X11"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L$LIBICONV/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lc"

./configure --prefix=/afs/isis/pkg/grass-6.4.0 \
--enable-64bit \
--disable-shared \
--with-includes="/usr/include/fontconfig /usr/include/X11 /usr/include/X11/Xft /usr/include/X11/ext" \
--x-includes=/usr/include/X11 \
--x-libraries=/usr/X11R6/lib \
--with-fftw-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/include \
--with-fftw-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/lib \
--with-gdal=/afs/isis/pkg/gdal/bin/gdal-config \
--with-proj-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/include \
--with-proj-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/lib \
--with-proj-share=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/share/proj \
--with-tcltk-includes=/usr/local/include \
--with-tcltk-libs=/usr/local/lib \
--with-opengl-includes=/usr/include/GL
</pre>

'''GRASS 7: Using the IBM xlc compiler:'''

Get and install (in this order):
* [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ GNU tar]
* [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (>= 3.81)
* [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite]
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ.4] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS 7]

The environment variables and configure command that worked:
<pre>
## AIX 5.x

export LIBPATH=/opt/freeware/lib64:/opt/freeware/lib
# make 'ar' happy
export OBJECT_MODE=64

PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin
./configure \
--prefix=$PREFIX \
--disable-shared \
--enable-largefile \
--with-cxx \
--with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
--with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
--with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
--with-sqlite \
--with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
--with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
--with-tiff=no \
--with-png=no \
--with-fftw=no \
--with-cairo=no \
--with-freetype=no
</pre>

'''GRASS 7: Using the GNU gcc compiler:'''

Get and install (in this order):
* if needed, [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ GNU tar]
* if needed (the name is often 'gmake' and not 'make') [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (>= 3.81)
* [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite]
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ.4] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS 7]

The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 5.x:
<pre>
## AIX 5.x

export LIBPATH=/opt/freeware/lib64:/opt/freeware/lib
# make 'ar' happy
export OBJECT_MODE=64

PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin
CFLAGS='-ansi -D_ALL_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -Dinline=' ./configure \
--prefix=$PREFIX \
--disable-shared \
--enable-largefile \
--with-cxx \
--with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
--with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
--with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
--with-sqlite \
--with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
--with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
--with-tiff=no \
--with-png=no \
--with-fftw=no \
--with-cairo=no \
--with-freetype=no
</pre>

The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 7.x:
<pre>
## AIX 7.x
export CC="gcc"
export CXX="g++"
PREFIX=$HOME/bin

LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bsvr4,-R,/opt/freeware/lib -L/opt/freeware/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/freeware/include" ./configure \
--prefix=$PREFIX \
--enable-largefile \
--enable-shared \
--with-includes=/opt/freeware/include --with-libs=/opt/freeware/lib \
--with-cxx \
--with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
--with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
--with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
--with-gdal=$PREFIX/bin/gdal-config \
--with-sqlite \
--with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include \
--with-png=no \
--with-tiff=no \
--with-fftw=no \
--with-cairo=no \
--with-opengl=no \
--with-freetype=no
</pre>

==== MS-Windows ====

===== MS-Windows/Cygwin =====

* See the [[Cygwin]] wiki pages

===== MS-Windows/native =====

====== Compile ======

* [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/CompileOnWindows GRASS Windows Native Binary Building Guide] (GRASS 6.4.x + 7.x)
* <strike>[http://www.webalice.it/marco.pasetti/grass/BuildFromSource.html GRASS Windows Native Binary Building Guide] (GRASS 6.3.x) </strike>
* See/adapt [http://blog.qgis.org/node/124 idea] for unattended install of QGIS (et al) from [http://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/ OSGeo4W] from the QuantumGIS Blog.

See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]] for latest updates.

=== Common problems and solutions ===

During compilation, error can occur if certain packages are not installed. Here a list of problems with solution:

* error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory
** this suggests that you don't have the X headers installed
** Solution: Install the libx11-dev package

* error: g.list: error while loading shared libraries: libgdal1.6.0.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
** this error appears in the shell right after the user clicks GUI's "Start GRASS" button. The GUI shows an error about geographic extent and gets closed afterwards.
** It happens when you launch bin.i686 executable on 64bit system. Be careful and choose the right architecture.

=== Static compilation ===

In order to get static rather than dynamically linked binaries, configure like this:

./configure --disable-shared --enable-static

This will however break the wxGUI and GRASS 7 completely because "ctypes" wants to link against shared libs, or there is something in the static libs that "ctypes" does not like.

=== Optimization ===

GCC and other compilers support [http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.3.3/gcc/Optimize-Options.html#Optimize-Options optimization]

If you would like to set compiler optimisations, for a possibly faster binary, type (don't enter a ";" anywhere):

CFLAGS=-O ./configure
or,
setenv CFLAGS -O
./configure

whichever works on your shell. Use -O2 instead of -O if your compiler supports this (note: O is the letter, not zero). Using the "gcc" compiler, you can also specify processor specific flags (examples, please suggest better settings to us):

CFLAGS="-mcpu=athlon -O2" # AMD Athlon processor with code optimisations
CFLAGS="-march=amdfam10" # AMD Phenom II X4 64bit processor with gcc >=4.3
CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium" # Intel Pentium processor
CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium4" # Intel Pentium4 processor
CFLAGS="-O2 -msse -msse2 -mfpmath=sse -minline-all-stringops" # Intel XEON 64bit processor
CFLAGS="-mtune=nocona -m64 -minline-all-stringops" # Intel Pentium 64bit processor

To find out optional CFLAGS for your platform, enter:
gcc -dumpspecs

See also: http://gcc.gnu.org/

A real fast GRASS version (and small binaries) will be created with LDFLAGS set to "stripping" (but this disables debugging):

CFLAGS="-O2 -mcpu=<cpu_see_above> -Wall" LDFLAGS="-s" ./configure

=== Configure options and their meanings ===

For configure there are many options and some GRASS modules are built only if some options are set. Here are listed common configuration options with short explanation.

* --prefix=/path - Sets path where GRASS will be installed. GRASS will reside in /path/grass-version.
* --enable-largefile - Enables large (>2Gb on 32bit systems) support. For current large file support status look at [[Large File Support]] page.
* --with-cxx - Enables compilation of C++ code. Required for r.terraflow module.
* --with-readline - Enables readline support. If readline is enabled, you can use its history/editing facilities when entering r.mapcalc expressions on stdin.
* --with-glw - Enables GLw support. The GLw library provides OpenGL "canvas" widgets for Athena and Motif.

That switch is unnecessary for normal compilation. It's only
required for r3.showdspf, which isn't normally built; if you
want it, you have build it manually
(e.g. "make -C raster3d/r3.showdspf").
As similar functionality is now provided by NVIZ, r3.showdspf
is deprecated.
r3.showdspf uses the Motif widget (so you also need a
Motif library, e.g. Lesstif or OpenMotif).
[http://grass.itc.it/pipermail/grassuser/2006-December/037475.html Glynn Clements at GRASS-user mailing list]

=== Parallelized compilation on multi-core CPUs ===

You can dramatically accelerate the compilation of the GRASS code with the -j flag of "make" if you have a multi-core CPU system. This determines the maximum number of jobs to have running at once, so cores don't have to sit idle waiting for jobs on other cores to complete. A good rule of thumb for this value is <tt>number_of_cores * 1.5</tt>, but note that setting any higher than the actual number of cores will only affect the timing slightly. For example, on a dual-core processor:
make -j 4



== GRASS-GDAL plugin ==

* see [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]]

== Addons ==

Please note that the installation of [[AddOns/GRASS_6|Addons]] can be easily done with the {{cmd|g.extension}} manager. The compile instructions below are aiming at own development.

=== Compiled modules ===

This is the general way which works for C modules as well as scripts (Python or Shell/Bash modules) which has HTML documentation.

'''Requirements:'''

Either:
* a binary GRASS package, or
* source code which has been prepared with:
./configure [opionally flags]
make libs

Each of the [[GRASS_AddOns|addon]] modules should come with a Makefile. To compile it, just run:
make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/

Note that the <tt>/path/to/grass64</tt> has to be absolute, not relative.

If using Bash it may be useful to set that up as an alias:
alias gmake64='make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/'

Installation (perhaps requires "sudo"):
make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/ install

Note: Compiled addons may require a re-compilation if you changed/updated your GRASS standard binaries.

==== If binary comes with a -dev package ====

''(work in progress, this text states how it eventually will be :)''
Nowadays one does not need to the source code, nor compiling GRASS by oneself to be able to add add-ons. On Debian, you can just install the grass-dev package and then run:
make MODULE_TOPDIR=/usr/lib/grass64/ INST_DIR=/usr/lib/grass64/

The grass-dev package essentially provides GRASS's <tt>include</tt> header files and Make configuration files.

=== Scripts ===

If the addon module is a script, it is sufficient to copy it into the (GRASS binaries) path somewhere. Alternatively, install addons into a separate GRASS addons binaries/scripts directory which is easier to maintain. It avoids getting clobbered every time you reinstall GRASS. To use these separately stored scripts, set and export the GRASS_ADDON_PATH environment variable before starting GRASS and it will automatically be added to the module search path (see the {{cmd|variables}} help page). To simplify this, do for example:

# add in $HOME/.bashrc:
GRASS_ADDON_PATH=/usr/local/grass/addons/
export GRASS_ADDON_PATH

Make sure that the script is executable, then just call it in GRASS typing the filename. Python scripts need to be called writing the extension as well, like:

GRASS 6.5.svn (spearfish60):~ > v.krige.py

[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Using QtCreator for GRASS C development

2017-05-23T15:02:22Z

⚠️Paul Schrum: Grammar correction.

''QtCreator can be used for GRASS development in C or C++ by using QtCreator's Generic project <ref name="genproj">Qt Reference Documentation: QtCreator, Setting Up a Generic Project, http://doc.qt.nokia.com/qtcreator/creator-project-generic.html</ref>.'' This article is focused only on QtCreator for general information about development see [[Development]] or [[GRASS Programming Howto]].

== First steps ==

Download, configure and compile GRASS as usual <ref name="compile">[[Compile and Install]] GRASS</ref>.

In QtCreator go to

File -> New File or Project -> Other Project -> Import Existing Project

and fill Project name. Choose something which allows you to recognize these files easily, e.g. not just <tt>grass</tt>.
Separate projects are usually created for separate modules, group of modules or group of functions (part of a library).
Location is directory where your GRASS sources are. Project files will be created in the same directory (it can not be changed).

== Managing files ==

After pressing ''Next'', QtCreator will scan this directory for all possible source files.
Now you should choose which directories and files you want to include in project.
It is highly recommended to uncheck every directory which you don't need.
This applies especially to modules because modules' local header files can contain declarations which can confuse QtCreator's source completion.
You will probably need only <tt>include</tt> and <tt>lib</tt> directories and if you are working on a module, you will need also your module directory.
However, there is an issue with include directories. Include directory is at different places in source codes and in GRASS distribution directory. You have to help QtCreator to find header files by adding dist include directory to QtCreator project. This directory is here:

dist.(...)/include/grass

Now it is possible that you will experience problems with changing header files. It is always caused by editing file in dist directory instead of original source file because QtCreator's source browsing functions now bring you to wrong files. So if you are editing header file be sure that this file is in source code directory.

You can also apply filters to exclude particular file patterns, e.g.:

*.tcl; *.po; *.sh; *.m

On the last wizard page you have to set ''Add to version control'' to <tt>None</tt>. (Warning: If you forgot this step, QtCreator project files will be added to GRASS SVN.)

Once project is created you can add new files through ''Edit files'' option in project context menu in project tree.
If you open this dialog and you press OK button, all files in marked directories will be added, so this is the way how to add new files from SVN.

== Building ==

In order to compile GRASS it is necessary to change compilation settings.

Projects -> your_project_name -> Build Settings -> Build Steps

In ''Details'' uncheck <tt>all</tt> in ''Targets'' field.
If you have more than one core, you may want to specify number of cores used by make by setting ''Make arguments'' field to -j n where n is number of cores you want to use.
You can also change ''Build directory'' to run make only for necessary directories.

== Debugging ==
Run QtCreator from GRASS command line (actual command depends on your QtCreator installation and operating system):
qtcreator 2> /dev/null &

# other examples:
/opt/qtcreator-2.5.0/bin/qtcreator.sh 2> /dev/null &
/opt/QtSDK/QtCreator/bin/qtcreator 2> /dev/null &
Then you should be able to debug GRASS modules in QtCreator. Note that you should compile GRASS with <tt>-ggdb</tt> compiler option, see [[GRASS Debugging]] for details.

Note that same applies also for analyzing using Valgrind within QtCreator.

== Samples ==

File <tt>project_name.files</tt>:
dist.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/include/grass/defs/arraystats.h
...
dist.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/include/grass/waterglobs.h
lib/raster/align_window.c
...
lib/raster/zero_cell.c
raster/r.mymodule/main.c

File <tt>project_name.includes</tt>:
include
include/defs
include/iostream
include/vect
lib/raster
dist.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/include

File <tt>project_name.config</tt>:
// only for pure C
// to avoid QtCreator confusion when variable named new is used
#define new dummy_new

== Notes ==

* In Project Code Style Settings create new style and set Tab policy to Mixed, Tab size to 8 and Indent size to 4 (applies only for C).
* Since QtCreator can do indentation pretty well, it is easy to forget run indentation script, so do not forget to run it (applies only for C).
* QtCreator with some particular settings can replace tabs in Makefiles by spaces, so be careful editing Makefiles.
* For development in C++ you have to follow some special rules to create Makefile etc. (see some of existing GRASS C++ modules, try <tt>find . -name "*.cpp"</tt>).
* You may want to set your own executable (your module) in Run Settings. In this case it is suggested to prefix or suffix output files since there is no convenient way how to browse command history in QtCreator. For this you also need to run QtCreator in GRASS environment.

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Development]]

R statistics

2017-05-19T22:07:36Z

⚠️Paul Schrum: corrected grammar from "can has" to "can have"

{{toc|right}}

High quality statistic analysis in GRASS GIS is possible thanks to an interface to the most powerful statistics analysis package around: '''''R''''' (http://www.r-project.org).

There is support for:
* The [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spgrass6/ '''spgrass6'''] ''R'' addon package provides a convenient R ←→ GRASS GIS 6 interface
* The [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgrass7/ '''rgrass7'''] ''R'' addon package provides a convenient R ←→ GRASS GIS 7 interface

Using R in GRASS GIS directly can have two meanings:

* The '''first''' is that R is run "on top of" GRASS, transferring GRASS data to R to run statistical functions on the imported data as R objects in memory, and possibly transfer the results back to GRASS.
* The '''second''' is to leave the data mostly in GRASS, and to use R as a scripting language "on top of" GRASS with execGRASS() - in this case, little data is moved to R, so memory constraints are not important, but R functionality is available.

=== Overview ===

* [https://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Spatial.html CRAN Task View: Analysis of Spatial Data]
* Representing and handling spatial and spatio-temporal data in R: sp, rgdal, maptools packages ([http://geostat-course.org/system/files/geostat_talk_150817.pdf slides], [http://geostat-course.org/system/files/bivand_bundle.zip script & data]) by R Bivand, 2015

=== Installation ===

See [[R_statistics/Installation]]

=== Command help ===

Start the ''R'' help browser:
<source lang="rsplus">
help.start()
</source>

* GRASS GIS 6: Select the '''Packages''' entry and then '''spgrass6'''.
* GRASS GIS 7: Select the '''Packages''' entry and then '''rgrass7'''.

=== Usage Examples ===

==== Using R within a GRASS GIS session ====

* GRASS GIS 6: See [[R_statistics/spgrass6]]
* GRASS GIS 7: See [[R_statistics/rgrass7]]
** '''NEW EXAMPLE:''' Raster Time Series processing with GRASS GIS and R! Check the [https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Temporal_data_processing/GRASS_R_raster_time_series_processing temporal data processing wiki].

==== Using GRASS GIS functionality within a R session ====

* GRASS GIS 6: See [[R_statistics/spgrass6]]
* GRASS GIS 7: See [[R_statistics/rgrass7]]

=== Getting Support ===

* Primary support for ''R'' + GRASS and the ''spgrass6'' package is through the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-stats grass-stats] mailing list.

=== See also ===

* R. Bivand, 2007: [http://spatial.nhh.no/R/etc/FBK07 Interfacing R and OSGeo projects: status and perspectives] (Presentation with slides and scripts)

* http://grass.ibiblio.org/statsgrass/index.php#grassR

* Using GRASS GIS 6 and R: https://web.archive.org/web/20090623093535/http://grass.osgeo.org/statsgrass/grass_geostats.html

* Connecting R to RDBMS: http://grassold.osgeo.org/statsgrass/r_and_dbms.html

* [http://www.r-project.org R-Statistics homepage]

* [http://r-spatial.sourceforge.net/ R-spatial main web page]

* [http://geodacenter.asu.edu/r-spatial-projects R Spatial Projects at ASU]

* Neural Networks with GRASS and R (posted by Markus Neteler on the grass-user mailing list) http://www.uam.es/proyectosinv/Mclim/pdf/MBenito_EcoMod.pdf

* A detailed example on the use of GRASS and R, with spearfish data: http://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/drupal/node/438

* Using R and GRASS with cygwin: It is possible to use Rterm inside the GRASS shell in cygwin, just as in Unix/Linux or OSX. You should not, however, start Rterm from a cygwin xterm, because Rterm is not expecting to be run in an xterm under Windows, and loses its input. If you use the regular cygwin bash shell, but need to start display windows, start X from within GRASS with startx &, and then start Rterm in the same cygwin shell, not in the xterm.

* [http://r-spatial.sourceforge.net/ Spatial data in R] (<code>sp</code>) is a '''''R''''' library that provides classes and methods for spatial data (points, lines, polygons, grids), and to new or existing spatial statistics '''''R''''' packages that use sp, depend on sp, or will become dependent on <code>sp</code>, such as <code>maptools</code>, <code>rgdal</code>, <code>splancs</code>, '''<code>spgrass6</code>''', <code>gstat</code>, <code>spgwr</code> and many others.

* [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R Programming Language

=== Open tickets ===

* Ticket {{trac|1103}} (new enhancement) WinGrass64 - windows-commandline not released: a Grass-session with wxGui, command-line and R inside a Grass-session would be possible (as already does in WinGrass7)

=== Workshop material ===

* M. Neteler and M. Metz, 2011: ''Introduction to GRASS GIS''. GEOSTAT 2011 Landau. [http://geostat-course.org/Topic_NetelerMetz_2011 Download workshop material] '''(includes a R session)'''

=== Articles ===

* [http://grass.osgeo.org/newsletter/grassnews3.html GRASS News vol.3], June 2005 (R. Bivand. Interfacing GRASS 6 and R. ''GRASS Newsletter'', 3:11-16, June 2005. ISSN 1614-8746).
* [http://www.osgeo.org/journal OSGeo Journal] vol. 1 May 2007 (R. Bivand. Using the R— GRASS interface. ''OSGeo Journal'', 1:31-33, May 2007. ISSN 1614-8746).
* [http://www.grassbook.org GRASS Book, last chapter]

[[Category:Installation]]
[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:Linking to other languages]]
[[Category:R]]
[[Category:Statistics]]