GRIB

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Revision as of 11:12, 26 October 2008 by ⚠️HamishBowman (talk | contribs) (→‎Processing: contours)
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GRIB data

Meteorological data from the WMO is supplied in GRIB format. See the GDAL GRIB format page.


Newer versions of GDAL can read this data (i.e. newer than the 1.5 branch; SVN trunk is best), and it can be imported with r.in.gdal.

It often contains a small number of cells but many many bands (layers).

View band metadata with gdalinfo.



Processing

A mini-tutorial follows.


The data is in Lat/Lon on a Sphere. It is not quite correct to import into a Lat/Lon WGS84 location, but the resolution is so crude that you might be able to hold your nose and do so anyway.

  • There is a cell-registration bug in GDAL: (grid vs cell-center convention) cells are all offset to the east and south by half a cell. You can fix this by hand with r.region
  • Currently band metadata is not automatically copied with the import. Add it in manually with "r.support history=".


Convert latest u,v components of wind to GeoTiff (not really needed, but easier to debug) and import into GRASS:

No-data (NULL) values are flagged as "9999" in the file.

$ gdal_translate -b 1 -a_nodata 9999 TasmanSea.wind.grb  TasmanSea.wind.u_wind_latest.tif
$ gdal_translate -b 2 -a_nodata 9999 TasmanSea.wind.grb  TasmanSea.wind.v_wind_latest.tif

r.in.gdal in=TasmanSea.wind.u_wind_latest.tif \
  out=TasmanSea.wind.u_wind_latest -o
r.in.gdal in=TasmanSea.wind.v_wind_latest.tif \
  out=TasmanSea.wind.v_wind_latest -o

or import into GRASS directly:

r.in.gdal in=TasmanSea.wind.grb band=1 out=TasmanSea.wind.u_wind_latest
r.in.gdal in=TasmanSea.wind.grb band=2 out=TasmanSea.wind.v_wind_latest
r.null TasmanSea.wind.u_wind_latest setnull=9999
r.null TasmanSea.wind.v_wind_latest setnull=9999


Convert U,V velocity component maps into magnitide,direction maps for use with d.rast.arrow:

g.copy TasmanSea.wind.u_wind_latest,U_map
g.copy TasmanSea.wind.v_wind_latest,V_map

g.region rast=TasmanSea.wind.u_wind_latest -p
r.mapcalc 'magnitude = sqrt(U_map^2 + V_map^2)'
r.colors magnitude col=bcyr
r.support magnitude units="m/s"
r.mapcalc 'direction = atan(U_map, V_map)'

Convert m/s to knots:

r.mapcalc 'magnitude_kts = magnitude * 3600/1852.0'
r.support magnitude_kts units="knots"
r.colors magnitude_kts col=bcyr

Display:

d.mon x0
r.colors magnitude col=bcyr
d.rast magnitude
d.vect admin98 type=area fcol=225:225:255 color=none

d.rast.arrow map=direction type=grass  magnitude_map=magnitude \
  grid=none arrow=black

d.legend map="magnitude" at=90.3,94.7,1.8,26.5
echo "wind (m/s)" | d.text color=black at=13.8,80.6 size=3 align=lc

Export to a PNG image using the Cairo driver:

d.out.file -c TasmanSea_winds_latest


Resulting image:


Create contours

Create smooth contour lines at 5 knot intervals. First resample to a higher raster resolution with r.resamp.interp so the lines come out smooth.

g.region res=0:15 -p
r.resamp.interp in=magnitude_kts out=magnitude_kts.resamp15m.cube method=bicubic
r.contour in=magnitude_kts.resam15m.cube out=latest_wind_5ms step=5