GRASS Citation Repository

How to cite GRASS GIS

Please cite GRASS when using the software in your work. Here are some choices depending on the version used and the type of citation:

• GRASS GIS Manual citations,
• Peer reviewed general GRASS GIS articles,
• Books,
• Topic oriented citations.

Please select below:

GRASS GIS Manual citations

DOI (for all versions, shows latest release on top): 10.5281/zenodo.5176030

Software:

• GRASS Development Team, 2022. Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Software, Version 8.2. Open Source Geospatial Foundation. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176030
• GRASS Development Team, 2017. Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Software, Version 7.2. Open Source Geospatial Foundation. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176030
• GRASS Development Team, 2016. Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Software, Version 7.0. Open Source Geospatial Foundation. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176030
• GRASS Development Team, 2015. Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Software, Version 6.4. Open Source Geospatial Foundation. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176030

Programmer's manual:

• GRASS Development Team, 2024. Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS 8) Programmer's Manual. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org/programming8/
• GRASS Development Team, 2017. Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS 7) Programmer's Manual. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/
• GRASS Development Team, 2015. Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS 6) Programmer's Manual. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org/programming6/

Related BibTeX entry:

  @Manual{GRASS_GIS_software,
    title = {Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS GIS) Software, Version 8.2},
    author = {{GRASS Development Team}},
    organization = {Open Source Geospatial Foundation},
    year = {2022},
    url = {https://grass.osgeo.org},
    doi = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5176030}
  }

Historical manual pages

(Search US Army documents at https://discover.dtic.mil/products-services/)

• Predicting Database Requirements for Geographic Information Systems in the Year 2000: Long-Term Design Issues for GRASS (1992): https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA256862.pdf
• Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Version 4.0 User's Reference Manual (1992): https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA255218.pdf
• GRASS/GIS Implementation Guide (1989): https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA214623.pdf
• r.mapcalc: An Algebra for GIS and Image Processing (1984): https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA283923.pdf
• FORT HOOD GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM: PILOT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND USER INSTRUCTIONS (1983): https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA130618.pdf

GRASS GIS Addon Manual citations

Hint: when citing addons, you can simply use "grass-stable" in the URL which is auto-expanded to the latest version (e.g. grass82/). Like this the latest addon version is found.

Example:

• M. Lennert and GRASS Development Team, 2017: “Addon i.segment.stats. Geographic resources analysis support system (GRASS) software, version 7.2”, https://grass.osgeo.org/grass7/manuals/addons/i.segment.stats.html (1 June 2017)

Peer reviewed general GRASS GIS articles

• Neteler, M., Bowman, M.H., Landa, M., Metz, M., 2012. GRASS GIS: A multi-purpose open source GIS. Environ Model Soft 31, 124–130. (DOI | PDF)
• Neteler, M., Bowman, M.H., Landa, M., Metz, M. (2012) "GRASS GIS: A multi-purpose open source GIS." Environmental Modelling & Software. Vol 31, pp. 124–130. (DOI | PDF)

Related Bibtex entry:

@article{neteler2012grass,
  title={{GRASS GIS: a multi-purpose Open Source GIS}},
  author={Neteler, M. and Bowman, M.H. and Landa, M. and Metz, M.},
  journal={Environmental Modelling \& Software},
  year={2012},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {124--130},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi = "10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.014"
}

Books

• See https://grass.osgeo.org/learn/books/

Topic oriented citations

• see Citations for specific modules
• Citations of GRASS in the wild (add your publications here)

Historic citations

• GRASS Development Team, 2021. GRASS GIS 7 Programmer's Manual. Open Source Geospatial Foundation, USA. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org/programming7/
• GRASS Development Team, 2016. GRASS 6 Programmer's Manual. Open Source Geospatial Foundation, USA. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org/programming6/
• GRASS Development Team, 2012. GRASS 6.4 Users Manual. Open Source Geospatial Foundation, USA. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/manuals/
• GRASS Development Team, 2007. GRASS 6.2 Users Manual. ITC-irst, Trento, Italy. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org/grass62/manuals/
• GRASS Development Team, 2002. GRASS 5.0 Users Manual. ITC-irst, Trento, Italy. Electronic document: https://grass.osgeo.org/grass57/manuals/html57_user/
• U.S. Army CERL, 1993. GRASS 4.1 Reference Manual. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, Champaign, Illinois, 1-425.
• Westervelt, J.D., Shapiro, M., Goran, W.D., Gerdes, D.P. (1992). Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Version 4.0 User's Reference Manual (No. CERL-ADP-N-87/22). CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL. (PDF: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA255218.pdf)
• Shapiro, M., Westervelt, J., Gerdes, D., Higgins, M., & Larson, M. (1989). GRASS 3.0 programmer's manual (No. CERL-ADP-N-89/14). CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL. (PDF: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA252461.pdf)
• Missing: Manuals of GRASS 1.0 and 2.0 - please submit to us!

• Newsletter citations
  • GRASSHopper CERL, https://grass.osgeo.org/about/history/
  • Newsletter citations Vol1 2004
  • Newsletter citations Vol2 2005
  • Newsletter citations Vol3 2005
  • Newsletter citations Vol4 2006

Helpful tools and GRASS related bibliographic searches

• g.citation add-on module
• Google Scholar:
  • Search for "GRASS GIS" (activate BibTex export in "Scholar preferences")
  • The virtual GRASS Development Team - GRASS GIS related papers
• CiteULike - Search for "GRASS"
• Bibutils bibliography conversion utilities
• Gbib BibTeX editor for GTK+Gnome
• JabRef Multi-platform, multi-format bibliography tool
• Zotero citation manager GIS group - with all known GRASS GIS and other GIS related references
• GRASS in the wild‎