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'''This page refers to the usage of R within a GRASS GIS 6 session.'''
'''This page refers to the usage of R within a GRASS GIS 6 session and the use of GRASS GIS 6 within an R session.''' (see also [[R_statistics/rgrass7]])
 
== R within GRASS ==


=== Startup ===
=== Startup ===
Line 7: Line 9:


Reset the region settings to the defaults
Reset the region settings to the defaults
GRASS> g.region -d
<source lang="bash">
GRASS> g.region -d
</source>


Launch R from the GRASS prompt
Launch R from the GRASS prompt
GRASS> R
<source lang="bash">
GRASS> R
</source>


Load the ''spgrass6'' library:
Load the ''spgrass6'' library:
> library(spgrass6)
<source lang="rsplus">
library(spgrass6)
</source>


Get the GRASS environment (mapset, region, map projection, etc.); you can display the metadata for your location by printing G:
Get the GRASS environment (mapset, region, map projection, etc.); you can display the metadata for your location by printing G:
> G <- gmeta6()
<source lang="rsplus">
G <- gmeta6()
</source>


=== Listing of existing maps ===
=== Listing of existing maps ===


List available vector maps:
List available vector maps:
execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect"))
<source lang="rsplus">
execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect"))
</source>


List selected vector maps (wildcard):
List selected vector maps (wildcard):
execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect", pattern = "precip*"))
<source lang="rsplus">
execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect", pattern = "precip*"))
</source>


Save selected vector maps into R vector:
Save selected vector maps into R vector:
my_vmaps <- execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect", pattern = "precip*"))
<source lang="rsplus">
attributes(my_vmaps)
my_vmaps <- execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect", pattern = "precip*"))
attributes(my_vmaps)$resOut
attributes(my_vmaps)
attributes(my_vmaps)$resOut
</source>


List available raster maps:
List available raster maps:
execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "rast"))
<source lang="rsplus">
execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "rast"))
</source>


List selected raster maps (wildcard):
List selected raster maps (wildcard):
execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "rast", pattern = "lsat7_2000*"))
<source lang="rsplus">
execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "rast", pattern = "lsat7_2000*"))
</source>


=== Reading in data ===
=== Reading in data ===
Read in two raster maps (Spearfish sample dataset):
Read in two raster maps (Spearfish sample dataset):
> spear <- readRAST6(c("geology", "elevation.dem"),
<source lang="rsplus">
            cat=c(TRUE, FALSE), ignore.stderr=TRUE,
spear <- readRAST6(c("geology", "elevation.dem"), cat=c(TRUE, FALSE), ignore.stderr=TRUE, plugin=NULL)
            plugin=NULL)
</source>


The metadata are accessed and available, but are not (yet) used to structure the ''sp'' class objects, here a SpatialGridDataFrame object filled with data from two Spearfish layers. Here is a plot of the elevation data:
The metadata are accessed and available, but are not (yet) used to structure the ''sp'' class objects, here a SpatialGridDataFrame object filled with data from two Spearfish layers. Here is a plot of the elevation data:
> image(spear, attr = 2, col = terrain.colors(20))
<source lang="rsplus">
image(spear, attr = 2, col = terrain.colors(20))
</source>


Add a title to the plot:
Add a title to the plot:
> title("Spearfish elevation")
<source lang="rsplus">
title("Spearfish elevation")
</source>


[[Image:R_stats_elev.png|center]]
[[Image:R_stats_elev.png|center]]


In addition, we can show what is going on inside the objects read into R:
In addition, we can show what is going on inside the objects read into R:
> '''str(G)'''
<source lang="rsplus">
<pre>
str(G)
List of 26
List of 26
  $ GISDBASE    : chr "/home/rsb/topics/grassdata"
  $ GISDBASE    : chr "/home/rsb/topics/grassdata"
Line 81: Line 105:
  $ depths      : int 1
  $ depths      : int 1
  $ proj4        : chr "+proj=utm +zone=13 +a=6378206.4 +rf=294.9786982 +no_defs +nadgrids=/home/rsb/topics/grass61/grass-6.1.cvs/etc/nad/conus"
  $ proj4        : chr "+proj=utm +zone=13 +a=6378206.4 +rf=294.9786982 +no_defs +nadgrids=/home/rsb/topics/grass61/grass-6.1.cvs/etc/nad/conus"
</pre>


> '''summary(spear)'''
summary(spear)
<pre>
Object of class SpatialGridDataFrame
Object of class SpatialGridDataFrame
Coordinates:
Coordinates:
Line 107: Line 128:
  (Other)  :37636  Max.  : 1840   
  (Other)  :37636  Max.  : 1840   
  NA's    : 8950  NA's  :10101   
  NA's    : 8950  NA's  :10101   
</pre>
</source>


=== Summarizing data ===
=== Summarizing data ===


We can create a table of cell counts:
We can create a table of cell counts:
> '''table(spear$geology)'''
<source lang="rsplus">
table(spear$geology)
</source>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!metamorphic
!metamorphic
Line 136: Line 159:


And compare with the equivalent GRASS module:
And compare with the equivalent GRASS module:
> '''execGRASS("r.stats", flags=c("c", "l"), parameters=list(input="geology"), ignore.stderr=TRUE)'''
<source lang="rsplus">
execGRASS("r.stats", flags=c("c", "l"), parameters=list(input="geology"), ignore.stderr=TRUE)
</source>
<pre>
<pre>
1 metamorphic 11693
1 metamorphic 11693
Line 152: Line 177:


Create a box plot of geologic types at different elevations:
Create a box plot of geologic types at different elevations:
> '''boxplot(spear$elevation.dem ~ spear$geology, medlwd = 1)'''
<source lang="rsplus">
boxplot(spear$elevation.dem ~ spear$geology, medlwd = 1)
</source>


[[Image:R_stats_boxplot_geo.png|center]]
[[Image:R_stats_boxplot_geo.png|center]]
Line 161: Line 188:


First prepare some data:  (square root of elevation)
First prepare some data:  (square root of elevation)
> spear$sqdem <- sqrt(spear$elevation.dem)
 
<source lang="rsplus">
spear$sqdem <- sqrt(spear$elevation.dem)
</source>


Export data from ''R'' back into a GRASS raster map:
Export data from ''R'' back into a GRASS raster map:
> writeRAST6(spear, "sqdemSP", zcol="sqdem", ignore.stderr=TRUE)
<source lang="rsplus">
writeRAST6(spear, "sqdemSP", zcol="sqdem", ignore.stderr=TRUE)
</source>


Check that it imported into GRASS ok:
Check that it imported into GRASS ok:
> '''execGRASS("r.info", parameters=list(map="sqdemSP"))'''
<source lang="rsplus">
 
execGRASS("r.info", parameters=list(map="sqdemSP"))
</source>
<pre>
<pre>
  +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Line 202: Line 235:


v.krige is a GRASS python script (Addon) which performs kriging operations in the GRASS environment, using R functions for the back-end interpolation. It is present in GRASS 6.5svn, and further developed in GRASS 7svn. It requires a number of dependencies: '''python-rpy2''' (''needs to be "Rpy2", "Rpy" will not do'' unless it is rpy 2.x), then the following R-CRAN packages:
v.krige is a GRASS python script (Addon) which performs kriging operations in the GRASS environment, using R functions for the back-end interpolation. It is present in GRASS 6.5svn, and further developed in GRASS 7svn. It requires a number of dependencies: '''python-rpy2''' (''needs to be "Rpy2", "Rpy" will not do'' unless it is rpy 2.x), then the following R-CRAN packages:
<source lang="rsplus">
* gstat, spgrass6 (as above)
* gstat, spgrass6 (as above)
  install.packages(c("gstat","spgrass6"))
  install.packages(c("gstat","spgrass6"))
Line 209: Line 243:
  install.packages("automap")
  install.packages("automap")
  install.packages("rgeos")
  install.packages("rgeos")
</source>
== GRASS within R ==
To call GRASS GIS 6 functionality from R, use the initGRASS() function to define the GRASS settings:
<source lang="rsplus">
    library(spgrass6)
   
    # initialisation and the use of spearfish60 data
    initGRASS(gisBase = "/usr/local/grass-6.4.1", home = tempdir(),
              gisDbase = "/home/neteler/grassdata/",
              location = "spearfish60", mapset = "user1", SG="elevation.dem",
              override = TRUE)
   
    system("g.region -d")
    # verify
    gmeta6()
   
    spear <- readRAST6(c("geology", "elevation.dem"),
              cat=c(TRUE, FALSE), ignore.stderr=TRUE,
              plugin=NULL)
   
    summary(spear$geology)
</source>
Run this script with
<source lang="bash">
R CMD BATCH batch.R
</source>
The result is (shorted here):
<source lang="bash">
cat batch.Rout
</source>
<source lang="rsplus">   
    R version 2.10.0 (2009-10-26)
    Copyright (C) 2009 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
    ISBN 3-900051-07-0
    ...
    > library(spgrass6)
    Loading required package: sp
    Loading required package: rgdal
    Geospatial Data Abstraction Library extensions to R successfully loaded
    Loaded GDAL runtime: GDAL 1.7.2, released 2010/04/23
    Path to GDAL shared files: /usr/local/share/gdal
    Loaded PROJ.4 runtime: Rel. 4.7.1, 23 September 2009
    Path to PROJ.4 shared files: (autodetected)
    Loading required package: XML
    GRASS GIS interface loaded with GRASS version: (GRASS not running)
    >
    > # initialisation and the use of spearfish60 data
    > initGRASS(gisBase = "/usr/local/grass-6.4.1", home = tempdir(), gisDbase = "/home/neteler/grassdata/",
    +          location = "spearfish60", mapset = "user1", SG="elevation.dem", override = TRUE)
    gisdbase    /home/neteler/grassdata/
    location    spearfish60
    mapset      user1
    rows        477
    columns    634
    north      4928010
    south      4913700
    west        589980
    east        609000
    nsres      30
    ewres      30
    projection  +proj=utm +zone=13 +a=6378206.4 +rf=294.9786982 +no_defs
    +nadgrids=/usr/local/grass-6.4.1/etc/nad/conus +to_meter=1.0
    Warning messages:
    1: In dir.create(gisDbase) : '/home/neteler/grassdata' already exists
    2: In dir.create(loc_path) :
      '/home/neteler/grassdata//spearfish60' already exists
    >
    > system("g.region -d")
    > # verify
    > gmeta6()
    gisdbase    /home/neteler/grassdata/
    location    spearfish60
    mapset      user1
    rows        477
    columns    634
    north      4928010
    ...
    >
    > spear <- readRAST6(c("geology", "elevation.dem"),
    +          cat=c(TRUE, FALSE), ignore.stderr=TRUE,
    +          plugin=NULL)
    >
    > summary(spear$geology)
    metamorphic  transition    igneous  sandstone  limestone      shale
          11693        142      36534      74959      61355      46423
    sandy shale    claysand        sand        NA's
          11266      14535      36561        8950
    >
    >
    > proc.time()
      user  system elapsed
      2.891  0.492  3.412
</source>


[[Category:FAQ]]
[[Category:FAQ]]

Latest revision as of 18:02, 15 September 2016

This page refers to the usage of R within a GRASS GIS 6 session and the use of GRASS GIS 6 within an R session. (see also R_statistics/rgrass7)

R within GRASS

Startup

  • First start a GRASS session. Then, at the GRASS command line start R.
In this example we will use the sample Spearfish dataset.

Reset the region settings to the defaults 

GRASS> g.region -d

Launch R from the GRASS prompt 

GRASS> R

Load the spgrass6 library: 

library(spgrass6)

Get the GRASS environment (mapset, region, map projection, etc.); you can display the metadata for your location by printing G: 

G <- gmeta6()

Listing of existing maps

List available vector maps: 

execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect"))

List selected vector maps (wildcard): 

execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect", pattern = "precip*"))

Save selected vector maps into R vector: 

my_vmaps <- execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "vect", pattern = "precip*"))
attributes(my_vmaps)
attributes(my_vmaps)$resOut

List available raster maps: 

execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "rast"))

List selected raster maps (wildcard): 

execGRASS("g.list", parameters = list(type = "rast", pattern = "lsat7_2000*"))

Reading in data

Read in two raster maps (Spearfish sample dataset): 

spear <- readRAST6(c("geology", "elevation.dem"), cat=c(TRUE, FALSE), ignore.stderr=TRUE, plugin=NULL)

The metadata are accessed and available, but are not (yet) used to structure the sp class objects, here a SpatialGridDataFrame object filled with data from two Spearfish layers. Here is a plot of the elevation data: 

image(spear, attr = 2, col = terrain.colors(20))

Add a title to the plot: 

title("Spearfish elevation")

In addition, we can show what is going on inside the objects read into R: 

str(G)
List of 26
 $ GISDBASE     : chr "/home/rsb/topics/grassdata"
 $ LOCATION_NAME: chr "spearfish57"
 $ MAPSET       : chr "rsb"
 $ DEBUG        : chr "0"
 $ GRASS_GUI    : chr "text"
 $ projection   : chr "1 (UTM)"
 $ zone         : chr "13"
 $ datum        : chr "nad27"
 $ ellipsoid    : chr "clark66"
 $ north        : num 4928010
 $ south        : num 4913700
 $ west         : num 589980
 $ east         : num 609000
 $ top          : num 1
 $ bottom       : num 0
 $ nsres        : num 30
 $ nsres3       : num 30
 $ ewres        : num 30
 $ ewres3       : num 30
 $ tbres        : num 1
 $ rows         : int 477
 $ rows3        : int 477
 $ cols         : int 634
 $ cols3        : int 634
 $ depths       : int 1
 $ proj4        : chr "+proj=utm +zone=13 +a=6378206.4 +rf=294.9786982 +no_defs +nadgrids=/home/rsb/topics/grass61/grass-6.1.cvs/etc/nad/conus"

summary(spear)
Object of class SpatialGridDataFrame
Coordinates:
              min     max
coords.x1  589980  609000
coords.x2 4913700 4928010
Is projected: TRUE 
proj4string : [+proj=utm +zone=13 +a=6378206.4 +rf=294.9786982 +no_defs +nadgrids=/home/rsb/topics/grass61/grass-6.1.cvs/etc/nad/conus]
Number of points: 2
Grid attributes:
  cellcentre.offset cellsize cells.dim
1            589995       30       634
2           4913715       30       477
Data attributes:
      geology      elevation.dem  
 sandstone:74959   Min.   : 1066  
 limestone:61355   1st Qu.: 1200  
 shale    :46423   Median : 1316  
 sand     :36561   Mean   : 1354  
 igneous  :36534   3rd Qu.: 1488  
 (Other)  :37636   Max.   : 1840  
 NA's     : 8950   NA's   :10101

Summarizing data

We can create a table of cell counts: 

table(spear$geology)
metamorphic transition igneous sandstone limestone shale sandy shale claysand sand
11693 142 36534 74959 61355 46423 11266 14535 36561

And compare with the equivalent GRASS module: 

execGRASS("r.stats", flags=c("c", "l"), parameters=list(input="geology"), ignore.stderr=TRUE)
1 metamorphic 11693
2 transition 142
3 igneous 36534
4 sandstone 74959
5 limestone 61355
6 shale 46423
7 sandy shale 11266
8 claysand 14535
9 sand 36561
* no data 8950


Create a box plot of geologic types at different elevations: 

boxplot(spear$elevation.dem ~ spear$geology, medlwd = 1)

Exporting data back to GRASS

Finally, a SpatialGridDataFrame object is written back to a GRASS raster map:

First prepare some data: (square root of elevation) 

spear$sqdem <- sqrt(spear$elevation.dem)

Export data from R back into a GRASS raster map: 

writeRAST6(spear, "sqdemSP", zcol="sqdem", ignore.stderr=TRUE)

Check that it imported into GRASS ok: 

execGRASS("r.info", parameters=list(map="sqdemSP"))
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Layer:    sqdemSP                        Date: Sun May 14 21:59:26 2006    |
 | Mapset:   rsb                            Login of Creator: rsb             |
 | Location: spearfish57                                                      |
 | DataBase: /home/rsb/topics/grassdata                                       |
 | Title:     ( sqdemSP )                                                     |
 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |                                                                            |
 |   Type of Map:  raster              Number of Categories: 255              |
 |   Data Type:    FCELL                                                      |
 |   Rows:         477                                                        |
 |   Columns:      634                                                        |
 |   Total Cells:  302418                                                     |
 |        Projection: UTM (zone 13)                                           |
 |            N:    4928010    S:    4913700   Res:    30                     |
 |            E:     609000    W:     589980   Res:    30                     |
 |   Range of data:    min =  32.649654 max = 42.895222                       |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Source:                                                             |
 |                                                                            |
 |                                                                            |
 |                                                                            |
 |   Data Description:                                                        |
 |    generated by r.in.gdal                                                  |
 |                                                                            |
 |                                                                            |
 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

v.krige usage example

v.krige is a GRASS python script (Addon) which performs kriging operations in the GRASS environment, using R functions for the back-end interpolation. It is present in GRASS 6.5svn, and further developed in GRASS 7svn. It requires a number of dependencies: python-rpy2 (needs to be "Rpy2", "Rpy" will not do unless it is rpy 2.x), then the following R-CRAN packages: 

* gstat, spgrass6 (as above)
 install.packages(c("gstat","spgrass6"))
* maptools
 install.packages("maptools")
* automap (optional), with gpclib (or rgeos)
 install.packages("automap")
 install.packages("rgeos")

GRASS within R

To call GRASS GIS 6 functionality from R, use the initGRASS() function to define the GRASS settings: 

    library(spgrass6)
    
    # initialisation and the use of spearfish60 data
    initGRASS(gisBase = "/usr/local/grass-6.4.1", home = tempdir(), 
              gisDbase = "/home/neteler/grassdata/",
              location = "spearfish60", mapset = "user1", SG="elevation.dem",
              override = TRUE)
    
    system("g.region -d")
    # verify
    gmeta6()
    
    spear <- readRAST6(c("geology", "elevation.dem"),
              cat=c(TRUE, FALSE), ignore.stderr=TRUE,
              plugin=NULL)
    
    summary(spear$geology)

Run this script with 

R CMD BATCH batch.R

The result is (shorted here): 

cat batch.Rout

    
    R version 2.10.0 (2009-10-26)
    Copyright (C) 2009 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
    ISBN 3-900051-07-0
    ...
    > library(spgrass6)
    Loading required package: sp
    Loading required package: rgdal
    Geospatial Data Abstraction Library extensions to R successfully loaded
    Loaded GDAL runtime: GDAL 1.7.2, released 2010/04/23
    Path to GDAL shared files: /usr/local/share/gdal
    Loaded PROJ.4 runtime: Rel. 4.7.1, 23 September 2009
    Path to PROJ.4 shared files: (autodetected)
    Loading required package: XML
    GRASS GIS interface loaded with GRASS version: (GRASS not running)
    > 
    > # initialisation and the use of spearfish60 data
    > initGRASS(gisBase = "/usr/local/grass-6.4.1", home = tempdir(), gisDbase = "/home/neteler/grassdata/",
    +           location = "spearfish60", mapset = "user1", SG="elevation.dem", override = TRUE)
    gisdbase    /home/neteler/grassdata/ 
    location    spearfish60 
    mapset      user1 
    rows        477 
    columns     634 
    north       4928010 
    south       4913700 
    west        589980 
    east        609000 
    nsres       30 
    ewres       30 
    projection  +proj=utm +zone=13 +a=6378206.4 +rf=294.9786982 +no_defs
    +nadgrids=/usr/local/grass-6.4.1/etc/nad/conus +to_meter=1.0 
    Warning messages:
    1: In dir.create(gisDbase) : '/home/neteler/grassdata' already exists
    2: In dir.create(loc_path) :
      '/home/neteler/grassdata//spearfish60' already exists
    > 
    > system("g.region -d")
    > # verify
    > gmeta6()
    gisdbase    /home/neteler/grassdata/ 
    location    spearfish60 
    mapset      user1 
    rows        477 
    columns     634 
    north       4928010 
    ...
    > 
    > spear <- readRAST6(c("geology", "elevation.dem"),
    +           cat=c(TRUE, FALSE), ignore.stderr=TRUE,
    +           plugin=NULL)
    > 
    > summary(spear$geology)
    metamorphic  transition     igneous   sandstone   limestone       shale 
          11693         142       36534       74959       61355       46423 
    sandy shale    claysand        sand        NA's 
          11266       14535       36561        8950 
    > 
    > 
    > proc.time()
       user  system elapsed 
      2.891   0.492   3.412
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