FUTURES tutorial - Revision history

Annakrat: small updates

2026-05-14T16:46:33Z

small updates

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:46, 14 May 2026
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	= Software =		= Software =
	Required software includes:		Required software includes:
	* GRASS GIS 7		* GRASS GIS
	* addons		* addons
	** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.~~pga~~}}		** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.simulation}}
	** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.potential}}		** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.potential}}
	** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.demand}}		** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.demand}}
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	v.to.rast input=roads output=roads use=val		v.to.rast input=roads output=roads use=val
	r.null map=roads null=0		r.null map=roads null=0
	r.neighbors -c input=roads output=road_dens size=25 method=average		r.neighbors -c input=roads output=road_dens size=25 method=average nprocs=4
	</source>		</source>

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	white-space: -o-pre-wrap;		white-space: -o-pre-wrap;
	word-wrap: break-word;">		word-wrap: break-word;">
	r.futures.calib development_start=urban_1992 development_end=urban_2011 subregions=calib_county patch_sizes=patches.txt calibration_results=calib.csv patch_threshold=1800 repeat=5 compactness_mean=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 compactness_range=0.1,0.05 discount_factor=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 predictors=slope,forest_smooth_perc,dist_interchanges_km,travel_time_cities demand=demand.csv devpot_params=potential.csv num_neighbors=4 seed_search=2 development_pressure=devpressure_1 development_pressure_approach=gravity n_dev_neighbourhood=10 gamma=1 scaling_factor=1 --o		r.futures.calib development_start=urban_1992 development_end=urban_2011 subregions=calib_county patch_sizes=patches.txt calibration_results=calib.csv patch_threshold=1800 repeat=5 compactness_mean=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 compactness_range=0.1,0.05 discount_factor=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 predictors=slope,forest_smooth_perc,dist_interchanges_km,travel_time_cities demand=demand.csv devpot_params=potential.csv num_neighbors=4 seed_search=probability development_pressure=devpressure_1 development_pressure_approach=gravity n_dev_neighbourhood=10 gamma=1 scaling_factor=1 --o
	</source>		</source>

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	</source>		</source>

	Now we have all the inputs necessary for running {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.~~pga~~}}:		Now we have all the inputs necessary for running {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.simulation}}:

	The entire command is here:		The entire command is here:
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	white-space: -o-pre-wrap;		white-space: -o-pre-wrap;
	word-wrap: break-word;">		word-wrap: break-word;">
	r.futures.~~pga~~ subregions=counties developed=urban_2011 predictors=slope,forest_smooth_perc,dist_interchanges_km,travel_time_cities devpot_params=potential.csv development_pressure=devpressure_1 n_dev_neighbourhood=10 development_pressure_approach=gravity gamma=1 scaling_factor=1 demand=demand.csv discount_factor=0.3 compactness_mean=0.2 compactness_range=0.1 patch_sizes=patches.txt num_neighbors=4 seed_search=2 random_seed=1 output=final output_series=final		r.futures.simulation subregions=counties developed=urban_2011 predictors=slope,forest_smooth_perc,dist_interchanges_km,travel_time_cities devpot_params=potential.csv development_pressure=devpressure_1 n_dev_neighbourhood=10 development_pressure_approach=gravity gamma=1 scaling_factor=1 demand=demand.csv discount_factor=0.3 compactness_mean=0.2 compactness_range=0.1 patch_sizes=patches.txt num_neighbors=4 seed_search=probability random_seed=1 output=final output_series=final
	</source>		</source>

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	* recommended parameters for patch growing algorithm		* recommended parameters for patch growing algorithm
	<code>		<code>
	... num_neighbors=4 seed_search=2 ...		... num_neighbors=4 seed_search=probability ...
	</code>		</code>

Annakrat: /* Travel time to cities */

2026-05-14T16:41:45Z

Travel time to cities

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 14 May 2026
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	<source lang="bash">		<source lang="bash">
	r.cost input=roads_travel_time output=travel_time_cities start_points=cities_20000		r.cost input=roads_travel_time output=travel_time_cities start_points=cities_20000 memory=3000
	r.colors map=travel_time_cities color=byr		r.colors map=travel_time_cities color=byr
	</source>		</source>

Neteler: update grass70 -> stable

2023-09-06T08:38:37Z

update grass70 -> stable

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:38, 6 September 2023
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	[https://grass.osgeo.org/~~grass70~~/manuals/addons/r.futures.html r.futures.*] is an implementation of FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES)		[https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons/r.futures.html r.futures.*] is an implementation of FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES)
	which is a model for multilevel simulations of emerging urban-rural landscape structure.		which is a model for multilevel simulations of emerging urban-rural landscape structure.
	FUTURES produces regional projections of landscape patterns using coupled submodels that integrate nonstationary		FUTURES produces regional projections of landscape patterns using coupled submodels that integrate nonstationary

⚠️Wenzeslaus: /* Rescaling variables */ Python shell -> Python tab

2018-04-24T16:52:50Z

Rescaling variables: Python shell -> Python tab

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:52, 24 April 2018
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	=== Rescaling variables ===		=== Rescaling variables ===

	First we will look at the ranges of our predictor variables by running a short Python code snippet in Python ~~shell~~:		First we will look at the ranges of our predictor variables by running a short Python code snippet in Python tab in GUI:

	<source lang="python" style="white-space: pre-wrap;		<source lang="python" style="white-space: pre-wrap;

⚠️Wenzeslaus: fix heading levels

2018-04-24T16:51:22Z

fix heading levels

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 24 April 2018
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	</code>		</code>

	= Scenarios =		=== Scenarios ===

	Scenarios involving policies that encourage infill versus sprawl can be explored using the <tt>incentive_power</tt> parameter,		Scenarios involving policies that encourage infill versus sprawl can be explored using the <tt>incentive_power</tt> parameter,
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	Higher power leads to infill behavior, lower power to urban sprawl.		Higher power leads to infill behavior, lower power to urban sprawl.

	== Postprocessing ==		= Postprocessing =

	Follow a [[Creating_animation_from_FUTURES_output_in_GRASS_GIS\| tutorial how to make an animation from the results]].		Follow a [[Creating_animation_from_FUTURES_output_in_GRASS_GIS\| tutorial how to make an animation from the results]].

	== See also ==		= See also =

	* [[From GRASS GIS novice to power user (workshop at FOSS4G Boston 2017)]]		* [[From GRASS GIS novice to power user (workshop at FOSS4G Boston 2017)]]

⚠️Wenzeslaus: incentive_table replaced by simpler incentive_power, use default for calibration

2018-04-24T16:48:01Z

incentive_table replaced by simpler incentive_power, use default for calibration

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:48, 24 April 2018
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	white-space: -o-pre-wrap;		white-space: -o-pre-wrap;
	word-wrap: break-word;">		word-wrap: break-word;">
	r.futures.calib development_start=urban_1992 development_end=urban_2011 subregions=calib_county patch_sizes=patches.txt calibration_results=calib.csv patch_threshold=1800 repeat=5 compactness_mean=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 compactness_range=0.1,0.05 discount_factor=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 predictors=slope,forest_smooth_perc,dist_interchanges_km,travel_time_cities demand=demand.csv devpot_params=potential.csv num_neighbors=4 seed_search=2 development_pressure=devpressure_1 development_pressure_approach=gravity n_dev_neighbourhood=10 gamma=1 scaling_factor=1 ~~incentive_table=incentive_table.txt~~ --o		r.futures.calib development_start=urban_1992 development_end=urban_2011 subregions=calib_county patch_sizes=patches.txt calibration_results=calib.csv patch_threshold=1800 repeat=5 compactness_mean=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 compactness_range=0.1,0.05 discount_factor=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9 predictors=slope,forest_smooth_perc,dist_interchanges_km,travel_time_cities demand=demand.csv devpot_params=potential.csv num_neighbors=4 seed_search=2 development_pressure=devpressure_1 development_pressure_approach=gravity n_dev_neighbourhood=10 gamma=1 scaling_factor=1 --o
	</source>		</source>

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	</code>		</code>

	== Scenarios ==		= Scenarios =
	Scenarios involving policies that encourage infill versus sprawl can be explored using the <tt>~~incentive_table~~</tt> parameter,
			Scenarios involving policies that encourage infill versus sprawl can be explored using the <tt>incentive_power</tt> parameter,
	which uses a power function to transform the evenness of the probability gradient in POTENTIAL.		which uses a power function to transform the evenness of the probability gradient in POTENTIAL.

	~~It's easy to generate one using python commands as shown on {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.pga}} module manual page:~~		The default value is 1. You can change the power to a number between 0.25 and 4 to test urban sprawl/infill scenarios.

	~~<source lang="python" style="white-space: pre-wrap;~~
	~~white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;~~
	~~white-space: -pre-wrap;~~
	~~white-space: -o-pre-wrap;~~
	~~word-wrap: break-word;">~~
	~~import numpy as np~~
	~~power =~~ 1
	~~length = 1001~~
	~~x = np.linspace(0, 1, length)~~
	~~np.savetxt(fname="incentive_table.txt", fmt='%1.3f', delimiter=',', X=np.column_stack((x, np.power(x, power))), header=",{}".format(length), comments='')~~
	~~</source>~~

	~~Paste those commands for example to the Python Shell in GRASS GIS~~. You can change the power to a number between 0.25 and 4 to test urban sprawl/infill scenarios.
	Higher power leads to infill behavior, lower power to urban sprawl.		Higher power leads to infill behavior, lower power to urban sprawl.

⚠️Wenzeslaus: /* See also */

2018-04-24T16:42:37Z

⚠️Wenzeslaus: /* Prerequisites */ required level of knowledge

2018-04-24T16:41:22Z

Prerequisites: required level of knowledge

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 24 April 2018
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	This tutorial shows how to prepare data and run the model. You can download [http://fatra.cnr.ncsu.edu/futures/FUTURES_triangle.zip sample dataset] and simulate urban growth		This tutorial shows how to prepare data and run the model. You can download [http://fatra.cnr.ncsu.edu/futures/FUTURES_triangle.zip sample dataset] and simulate urban growth
	in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Triangle The Triangle], region in the Piedmont of North Carolina in the United States with rapidly growing cities Raleigh, Durham and Chapel Hill.		in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Triangle The Triangle], region in the Piedmont of North Carolina in the United States with rapidly growing cities Raleigh, Durham and Chapel Hill.

			= Prerequisites =

			This tutorial requires basic knowledge of GRASS GIS. If you haven't used GRASS GIS before, you may want to first go through some of the introductory tutorials or alternative workshops linked from the [[#See also\|See also section]].

	= Software =		= Software =

⚠️Wenzeslaus: /* Software */

2018-04-24T16:32:26Z

Software

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:32, 24 April 2018
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	** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.devpressure}}		** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.devpressure}}
	** {{AddonCmd\|r.sample.category}}		** {{AddonCmd\|r.sample.category}}
	* R (≥ 3.0.2) - needed for {{AddonCmd\|\|r.futures.potential}}		* R (≥ 3.0.2) - needed for {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.potential}}
	* SciPy - useful for {{AddonCmd\|\|r.futures.demand}}		* SciPy - useful for {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.demand}}

	= Input data used in this tutorial =		= Input data used in this tutorial =

⚠️Wenzeslaus: /* Workflow */ add info about installing R pkgs

2018-04-24T16:30:15Z

Workflow: add info about installing R pkgs

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 <source lang="bash">
 g.gui
 </source>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:42, 24 April 2018
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	* [[From GRASS GIS novice to power user (workshop at FOSS4G Boston 2017)]]		* [[From GRASS GIS novice to power user (workshop at FOSS4G Boston 2017)]]
	* [[Unleash the power of GRASS GIS at US-IALE 2017]]		* [[Unleash the power of GRASS GIS at US-IALE 2017]]
			* [[Workshop on urban growth modeling with FUTURES]]
	* [[R statistics\|GRASS GIS and R]]		* [[R statistics\|GRASS GIS and R]]
	* [[GRASS Location Wizard]]		* [[GRASS Location Wizard]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:32, 24 April 2018
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	** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.devpressure}}		** {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.devpressure}}
	** {{AddonCmd\|r.sample.category}}		** {{AddonCmd\|r.sample.category}}
	* R (≥ 3.0.2) - needed for {{AddonCmd\|\|r.futures.potential}}		* R (≥ 3.0.2) - needed for {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.potential}}
	* SciPy - useful for {{AddonCmd\|\|r.futures.demand}}		* SciPy - useful for {{AddonCmd\|r.futures.demand}}

	= Input data used in this tutorial =		= Input data used in this tutorial =