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	<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Category%3AAngle_Conventions</id>
	<title>Category:Angle Conventions - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Category%3AAngle_Conventions"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-23T10:58:45Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.41.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21647&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>⚠️Madi at 07:23, 20 July 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21647&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-20T07:23:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:23, 20 July 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the field of study they are used in.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the field of study they are used in.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &quot;GRASS&quot; convention is 'theta CCW from the +x axis' (i.e. mathematical|Cartesian convention), which means CCW from E and pointing &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;TO &lt;/del&gt;the direction (aspect, flow), whereas when dealing with meteorological data&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, for example&lt;/del&gt;, wind is usually expressed CW from N and pointing &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;FROM &lt;/del&gt;where wind blows.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &quot;GRASS&quot; convention is 'theta CCW from the +x axis' (i.e. mathematical|Cartesian convention), which means CCW from E and pointing &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to &lt;/ins&gt;the direction (aspect, flow), whereas &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;for example &lt;/ins&gt;when dealing with meteorological data, wind is usually expressed CW from N and pointing &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;from &lt;/ins&gt;where wind blows.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Some modules currently adopt different angle conventions, therefore it is always necessary to be aware of which convention the direction maps are expressed in. See also {{trac|2347}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Some modules currently adopt different angle conventions, therefore it is always necessary to be aware of which convention the direction maps are expressed in. See also {{trac|2347}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Madi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21637&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>⚠️Madi at 18:11, 19 July 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21637&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-19T18:11:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:11, 19 July 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the field of study they are used in.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the field of study they are used in.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;quot;GRASS&amp;quot; convention is 'theta CCW from the +x axis' (i.e. mathematical|Cartesian convention), which means CCW from E and pointing TO the direction (aspect, flow), whereas when dealing with meteorological data, for example, wind is usually expressed CW from N and pointing FROM where wind blows.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;quot;GRASS&amp;quot; convention is 'theta CCW from the +x axis' (i.e. mathematical|Cartesian convention), which means CCW from E and pointing TO the direction (aspect, flow), whereas when dealing with meteorological data, for example, wind is usually expressed CW from N and pointing FROM where wind blows.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Some modules currently adopt different angle conventions, therefore it is always necessary to be aware of which convention the direction maps are expressed in.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Some modules currently adopt different angle conventions, therefore it is always necessary to be aware of which convention the direction maps are expressed in. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;See also {{trac|2347}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Madi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21636&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>⚠️Madi at 18:07, 19 July 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21636&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-19T18:07:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:07, 19 July 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the field of study they are used in.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the field of study they are used in.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &quot;GRASS&quot; convention is 'theta CCW from the +x axis' (i.e. mathematical|Cartesian convention). &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;However, some &lt;/del&gt;modules currently adopt &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a &lt;/del&gt;different &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;convention&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;it is always necessary to be aware of which convention the direction maps are expressed in.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &quot;GRASS&quot; convention is 'theta CCW from the +x axis' (i.e. mathematical|Cartesian convention)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, which means CCW from E and pointing TO the direction (aspect, flow), whereas when dealing with meteorological data, for example, wind is usually expressed CW from N and pointing FROM where wind blows&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Some &lt;/ins&gt;modules currently adopt different &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;angle conventions&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;therefore &lt;/ins&gt;it is always necessary to be aware of which convention the direction maps are expressed in.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Madi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21635&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>⚠️Madi at 18:01, 19 July 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21635&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-19T18:01:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:01, 19 July 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;domain &lt;/del&gt;they are used in.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;field of study &lt;/ins&gt;they are used &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &quot;GRASS&quot; convention is 'theta CCW from the +x axis' (i.e. mathematical|Cartesian convention). However, some modules currently adopt a different convention, and it is always necessary to be aware of which convention the direction maps are expressed &lt;/ins&gt;in.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Madi</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21634&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>⚠️Madi: angle convention category created</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Angle_Conventions&amp;diff=21634&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-19T17:46:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;angle convention category created&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maps expressing directions may use different conventions according to the domain they are used in.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>⚠️Madi</name></author>
	</entry>
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