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== How to do compilation and installation of GRASS 6? ==
<!-- {{MoveToTrac}} -->


Here we explain the procedure to compile GRASS from CVS, but it also applies to official GRASS 6 releases.
'''Disclaimer''': This page explains how to turn the GRASS GIS source code into an installable binary package ("compilation") for different operating systems. If you just want to get ready-to-use binaries, go [https://grass.osgeo.org/download/ here], otherwise read on...
 
== How to do compilation and installation of GRASS GIS? ==
 
Here we explain the procedure to compile GRASS from GitHub, but it also applies to official GRASS 7 releases.


''For installation of precompiled binary packages, see the main [[Installation Guide]].''
''For installation of precompiled binary packages, see the main [[Installation Guide]].''


For detailed information on compilation, please see the [http://grass.itc.it/grass61/source/INSTALL INSTALL] file in the source code.
For detailed information on compilation, please see the [https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/blob/master/INSTALL INSTALL] file in the source code.


=== Prerequisites ===
=== Prerequisites ===


GRASS needs at least two extra libraries: PROJ and GDAL/OGR
==== Extra libraries ====
GRASS GIS needs at least two extra libraries: PROJ and GDAL/OGR. It is recommended to download them as ready-to-use packages for your software platform (Linux distribution, Windows, Mac...).
 
Other libraries needed to run GRASS are listed on the [http://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/blob/master/REQUIREMENTS.html requirements page].
 
To compile, you will also need the respective "-devel" packages; see below for details.


''Note: if you want to have DBMS support in GDAL (subsequently in GRASS) you have to perform the "Optional" steps below as well.''
==== Download GRASS GIS source code ====


* [http://proj.maptools.org PROJ4] for management of projections (with proj-datumgrid-1.3.zip support)
First, [https://grass.osgeo.org/download/ download the GRASS GIS source code].
* Optional: [http://geos.refractions.net GEOS]
* Optional: [http://www.postgresql.org PostgreSQL], [http://www.mysql.org mySQL], [http://www.unixodbc.org unixODBC], [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite] (SQLite is needed for QGIS)
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL/OGR] for reading and writing various GIS data formats (interoperability)


You have to install these two libraries '''first'''.
=== Generic Compilation and installation procedure ===


It is easiest to obtain a prepackaged version of these libraries (e.g., .rpm; .deb) for your particular operating system and run the corresponding package installation (e.g., rpm -Uhv packagename.rpm; apt-get) in a terminal window. Take care to also install the development packages of these libraries (...-devel packages). If there is no prepackage version, then you will have to download the source code (see links above, source code packages usually ends in .tar.gz or .zip) and compile it (you must have a C compiler installed as part of your operating system). The Web sites show the steps to compile the libraries.
* It is wise that compilation processes are carried out as a normal user: If you want to get the source code in a place where you do not have write permissions (e.g. in /usr/local/src/) just follow this:
      cd /usr/local/src/
      su -c 'mkdir grass7'
      su -c 'chown yourlogin:yourgroup grass7'


Otherwise if you have permissions just continue as a normal user:
      mkdir $HOME/src
      cd $HOME/src/
      git clone https://github.com/OSGeo/grass.git grass_master


Other libraries needed to run GRASS are listed here: [http://grass.itc.it/grass63/source/REQUIREMENTS.html REQUIREMENTS]. To compile, you will also need the respective "-devel" packages.
* run configure with parameters to adapt the compile process to your own system. To see what options can be passed to it, run:
./configure --help | less


=== Generic Compilation and installation procedure ===


* checkout the grass6 module from cvs (read http://grass.itc.it/faq/cvs_howto.html grass CVS howto instructions)
<!-- The minimum set of configure parameters is  
* It is wise that compilation processes are carried out as a normal user: If you want to get the source code in a place where  you do not have write permissions (e.g. in /usr/local/src/cvs) just follow this:
       ./configure ### -->
      cd /usr/local/src/cvs
It may (!) look like this:
      su -c 'mkdir grass6'
      su -c 'chown yourlogin:yourgroup grass6'
* do a checkout (co) of the repository
      cvs -z3 co grass6
* in the grass6 directory, you will find the precious INSTALL file, open it with your favourite pager/editor and read it carefully!
* run configure with parameters to adapt the compile process to your own system. To see what options can be passed to it, run configure --help. The minimum set of configure parameters is (refers to GRASS 6 from CVS, not to 6.x release):
       ./configure ### It may (!) look like this:
       ./configure \
       ./configure \
           --with-cxx \
           --with-cxx \
           --with-sqlite \
           --with-sqlite \
           --with-postgres-libs=/usr/include/pgsql/libpq \
           --with-python \
           --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \
          --with-geos \
          --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
           --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
           --with-freetype \
           --with-freetype \
           --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
           --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
           --with-motif \
           --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj
          --with-glw \
          --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj


You may have to explicitly state the path for certain packages (i.e., gdal). The Unix 'locate' command will come in handy for finding the path of the package you need (you may have to run locate as root ex: sudo locate gdal-config).
You may have to explicitly state the path for certain packages (i.e., gdal). The Unix 'locate' command will come in handy for finding the path of the package you need (you may have to run locate as root ex: sudo locate gdal-config).


Please note that the paths mentioned may widely vary due to the distribution used. At the end of configuration process you should get report not much different from this:
Please note that the paths mentioned may widely vary due to the distribution used.
See [[Compile_and_Install#Platform_Specific_Notes|Platform Specific Notes]] below.
 
Depending on your needs it may be a good idea to include debugging hooks.
: See [[GRASS_Debugging#Compile_Time_Setup]].
CFLAGS="-ggdb -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration" ./configure ...
 
 
At the end of configuration process you should get report not much different from this:


GRASS is now configured for:  i686-pc-linux-gnu
  GRASS is now configured for:  x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
 
Source directory:           /usr/src/grass6
  Source directory:           /home/user/software/grass_master
Build directory:             /usr/src/grass6
  Build directory:           /home/user/software/grass_master
Installation directory:     /usr/local/grass-6.1.cvs
  Installation directory:     ${prefix}/grass79
Startup script in directory: ${exec_prefix}/bin
  Startup script in directory:${exec_prefix}/bin
C compiler:                 gcc -g -O2
  C compiler:                 gcc -O2 -march=native -std=gnu99 -fexceptions -fstack-protector -m64 -fdiagnostics-color
C++ compiler:               c++ -g -O2
  C++ compiler:               c++ -g -Wall
  FORTRAN compiler:             
  Building shared libraries: yes
Building shared libraries:   yes
  OpenGL platform:            X11
64bit support:               no
    
  MacOSX application:         no
   NVIZ:                       yes
  MacOSX architectures:     
   MacOSX SDK:                
   BLAS support:              no
 
   BLAS support:              yes
  BZIP2 support:              no
   C++ support:                yes
   C++ support:                yes
  Cairo support:              yes
   DWG support:                no
   DWG support:                no
  FFMPEG support:            no
   FFTW support:              yes
   FFTW support:              yes
   FreeType support:          yes
   FreeType support:          yes
   GDAL support:              yes
   GDAL support:              yes
   GLw support:                no
   GEOS support:              yes
  JPEG support:              yes
   [...]
  LAPACK support:            no
 
  Large File Support (LFS):  no
  Motif support:              no
  MySQL support:              no
  NLS support:                no
  ODBC support:              no
  OGR support:                yes
  OpenGL(R) support:          yes
  PNG support:                yes
  PostgreSQL support:        yes
  Readline support:          no
  SQLite support:            no
  Tcl/Tk support:            yes
  TIFF support:              yes
   X11 support:                yes
 
* Let's compile it (takes a little while...)!
* Let's compile it (takes a little while...)!
       make
       make -j2
* At the end, you should get report not much different from this:
* At the end, you should get report not much different from this:
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Line 99: Line 101:
  GRASS GIS compilation log
  GRASS GIS compilation log
  -------------------------
  -------------------------
  Started compilation: Ne kvě 28 13:18:43 CEST 2006
  Started compilation: Mon 19 Aug 2019 10:47:57 PM CEST
  --
  --
  Errors in:
  Errors in:
No errors detected.
  --
  --
  Finished compilation: Ne kvě 28 13:43:40 CEST 2006
  Finished compilation: Mon 19 Aug 2019 10:55:12 PM CEST
  (In case of errors please change into the directory with error and run 'make')
  (In case of errors please change into the directory with error and run 'make')


* If there is any error, change directory to directory with error and run "make" again. Report occuring bug to grass mailing list
* If there is any error, change directory to directory with error and run "make" again. Report occurring bug to GRASS mailing list
* Once the installation process is finished, you're ready to install GRASS system wide.
* Once the installation process is finished, you're ready to install GRASS system wide.
       su -c 'make install'
       su -c 'make install'
* enjoy GRASS:  
* enjoy GRASS:  
       grass61
       grass79


=== What else? ===
=== What else? ===
Line 117: Line 120:
from other application using GDAL/OGR like [http://thuban.intevation.de thuban].
from other application using GDAL/OGR like [http://thuban.intevation.de thuban].
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (enables QGIS to read GRASS data directly)
* [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]] (enables QGIS to read GRASS data directly)
=== Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin ===
* See [[Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin]]


=== Platform Specific Notes ===
=== Platform Specific Notes ===


==== Debian ====
==== Linux ====
 
Linux comes in various flavours, i.e. distributions.
 
===== Distribution related packaging =====
 
* Archlinux: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/grass
* Centos: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/grass
* Debian: https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DebianUbuntuPackaging
* EPEL: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/grass
* Fedora: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/grass
* Ubuntu: https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DebianUbuntuPackaging
 
===== Alpine Linux =====
 
<source lang="bash">
# install compiler tools and libraries
apk add build-base bzip2-dev cairo-dev fftw-dev freetype-dev g++ gcc gdal-dev geos-dev git \
        gnutls-dev libc6-compat libjpeg-turbo-dev libpng-dev make openjpeg-dev openblas-dev \
        postgresql-dev proj-dev python3-dev py3-numpy-dev sqlite-dev tar tiff-dev unzip vim \
        wget zip zstd-dev
 
# install needed tools and libraries when using GRASS GIS
apk add attr bash bison bzip2 cairo curl fftw flex freetype gdal gdal-tools gettext geos gnutls \
        jsoncpp libbz2 libexecinfo libjpeg-turbo libpng libunwind musl musl-utils ncurses openjpeg \
        openblas py3-numpy py3-pillow py3-six postgresql proj-datumgrid proj-util sqlite sqlite-libs \
        subversion tiff zstd zstd-libs
 
# get source code
cd ~
wget -c https://grass.osgeo.org/grass78/source/snapshot/grass-7.8.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz
 
# unpack
tar xvfz grass-7.8.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz
rm -f grass-7.8.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz
 
# change into source code (update path name as needed)
cd grass-7.8.git_src_snapshot_2021_05_01/
 
# minimal configuration
./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-geos \
  --with-sqlite \
  --without-nls \
  --without-wxwidgets \
  --without-fftw \
  --without-cairo \
  --without-freetype \
  --enable-largefile \
  --without-opengl \
  --without-odbc
 
# compilation
nice make -j2
</source>
 
===== Archlinux =====
You can install GRASS GIS for Archlinux distribution based like Archlinux, Manjaro, EndeavourOS ...
 
* <big>'''Easiest method : use a prebuilt package using arch4edu repository'''</big>
''"Arch4edu is a community repository for Arch Linux and Arch Linux ARM that strives to provide the latest versions of most software used by college students."''
 
 
1. Add Arch4edu repository. Follow instructions from official documentation:
 
https://github.com/arch4edu/arch4edu/wiki/Add-arch4edu-to-your-Archlinux
 
2. Refresh packages list with
pacman -Syyu
 
3. Install GRASS package
 
pacman -S grass
 
 
* <big>'''Advanced method : use AUR (Arch User Repository) package'''</big>
Up-to-date links to Archlinux GRASS PKGBUILDs are on Arch User Repository.
PKGBUILD downloads and builds automatically sources from https://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/linux/.
 
You can use an AUR helper like ''pamac'', ''yay'', among others ... More info through this link https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers
 
Exemple with ''yay'':
yay -S grass
 
 
* <big>'''Expert method : compile from source code'''</big>
If you want to compile it yourself, you could follow steps below :
 
''(As an alternative it is recommended to download PKGBUILD from AUR and then customize to your needs)''
 
Install dependencies :
pacman -S bzip2 cairo fftw fontconfig freetype2 gcc-libs gdal geos glibc glu libpng libtiff libx11 libgl netcdf pdal proj python-gdal python-numpy python-pillow python-wxpython readline zlib zstd
 
Download and extract sources : https://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/
 
We can now start building GRASS
 
export PATH=~/usr/bin:$PATH && \
  ./configure \
    --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
    --with-wxwidgets \
    --with-readline \
    --with-pthread \
    --with-netcdf \
    --with-nls \
    --with-geos \
    --with-postgres \
    --with-pdal=/usr/include/pdal \
    --with-bzlib \
    --with-zstd
 
Now let's compile and install it
 
make
make install
 
It's done, you can enjoy GRASS in Arch, just type "grass" in the terminal to launch it or look for grass in your menu.
 
 
 
===== Generic procedure for Debian-based distributions (Ubuntu, ...) =====
 
WORK IN PROGRESS
 
1. Install official GRASS package
 
sudo apt install grass grass-dev
 
2. Enable source code download
 
# do backup first
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.orig
sudo sed -i '/^#\sdeb-src /s/^# *//' /etc/apt/sources.list
 
3. Install GRASS dependencies
 
sudo apt build-dep grass
 
4. Download GRASS source code
 
git clone https://github.com/osgeo/grass
 
5. Compile GRASS from source code
cd grass
 
Configure:
 
grass --config build | sh
 
Optionally install missing dependecies (can happen when official GRASS package is not compatible with GRASS master), eg.
 
sudo apt install libzstd-dev
 
Compile:
 
make -j2
 
6. Run locally or install
 
./bin.x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/grass79 --version
 
or
 
sudo make install
grass79 --version
 
===== Debian =====
 
* Official [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianGis DebianGIS] packaging control files, available on git server:
  git://git.debian.org/git/pkg-grass/grass.git
 
  http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-grass/grass.git/
 
<!-- commented old stuff (G6)
====== GRASS 6.1 on Debian Sarge ======
 
* [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/debiangisfiles#compile Compiling GRASS 6.1-CVS on Debian/OldStable (aka 3.1, Sarge)]
 
====== GRASS 6.4 on Debian Lenny ======
 
Install needed packages:
  apt-get install flex bison libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev lesstif2-dev debhelper dpatch libtiff4-dev \
          tcl-dev tk-dev libfftw3-dev libxmu-dev libfreetype6-dev autoconf2.13 autotools-dev doxygen \
          libmysqlclient15-dev graphviz libsqlite3-dev python-wxgtk2.8 libcairo2-dev libwxgtk2.8-dev \
          python-dev libgdal1-dev  libgdal1-1.5.0 libproj-dev libproj0 proj-bin proj-data mysql
 
# Important: avoid using CFLAGS="... -Werror-implicit-function-declaration" (also on later Debian versions), see {{trac|1684}}
 
Configure:
  ./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
  --with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql \
  --with-odbc \
  --with-cairo \
  --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.4/ \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-motif --with-fftw --with-nls --with-python \
  --with-x --x-libraries=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
 
Compile:
  make
 
Install:
  sudo make install
 
====== GRASS 6.4 on Debian Jessie ======
 
Install needed packages:
  apt-get install flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
    python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev tcl-dev tk-dev \
    libfreetype6-dev libgdal1h libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \
    libncurses5-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev \
    libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
    libproj-dev proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk3.0 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev \
    netcdf-bin libnetcdf-dev libatlas-dev libgegl-dev doxygen postgresql mysql-server \
    libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev libgeotiff-epsg libxmu-dev libxt-dev libx11-dev
 
# Important: avoid using CFLAGS="... -Werror-implicit-function-declaration" (also on later Debian versions), see {{trac|1684}}
 
Configure:
  ./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-postgres \
  --with-odbc \
  --with-cairo \
  --with-geos \
  --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.6/ \
  --with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-motif \
  --with-fftw \
  --with-nls \
  --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
  --with-python \
  --with-x --x-libraries=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
 
Compile:
  make
 
Install:
  sudo make install
 
====== GRASS 7 on Debian Squeeze ======
 
Install needed packages:
apt-get install flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev python-dev \
    g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev \
    libgdal1 libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \
    libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff4-dev \
    libwxgtk2.8-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
    proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk2.8 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev
 
Download source code:
 
svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass_trunk
 
Configure:
cd grass_trunk/
CFLAGS="-Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
CXXFLAGS="-Wall"  \
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local \
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
  --without-tcltk \
  --with-cxx \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python2.6-config --with-wxwidgets \
  --with-geos --with-pthread
 
Compile:
  make
 
Install:
  sudo make install  # installs as /usr/local/bin/grass72
 
====== GRASS 7 on Debian Wheezy ======
 
Install needed packages:
 
# note: cmake and libboost-all-dev only needed for optional libLAS
sudo apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
  python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev \
  libgdal1 libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libncurses5-dev libproj-dev \
  libreadline-dev libtiff4-dev libwxgtk2.8-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers \
  libxt-dev mesa-common-dev proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk2.8 subversion wx-common \
  zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin libatlas-dev libgegl-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
  libsqlite3-dev postgresql python-sphinx python-gdal
 
Download and Install libLAS
wget http://download.osgeo.org/liblas/libLAS-1.7.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf libLAS-1.7.0.tar.gz
cd libLAS-1.7.0/
mkdir makefiles
cd makefiles
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" ../
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
cd ../..
 
Download of GRASS GIS 7 source code:
wget http://grass.osgeo.org/grass78/source/grass-7.8.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf grass-7.8.0.tar.gz
 
Configure:
cd grass-7.0.0
CFLAGS="-g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" CXXFLAGS="-g -Wall" \
./configure \
    --prefix=/usr/local \
    --with-gdal \
    --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
    --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
    --with-cxx --enable-largefile \
    --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
    --with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
    --with-wxwidgets --with-geos --with-blas \
    --with-lapack-includes=/usr/lib/lapack --with-liblas=yes \
    --with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
    --with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=yes --with-postgres=yes \
    --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
    --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql
#    --with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
#    --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql \
 
GRASS GIS 7 is now configured (example):
 
  Source directory:          /home/user/grass-7.0.0
  Build directory:            /home/user/grass-7.0.0
  Installation directory:    ${prefix}/grass-7.0.0
  Startup script in directory:${exec_prefix}/bin
  C compiler:                gcc -g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused
  C++ compiler:              c++ -g -Wall
  Building shared libraries:  yes
  OpenGL platform:            X11
  MacOSX application:        no
  MacOSX architectures:     
  MacOSX SDK:               
  BLAS support:              yes
  C++ support:                yes
  Cairo support:              yes
  DWG support:                no
  FFTW support:              yes
  FreeType support:          yes
  GDAL support:              yes
  GEOS support:              yes
  LAPACK support:            no
  Large File support (LFS):  yes
  libLAS support:            yes
  MySQL support:              no
  NetCDF support:            yes
  NLS support:                yes
  ODBC support:              yes
  OGR support:                yes
  OpenCL support:            no
  OpenGL support:            yes
  OpenMP support:            yes
  PNG support:                yes
  POSIX thread support:      yes
  PostgreSQL support:        yes
  Readline support:          yes
  Regex support:              yes
  SQLite support:            yes
  TIFF support:              yes
  wxWidgets support:          yes
  X11 support:                no
 
Compile:
make -j2
 
Install:
sudo make install  # installs as /usr/local/bin/grass70
 
Launch:
grass70
 
====== GRASS 7 on Debian Jessie ======
 
Install needed packages:
sudo apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 \
    autotools-dev python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev \
    libfreetype6-dev libgdal1h libgdal1-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev \
    libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev \
    libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
    proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk3.0 subversion wx-common zlib1g-dev \
    netcdf-bin libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev  doxygen python-sphinx \
    postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev mysql-server \
    libatlas-dev liblapack3gf liblapack-dev
    # opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1  liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python-gdal
 
Download and compile libLAS (or simply install 'liblas-c-dev ', see above):
wget http://download.osgeo.org/liblas/libLAS-1.8.0.tar.bz2
tar xjf libLAS-1.8.0.tar.bz2
mkdir libLAS-1.8.0/makefiles
cd libLAS-1.8.0/makefiles
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" ../
make
sudo make install
 
Download and compile GRASS 7:
# (check there for later version)
wget http://grass.osgeo.org/grass74/source/grass-7.4.0.tar.gz
tar xzfv grass-7.4.0.tar.gz
cd grass-7.4.0
CFLAGS="-g -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
CXXFLAGS="-g -Wall"  \
./configure \
    --prefix=/usr/local \
    --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
    --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
    --with-cxx --enable-largefile \
    --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
    --with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
    --with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
    --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
    --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
    --with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
    --with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no --with-postgres=yes \
    --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
    --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql \
    --with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
    --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql
make -j2
 
Install:
sudo make install  # installs as /usr/local/bin/grass74
 
-->
 
====== GRASS 7 on Debian Stretch ======
(Updated from above with package changes required for Debian Stretch)
 
Install needed packages for GRASS 7.2 - 7.6:
  apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
    python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdal20 \
    libgdal-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev \
    libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
    proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk3.0 python-wxtools wx-common zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin \
    libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev  doxygen python-sphinx postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev \
    mariadb-server libatlas-dev liblapack3 liblapack-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
    subversion liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python-gdal libpdal-dev libpdal-plugin-python pdal
 
Install needed packages for GRASS 7.8+ (Python 3 support!):
  apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
    g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdal20 python3-dev \
    libgdal-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libgeos-c1v5 \
    libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
    proj-bin proj-data python3-numpy python3-six wx-common zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin \
    libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev  doxygen python3-sphinx postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev \
    libatlas-dev liblapack3 liblapack-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
    subversion liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python3-gdal libpdal-dev libpdal-plugin-python pdal
   
    # ? python3-wxgtk4.0 libmariadb
 
Download and unpack source code or fetch from GitHub: https://github.com/OSGeo/grass
 
Configuration:
 
  CFLAGS="-Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
  CXXFLAGS="-Wall"  \
  ./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local \
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
  --with-cxx --enable-largefile \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
  --with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
  --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
  --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
  --with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
  --with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no --with-postgres=yes \
  --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
  --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql \
  --with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql
 
Compile:
 
  make -j2
 
Install:
 
  make install
 
====== GRASS 7 on Debian Buster ======
 
-- To be updated --
 
Install needed packages for GRASS 7.8+ (Python 3 support!):
  apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
    g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdal20 python3-dev \
    libgdal-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libgeos-c1v5 \
    libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
    proj-bin proj-data python3-numpy python3-six wx-common zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin \
    libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev  doxygen python3-sphinx postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev \
    liblapack3 liblapack-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
    subversion liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python3-gdal libpdal-dev libpdal-plugin-python pdal \
    python3-wxgtk4.0 default-libmysqlclient-dev
 
Download and unpack GRASS GIS 7.8 source code or fetch from GitHub: https://github.com/OSGeo/grass
 
Configuration:
 
  CFLAGS="-Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
  CXXFLAGS="-Wall"  \
  ./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local \
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
  --with-cxx --enable-largefile \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
  --with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
  --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
  --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
  --with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
  --with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no --with-postgres=yes \
  --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
  --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql \
  --with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql
 
Compile:
 
  make -j2
 
Install:
 
  make install
 
====== GRASS 8 on Debian 11 (bullseye) ======
 
Install needed packages for GRASS 8.2:
  apt-get update && \
  apt-get install bison debhelper-compat dh-python doxygen fakeroot flex graphviz \
    libblas-dev libbz2-dev libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev \
    libgdal-dev libgeos-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libjpeg-dev liblapack-dev libmotif-dev \
    default-libmysqlclient-dev libncurses5-dev libnetcdf-dev libpng-dev libpq-dev \
    libproj-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff-dev libxmu-dev libzstd-dev \
    netcdf-bin pkg-config proj-bin python3 python3-dev python3-numpy python3-pil python3-ply \
    python3-six python3-wxgtk4.0 wget unixodbc-dev zlib1g-dev
 
 
Download and unpack GRASS GIS 8.2 source code (or fetch from GitHub: https://github.com/OSGeo/grass):
 
  wget https://grass.osgeo.org/grass82/source/grass-8.2-latest.tar.gz
  tar xvfz grass-8.2-latest.tar.gz
  cd grass-8.2.*
 
Configuration:
 
  CFLAGS="-Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
  CXXFLAGS="-Wall"  \
  ./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local \
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
  --with-cxx --enable-largefile \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
  --with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
  --with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
  --with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no
 
Compile:
 
  make -j2
 
Install:
 
  make install
 
===== Ubuntu =====
 
There is a dedicated page on how to [[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu | Compile the GRASS GIS source code & install it in Ubuntu]].
 
===== Linux Mint =====
 
The [[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu | detailed compilation guide for Ubuntu]] may just work. However, here is a short guide for Mint:
 
<source lang="bash">
# Linux Mint 21+
 
# be sure to have an updated system
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
 
# installation of required libraries and compile tools
# recommended to give Python3 precedence over Python2 (which is end-of-life since 2019)
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 1
 
# install compiler tools and further dependencies (tested with Linux Mint 21)
# this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:
sudo apt-get install \
  build-essential \
  flex make bison gcc libgcc1 g++ cmake ccache \
  libproj-dev proj-data proj-bin \
  libgeos-dev \
  libgdal-dev python3-gdal gdal-bin \
  python3 python3-dev \
  python3-opengl \
  python3-wxgtk4.0 \
  python3-dateutil libgsl-dev python3-numpy \
  wx3.0-headers wx-common libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev libwxbase3.0-dev \
  libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gettext \
  libbz2-dev libzstd-dev libfreetype6-dev \
  libtiff5-dev libpnglite-dev libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
  sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev \
  libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
  libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
  subversion \
  checkinstall \
  libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
  ghostscript wget -y
</source>
 
'''GUI''' - update wxpython:
<source lang="bash">
pip3 install -U -f https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-22.04 wxPython
</source>
 
Next steps:
* create a subdirectory in your HOME tree for storing the GRASS GIS source code (and later compilation)
* get source code, one of the two options:
** a) download [https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS source code weekly snapshot] (e.g. take the "8.x.git snapshot"), or
*** unpack source code
** b) current source code from GitHub:
*** <code>git clone https://github.com/OSGeo/grass.git</code>
* change into the source code directory
 
<source lang="bash">
# in the source code directory, "configure" the source code to prepare for compilation:
./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-geos \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-nls \
  --with-zstd \
  --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
  --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/" \
  --with-fftw \
  --with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL \
  --without-postgres \
  --without-pdal \
  --without-netcdf \
  --without-mysql \
  --without-odbc \
  --without-openmp
 
# compile GRASS GIS
make -j2
 
# install compiled GRASS GIS on system
sudo make install
 
# use GRASS GIS! Start on command line
grass
</source>
 
===== Mandriva =====
 
Installation of dependencies (urpmi will ask you a few more):
 
'''Mandriva 2009:''' (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit)
  # as root
    urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \
          mesagl1-devel mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
          lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \
          lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion
    exit
 
'''Mandriva 2010:''' (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit) - see also [http://svn.mandriva.com/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/packages/cooker/grass/current/SPECS/ SPEC] file
  # as root
    # installation of PROJ and GDAL
    urpmi proj proj-devel gdal gdal-devel gcc-gfortran lib64openssl1.0.0 \
          lib64openssl1.0.0-devel postgresql8.4-devel lib64pq8.4
    # installation of compilation environment
    urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \
          lib64mesagl1-devel lib64mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
          lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \
          lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion
    exit
 
Then, to configure GRASS, run (64 bit stuff optional of course):
  #  as user
  ./configure \
    --enable-64bit --with-libs=/usr/lib64 \
    --with-cxx \
    --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \
    --with-sqlite \
    --with-nls \
    --with-python \
    --with-wxwidgets=/usr/lib/wxPython/bin/wx-config \
    --with-fftw \
    --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/libav* /usr/include/libpostproc /usr/include/libswscale" \
    --with-motif \
    --with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib64 \
    --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
    --enable-largefile
 
  # compilation (use -j2 ior -j4 parameter on multi-core CPUs to accelerate): 
    make
 
Installation:
    su
    # this will install into /usr/local/
    make install
    exit
 
===== Enterprise Linux =====
 
Enterprise Linux (EL) and derivatives (that is, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS and Scientific Linux) is a popular and robust platform for servers and computing-heavy workstations, and is therefore a good fit for GIS specific requirements.
 
See: http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Enterprise_Linux_GIS
 
===== Scientific Linux =====
 
See Centos
 
===== CentOS =====
 
You first need to add the EPEL repository for PROJ.4 and GDAL, see [https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL/FAQ#How_can_I_install_the_packages_from_the_EPEL_software_repository.3F here]
 
<strike>
Preparation '''Centos 5''' (old):
  yum install epel-release
  # Note: CentOS 5 comes with Python 2.4 which lacks python-config, hence two extra tweaks are needed.
  yum install flex bison zlib-devel tcl-devel tk-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
              libtiff-devel libpng-devel sqlite-devel \
              mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel mesa-libGLw-devel \
              mesa-libOSMesa-devel libXmu-devel python-devel gtk2-devel\
              ncurses-devel postgresql-devel make
</strike>
 
Preparation '''Centos 6''' | '''Scientific Linux 6''':
  yum install epel-release
  yum install flex bison make zlib-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
              sqlite-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel \
              libXmu-devel libX11-devel fftw-devel libtiff-devel \
              lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
              proj proj-devel proj-epsg proj-nad libxml2 gdal gdal-devel geos geos-devel \
              python-dateutil python-imaging python-matplotlib python-argparse
  # only GRASS GIS 6: install also tcl-devel tk-devel
 
Preparation '''Centos 7''' | '''Scientific Linux 7''':
  yum install epel-release
  yum install flex bison make zlib-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
              sqlite-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel \
              libXmu-devel libX11-devel fftw-devel libtiff-devel \
              lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
              proj proj-devel proj-epsg proj-nad libxml2 gdal gdal-devel geos geos-devel \
              netcdf netcdf-devel blas-devel lapack-devel atlas-devel \
              python-dateutil python-imaging python-matplotlib python-sphinx \
              doxygen subversion
 
Preparation '''Centos 8''' | '''Scientific Linux 8''':
  dnf install epel-release
 
  dnf install flex bison make zlib-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
              fftw-devel libtiff-devel sqlite-devel \
              proj proj-devel proj-datumgrid libxml2 \
              geos geos-devel git \
              netcdf netcdf-devel atlas-devel \
              blas-devel lapack-devel libpq-devel \
              python3-devel python3-numpy \
              python3-dateutil python3-imaging python3-matplotlib \
              gdal gdal-libs gdal-python-tools python3-gdal gdal-devel \
              wxGTK3-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel \
              libXmu-devel libX11-devel
 
'''GRASS GIS 7 compilation and installation'''
 
[https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/source/snapshot/ Download source code] (e.g., --> "Download latest 7.8 code)" and configure GRASS 7 (suggestion: save this as script):
 
./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-python \
  --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \
  --with-openmp \
  --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
  --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
  --with-fftw \
  --with-geos \
  --with-netcdf \
  --without-ffmpeg \
  --without-mysql \
  --without-postgres \
  --without-odbc \
  --without-fftw
 
Compile:
    make
or on a multicore system (number depends of available cores):
    make -j4
 
For a system wide installation, run as root user:
    make install
OR simply run it directly from the source code directory (substitute ARCH with i686 or x86_64):
 
    bin.$ARCH/grass78 -gui
 
In this case, for convenience, add it to the search path:
    mkdir $HOME/bin
    cd $HOME/bin
    # example:
    ln -s $HOME/software/grass78_release/bin.x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/grass78 .


      # first install PROJ, then GDAL.
Now use it subsequently with
      cd grass63/
    grass78 -gui
      fakeroot buildpackage


* [http://hamish.bowman.googlepages.com/debiangisfiles#compile Compiling GRASS 6.1-CVS on Debian/Stable (aka 3.1, Sarge)]


* Official [http://pkg-grass.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl DebianGIS] packaging [http://svn.debian.org/wsvn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/branches/ control files], also accessible via svn: 'svn co svn://svn.debian.org/svn/pkg-grass/packages/grass/branches/<GRASS Version>'
'''Installation grass78 on a HPC system with '''Centos 7''' and no root privileges:'''
This assumes that python3, fftw, proj, gdal and geos are available on the HPC system, either as modules or as installed software.


==== Ubuntu 6.06 ====
Download and prepare some dependencies (freetypes and zstd)
    mkdir -p $HOME/grass/freetypes
    cd $HOME/grass/freetypes
    wget path/to/freetype-2.9.1.tar.gz
    tar -xf freetype-2.9.1.tar.gz


* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/makegrass.sh makegrass.sh] is script designed to automate most of the download, configuration and compilation of GRASS 6.x-CVS
    mkdir $HOME/grass/zstd
** it is advised use [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CheckInstall checkinstall] (''sudo apt-get install checkinstall'') instead of ''make install'' to keep track of installed software
    cd mkdir $HOME/grass/zstd
* [[User:Steko/Automated_CVS_compiling|Here]] is another of these scripts, it's homemade so probably you'll find the above more useful for production sites.
    wget path/to/v1.4.4/zstd-1.4.4.tar.gz
    tar -xf zstd-1.4.4.tar.gz
    make install PREFIX=./


==== RPM SPEC files ====
Add the ZSTD path to your LD_LIBRARY_PATH


... can be found in the source code, rpm/ directory, or [http://www.gdf-hannover.de/media.php?id=1&lg=en here]
    tee -a $HOME/.bashrc > /dev/null << EOT
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$HOME/grass/zstd/zstd-1.4.4/lib
    EOT


==== MS-Windows/Cygwin ====
The configure command could look like this
    ./configure \
        -prefix=$HOME/grass \
        --enable-64bit --with-fftw-includes=/path/to/fftw/include/ \
        --with-fftw-libs=/path/to/fftw/lib/ \
        --with-freetype-includes=$HOME/grass/freetypes/freetype-2.9.1/include/ \
        --with-netcdf --with-geos --with-blas --with-lapack --with-postgres \
        --with-zstd-includes=$HOME/grass/zstd/zstd-1.4.4/lib/ \
        --with-zstd-libs=$HOME/grass/zstd/zstd-1.4.4/lib/ \
        --with-gdal=/path/to/gdal-config  # This could be the path to a gdal version compiled from source


... see [http://grass.itc.it/platforms/wingrass.html here] (should be moved to the Wiki)
Finally usual:
    make; make install


==== MS-Windows/native ====
===== Gentoo =====


See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]] for latest updates.
  ./configure \
    --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/"
 
See also http://packages.gentoo.org/package/sci-geosciences/grass
 
===== Funtoo =====
 
{{MovedToTrac|FuntooLinux}}
 
===== Fedora =====
 
<!-- commented out, too old
 
====== GRASS GIS 6 on Fedora ======
 
'''Preparation''' for the compilation of GRASS GIS 6 source code (F16-F21):
 
  yum install proj-devel gdal-devel sqlite-devel ffmpeg-devel mesa-libGL-devel \
              mesa-libGLU-devel libXmu-devel libX11-devel tcl-devel tk-devel geos \
              fftw-devel libtiff-devel lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
              gcc gcc-c++ bison flex ncurses-devel proj-epsg proj-nad xml2 subversion
 
''Note 1: that currently gdal-devel has (too) many dependencies and may lead to a massive download of extra packages (200 on a fresh Fedora 16 install). Hopefully solved in later Fedora versions.''
 
''Note 2: the optional ffmpeg-devel comes from the rpmfusion-free repository ([http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration/ configuration]).''
 
'''Download''' the source code:
* GRASS GIS 6: [http://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/ release package] - [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass64/source/snapshot/ weekly snapshot] - [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DownloadSource#GRASS6.4 SVN repository]
 
'''Configure''': This is an ''example'' how to configure the source code on a Fedora system:
 
  ./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-nls \
  --with-geos \
  --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \
  --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --enable-largefile \
  --without-odbc \
  --with-fftw
 
Extra: If you also want '''FFMPEG''' support - it requires 'yum install fftw-devel'. Then add to the configuration lines above:
 
    --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/ffmpeg /usr/include/ffmpeg/libav* /usr/include/ffmpeg/libpostproc /usr/include/ffmpeg/libswscale" \
 
 
Finally '''compile''' the configured source code:
    make
  or on multicore (number depends of available cores):
    make -j4
  and
    make install # requires root permissions unless you become owner of /usr/local/
 
Then use GRASS GIS 6 and enjoy!
-->
 
====== GRASS GIS 8 on Fedora ======
 
'''Preparation''' for the compilation of GRASS GIS 8+ source code (F36+):
 
  dnf install gcc gcc-c++ bison flex ncurses-devel gettext proj-devel \
              gdal gdal-devel sqlite-devel xml2 mesa-libGL-devel cairo-devel \
              fftw-devel mesa-libGLU-devel libXmu-devel libX11-devel geos geos-devel \
              libtiff-devel python3-devel numpy wxGTK3-devel git subversion \
              python3-dateutil python3-imaging python3-matplotlib-wx doxygen python3-sphinx \
              libzstd-devel libzstd python3-six python3-numpy python3-wxpython4 \
              proj-data PDAL-devel PDAL-libs
 
  # optionally also:  netcdf-devel postgresql-devel
  #                  atlas-devel lapack-devel lapack-devel
  #                  laszip laszip-devel
  #                  proj-data-at proj-data-au proj-data-be ...
 
''Note 1: the optional ffmpeg-devel comes from the rpmfusion-free repository ([http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration/ configuration]).''
 
 
'''Download''' and unpack the source code:
* GRASS GIS 8: [https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/source/snapshot/ weekly snapshot] - [https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/releases GitHub repository]
 
 
'''Configure''': This is an example how to configure the source code on a Fedora system:
 
  ./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-geos \
  --with-pdal \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-nls \
  --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \
  --with-fftw \
  --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --enable-largefile \
  --without-odbc
 
''Extra 1:'' If you also want '''FFMPEG support''' - it requires 'dnf install fftw-devel' from the rpmfusion-free repository. Then add to the configuration lines above:
 
    --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/ffmpeg /usr/include/ffmpeg/libav* /usr/include/ffmpeg/libpostproc /usr/include/ffmpeg/libswscale" \
 
''Extra 2:'' For '''LAPACK/BLAS support''' (addons i.spec.unmix, v.kriging etc), install "dnf install lapack lapack-devel blas blas-devel atlas atlas-devel". Then add to the configuration lines above:
  --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
  --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
 
''Extra 3:'' For '''ZSTD support''' (Zstandard compression algorithm), first install "dnf install libzstd libzstd-devel zstd". After installing the zstd related packages, add to the configuration lines above:
  --with-zstd \
 
Finally '''compile''' the configured source code:
    make
  or on multicore (number depends of available cores):
    make -j4
  and
    make install # requires root permissions unless you become owner of /usr/local/


For this, you need MinGW and MSys, including gcc, g++, binutils, flex, bison, make, and pdcurses, all from:
Then use GRASS GIS 8 and enjoy!
http://www.mingw.org/download.shtml


You also need this version of the XDR library:
===== openSUSE =====
http://wiki.qgis.org/qgiswiki/BuildingWindowsBinaryOnLinux?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=xdr-4.0-mingw2.tar.gz


The above is a stripped-down version of the Sun RPC library, which only includes the XDR [de]serialisation code, with the networking code removed.
To build GRASS on openSUSE:


You will first need to build and install zlib, PNG, PROJ, GDAL and the above XDR library. Then, building GRASS is similar to building it on Linux, except that you need to disable most of the optional features (including the use of shared libraries).
''Application:Geo'' repo to be added (see [https://software.opensuse.org//download.html?project=Application%3AGeo&package=gdal Install package Application:Geo]


Aside: it might encourage more people to work on the Windows version if the GRASS site contained binary versions of the necessary libraries. Having to build XDR, PROJ, GDAL, zlib, PNG, Tcl/Tk and possibly other stuff from source before you can start to compile GRASS is a major nuisance.
<source lang="bash">
# example for Leap 42 version:
sudo zypper addrepo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Application:Geo/openSUSE_Leap_42.3/Application:Geo.repo
sudo zypper refresh
</source>


... or see [http://wiki.qgis.org/qgiswiki/BuildingWindowsBinaryOnLinux here incl. QGIS compilation] (with MinGW)
RPM packages to be installed:
<source lang="bash">
sudo zypper install bison flex freetype2-devel fftw3-devel gcc-c++ \
  libgdal-devel libgeos-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel \
  man proj libproj-devel readline-devel netcdf-devel ncurses-devel \
  mysql-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel unixODBC-devel \
  tcl-devel tk-devel xorg-x11-Mesa-devel libXmu-devel \
  python-numpy python-dateutil python-devel python-opengl \
  python-wxWidgets python-xml python-dateutil wxWidgets-devel \
  zlib-devel doxygen python-sphinx
</source>


==== Mac OSX ====
Source code configuration:
<source lang="bash">
./configure \
--enable-largefile \
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-cxx \
--with-lapack=yes \
--with-x \
--with-motif \
--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
--with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \
--with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
--with-fftw \
--with-readline \
--with-netcdf \
--with-curses \
--with-geos \
--with-nls \
--with-sqlite \
--with-freetype \
--with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
--with-wxwidgets \
--with-odbc \
--with-python
</source>


... see [http://grass.itc.it/platforms/macgrass.php here] for instructions
Then compile with "make [-j2]".


... [[Compiling on MacOSX|or this other way]]
===== RPM SPEC files =====
* [https://build.opensuse.org/package/show?package=grass&project=Application%3AGeo OpenSuSe]
* [http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/cgit/rpms/grass.git/tree/grass.spec Fedora]
* ...


==== Zaurus====
===== Zaurus =====


... see [http://wiki.debian.org/?GrassGISonZaurus here] for instructions
... see [http://wiki.debian.org/?GrassGISonZaurus here] for instructions


==== macOS ====
Compiling GRASS GIS for macOS is not fundamentally different from for other *nix systems. It is on the contrary quite similar, but what differ is the lack of a default package management system for software GRASS GIS depends on. This leaves the mac user to either: (1) compile the dependencies one-by-one; (2) using the [http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/frameworks/ frameworks] generously shared by William Kyngesburye; (3) compiling with one of the third-party package management systems avaliable; or (4) a combination thereof.
If you are interested in installing a precompiled version, please check out the [https://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/mac-osx/ official download site].
To date, maybe the easiest way to compile for Mac is by using [https://github.com/nilason/grass-conda GRASS GIS app build script] which is based on the instructions below for building using Anaconda. It will install dependencies, package and install an app bundle with just a command in Terminal.
===== Compilation and installation =====
For more up-to-date instructions please read:
* [https://github.com/nilason/grass-conda Compiling on macOS using Conda] (Intel / Apple silicon based machine M1)
* [[Compiling on macOS using Anaconda]]
* [[Compiling on macOS using Homebrew]]
* [[Compiling on macOS using MacPorts]]
===== Legacy instructions =====
The following compilation and installation instructions are rather outdated as a whole. They do, however, contain parts and snippets that still may be very instructive and useful.
* [[Compiling on MacOSX]]
* [[Compiling on MacOSX using Fink]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180718005252/http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/frameworks#build_scripts build scripts for dependencies]
Troubleshooting:
* solving errors at starting GRASS GIS: [[MacOSX GRASS errors]]
==== FreeBSD / NetBSD ====
The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the respective package managing tools (pkg_add for FreeBSD and pkgin install for NetBSD) and for recent *BSD versions most likely installed by default.
GRASS 6.x and GRASS 7 should compile on FreeBSD 8.0 or later and NetBSD 5.0 or later (maybe also on updated NetBSD 4.x).
It is highly recommended to install GDAL/OGR and PROJ4 first. These libraries and tools are available as [http://www.freebsd.org/ports/ ports for FreeBSD] and [http://www.pkgsrc.org/ packages for NetBSD].
Optional functionality is listed with ''./configure --help'', and related libraries and tools might need to be installed first.
You then may need to edit include/Make/Platform.make and set
ICONVLIB            = -liconv
==== Solaris ====
* ''2008 Oct 15'': see [http://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/grass-user/2008-October/047093.html this post on the grass mailing list]
===== 11 SPARC/i86pc =====
The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the Solaris package manager.
Most dependencies are available through the Solaris package manager. GDAL and proj4 can either be compiled from source or installed e.g. from [http://www.opencsw.org/ OpenCSW]. If packages are installed from OpenCSW, the linker flags need to be set with
      LDFLAGS="-Wl,-R/opt/csw/lib -L/opt/csw/lib -Wl,-R/opt/csw/gxx/lib -L/opt/csw/gxx/lib"
See also the [http://www.opencsw.org/use-it/ OpenCSW documentation].
===== 10 SPARC/i86pc =====
* get gcc compiler and tools. There are several sources: Solaris Companion CD (SFW pkg, installs in /opt/sfw/), Blastwave ([http://www.blastwave.org], CSW pkg, installs in /opt/csw/) or Sunfreeware ([http://www.sunfreeware.com], SMC pkg, installs in /usr/local/).
Needed Packages from Sunfreeware: SMCbinut, SMCbison, SMCcoreu, SMCfindu, SMCflex, SMCgawk, SMCgcc, SMCgrep, SMCgzip, SMCless, SMClibt, SMClicon, SMCmake, SMCncurs, SMCproj, SMCsed, SMCtar, SMCtcl, SMCtiff, SMCtk, SMCunzip, SMCzlib.
* compile and install fftw-library ([http://www.fftw.org]). You need to re-compile the library with:
      ./configure --with-pic --enable-shared; make ; make install.
The pre-built packages don't work.
* compile and install gdal library (see documentation of gdal, [http://www.gdal.org]).
* compile and install any additional libraries (e. g. GEOS, [http://geos.refractions.net]).
* set compiler flags and path. e. g.:
      # on ultra-sparc machine:
      CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=v9"
      CXXFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=v9"
      PATH="/usr/local/bin:/opt/sfw/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin"
      export CFLAGS CXXFLAGS PATH
Path has to be changed for the packages (Sunfreeware: /usr/local/bin, Solaris Companion: /opt/sfw/bin, Blastwave: /opt/csw/bin).
* Next configure, e. g.:
      ./configure --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql/ \
      --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib --with-postgres=yes \
      --with-includes=/usr/local/include/ncurses
If you use n(ew)curses, you have to include the path /usr/local/include/ncurses.
then:
      make
      su
      make install
If the shared libraries are not found at runtime of the modules, use 'crle' to add the paths of the libraries for the dynamic linker, e. g. as root:
      crle -l /lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/opt/sfw/lib:/usr/X11/lib
Be careful not to omit a library path, the system may be unusable if you forget the /lib path.
==== AIX ====
A recent [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (>= 3.81) and GNU coreutils are required. These are available with the [http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/aix/linux/toolbox/download.html IBM AIX toolbox] or through third-party AIX software repositories, e.g. [http://www.bullfreeware.com/ bullfreeware] and [http://www.perzl.org/aix/ perzl.org]. Note that 'make' does not work, only 'gmake' works.
General instructions to compile on AIX are e.g. [http://www.perzl.org/aix/index.php?n=Main.Instructions here]
On AIX, compilation results by default in 32 bit applications and static libraries. The [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-gnu.html IBM documentation] explains how to build 64 bit applications and shared libraries with GCC.
'''GRASS 6: Using the IBM xlc compiler:'''
* ''see [http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gis.grass.user/32667 this mailing list thread]''
Mike wrote in 2009:
After attempting all the suggestions, I finally used
--disable-shared on the configure command, and all but
a handful of modules successfully compiled. I was able to
individually address the ones that failed through Makefile
edits and several small source code/header file edits.
The environment variables and configure command that worked were:
<pre>
# xlc compiler:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/opt/freeware/bin:$PATH
export OBJECT_MODE=64
export LIBICONV=/opt/freeware
export CC="xlc_r -q64"
export CFLAGS="-O -qstrict"
export CXX="xlC_r -q64"
export CXXFLAGS="-O -qstrict"
export AR="ar -X64"
export F77="xlf_r -q64"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/afs/isis/pkg/libpng/include -I/usr/local/include -I$LIBICONV/include -I/usr/lpp/X11/include/X11"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L$LIBICONV/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lc"
./configure --prefix=/afs/isis/pkg/grass-6.4.0 \
  --enable-64bit \
  --disable-shared \
  --with-includes="/usr/include/fontconfig /usr/include/X11 /usr/include/X11/Xft /usr/include/X11/ext" \
  --x-includes=/usr/include/X11 \
  --x-libraries=/usr/X11R6/lib \
  --with-fftw-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/include \
  --with-fftw-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/lib \
  --with-gdal=/afs/isis/pkg/gdal/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-proj-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/include \
  --with-proj-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/lib \
  --with-proj-share=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/share/proj \
  --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/local/include \
  --with-tcltk-libs=/usr/local/lib \
  --with-opengl-includes=/usr/include/GL
</pre>
'''GRASS 7: Using the IBM xlc compiler:'''
Get and install (in this order):
* [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ GNU tar]
* [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (>= 3.81)
* [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite]
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ.4] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass74/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS 7]
The environment variables and configure command that worked:
<pre>
## AIX 5.x
export LIBPATH=/opt/freeware/lib64:/opt/freeware/lib
# make 'ar' happy
export OBJECT_MODE=64
PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin
./configure \
  --prefix=$PREFIX \
  --disable-shared \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-tiff=no \
  --with-png=no \
  --with-fftw=no \
  --with-cairo=no \
  --with-freetype=no
</pre>
'''GRASS 7: Using the GNU gcc compiler:'''
Get and install (in this order):
* if needed, [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/ GNU tar]
* if needed (the name is often 'gmake' and not 'make') [ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/ GNU make] (>= 3.81)
* [http://www.sqlite.org SQLite]
* [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ PROJ.4] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])
* [http://www.gdal.org GDAL] (for ./configure parameters, see [[Talk:Compile and Install|here]])
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass74/source/snapshot/ GRASS GIS 7]
The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 5.x:
<pre>
## AIX 5.x
export LIBPATH=/opt/freeware/lib64:/opt/freeware/lib
# make 'ar' happy
export OBJECT_MODE=64
PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin
CFLAGS='-ansi -D_ALL_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -Dinline=' ./configure \
  --prefix=$PREFIX \
  --disable-shared \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-tiff=no \
  --with-png=no \
  --with-fftw=no \
  --with-cairo=no \
  --with-freetype=no
</pre>
The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 7.x:
<pre>
## AIX 7.x
export CC="gcc"
export CXX="g++"
PREFIX=$HOME/bin
LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bsvr4,-R,/opt/freeware/lib -L/opt/freeware/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/freeware/include" ./configure \
  --prefix=$PREFIX \
  --enable-largefile \
  --enable-shared \
  --with-includes=/opt/freeware/include --with-libs=/opt/freeware/lib \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
  --with-gdal=$PREFIX/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include \
  --with-png=no \
  --with-tiff=no \
  --with-fftw=no \
  --with-cairo=no \
  --with-opengl=no \
  --with-freetype=no
</pre>
==== MS-Windows ====
See also [[WinGRASS Current Status]] for latest updates.
===== MS-Windows/native =====
GRASS GIS on Windows using a standalone installer. It is still MinGW based (we are going to move this to CMake in 2024+).
Instructions to compile from source code:
* [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/CompileOnWindows GRASS Windows Native Binary Building Guide]
===== MS-Windows/OSGeo4W =====
OSGeo4W is an installer for a broad set of open source geospatial software packages including GRASS GIS as well as many other packages (QGIS, GDAL/OGR, and more).
* See [https://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/ OSGeo4W]
===== MS-Windows/Cygwin =====
* See the [[Cygwin]] wiki pages


=== Common problems and solutions ===
=== Common problems and solutions ===
Line 180: Line 1,464:
** this suggests that you don't have the X headers installed
** this suggests that you don't have the X headers installed
** Solution: Install the libx11-dev package
** Solution: Install the libx11-dev package
* error:  g.list: error while loading shared libraries: libgdal1.6.0.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
** this error appears in the shell right after the user clicks GUI's "Start GRASS" button. The GUI shows an error about geographic extent and gets closed afterwards.
** It happens when you launch bin.i686 executable on 64bit system. Be careful and choose the right architecture.
* error: lib/python/ctypes
** This error appears during the compilation: <code>free(): invalid pointer Aborted (core dumped)</code>
** It happens when you have multiple <code>libproj</code> versions on your system (check it with command <code>ldd PATH_TO_GRASS_INSTALL/lib/libgrass_gproj.so | grep proj</code> - when this is not your problem, you should obtain exactly one result)
** Solution: Try to reinstall <code>libproj-dev</code> and <code>proj-data</code>
=== Static compilation ===
In order to get static rather than dynamically linked binaries, configure like this:
  ./configure --disable-shared --enable-static
This will however break the wxGUI and GRASS 7 completely because "ctypes" wants to link against shared libs, or there is something in the static libs that "ctypes" does not like.
=== Optimization ===
GCC and other compilers support [http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.3.3/gcc/Optimize-Options.html#Optimize-Options optimization]
If you would like to set compiler optimisations, for a possibly faster binary, type (don't enter a ";" anywhere):
        CFLAGS=-O ./configure
or,
        setenv CFLAGS -O
        ./configure
whichever works on your shell. Use -O2 instead of -O if your compiler supports this (note: O is the letter, not zero). Using the "gcc" compiler, you can also specify processor specific flags (examples, please suggest better settings to us):
  CFLAGS="-mcpu=athlon -O2" # AMD Athlon processor with code optimisations
  CFLAGS="-march=amdfam10"  # AMD Phenom II X4 64bit processor with gcc >=4.3
  CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium"    # Intel Pentium processor
  CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium4"  # Intel Pentium4 processor
  CFLAGS="-O2 -msse -msse2 -mfpmath=sse -minline-all-stringops" # Intel XEON 64bit processor
  CFLAGS="-mtune=nocona -m64 -minline-all-stringops"            # Intel Pentium 64bit processor
To find out optional CFLAGS for your platform, enter:
  gcc -dumpspecs
See also: http://gcc.gnu.org/
A real fast GRASS version (and small binaries) will be created with LDFLAGS set to "stripping" (but this disables debugging):
  CFLAGS="-O2 -mcpu=<cpu_see_above> -Wall" LDFLAGS="-s" ./configure


=== Configure options and their meanings ===
=== Configure options and their meanings ===
Line 200: Line 1,531:
  Motif library, e.g. Lesstif or OpenMotif).
  Motif library, e.g. Lesstif or OpenMotif).
  [http://grass.itc.it/pipermail/grassuser/2006-December/037475.html Glynn Clements at GRASS-user mailing list]
  [http://grass.itc.it/pipermail/grassuser/2006-December/037475.html Glynn Clements at GRASS-user mailing list]
=== Parallelized compilation on multi-core CPUs ===
You can dramatically accelerate the compilation of the GRASS code with the -j flag of "make" if you have a multi-core CPU system. This determines the maximum number of jobs to have running at once, so cores don't have to sit idle waiting for jobs on other cores to complete. A good rule of thumb for this value is <tt>number_of_cores * 1.5</tt>, but note that setting any higher than the actual number of cores will only affect the timing slightly. For example, on a dual-core processor:
  make -j 4
<!-- CFLAGS="-pipe" doesn't seem to help much -->
== GRASS-GDAL plugin ==
* see [[Compile and install GRASS and QGIS with GDAL/OGR Plugin]]
== Addons ==
Please note that the installation of [[AddOns/GRASS_6|Addons]] can be easily done with the {{cmd|g.extension}} manager. The compile instructions below are aiming at own development.
=== Compiled modules ===
This is the general way which works for C modules as well as scripts (Python or Shell/Bash modules) which has HTML documentation.
'''Requirements:'''
Either:
* a binary GRASS package, or
* source code which has been prepared with:
    ./configure [opionally flags]
    make libs
Each of the [[GRASS_AddOns|addon]] modules should come with a Makefile. To compile it, just run:
    make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/
Note that the <tt>/path/to/grass64</tt> has to be absolute, not relative.
If using Bash it may be useful to set that up as an alias:
    alias gmake64='make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/'
Installation (perhaps requires "sudo"):
    make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/ install
Note: Compiled addons may require a re-compilation if you changed/updated your GRASS standard binaries.
==== If binary comes with a -dev package ====
''(work in progress, this text states how it eventually will be :)''
Nowadays one does not need to the source code, nor compiling GRASS by oneself to be able to add add-ons. On Debian, you can just install the grass-dev package and then run:
make MODULE_TOPDIR=/usr/lib/grass64/ INST_DIR=/usr/lib/grass64/
The grass-dev package essentially provides GRASS's <tt>include</tt> header files and Make configuration files.
=== Scripts ===
If the addon module is a script, it is sufficient to copy it into the (GRASS binaries) path somewhere. Alternatively, install addons into a separate GRASS addons binaries/scripts directory which is easier to maintain. It avoids getting clobbered every time you reinstall GRASS. To use these separately stored scripts, set and export the GRASS_ADDON_PATH environment variable before starting GRASS and it will automatically be added to the module search path (see the {{cmd|variables}} help page). To simplify this, do for example:
# add in $HOME/.bashrc:
GRASS_ADDON_PATH=/usr/local/grass/addons/
export GRASS_ADDON_PATH
Make sure that the script is executable, then just call it in GRASS typing the filename. Python scripts need to be called writing the extension as well, like:
GRASS 6.5.svn (spearfish60):~ > v.krige.py


[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Installation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Latest revision as of 07:40, 19 October 2024


Disclaimer: This page explains how to turn the GRASS GIS source code into an installable binary package ("compilation") for different operating systems. If you just want to get ready-to-use binaries, go here, otherwise read on...

How to do compilation and installation of GRASS GIS?

Here we explain the procedure to compile GRASS from GitHub, but it also applies to official GRASS 7 releases.

For installation of precompiled binary packages, see the main Installation Guide.

For detailed information on compilation, please see the INSTALL file in the source code.

Prerequisites

Extra libraries

GRASS GIS needs at least two extra libraries: PROJ and GDAL/OGR. It is recommended to download them as ready-to-use packages for your software platform (Linux distribution, Windows, Mac...).

Other libraries needed to run GRASS are listed on the requirements page.

To compile, you will also need the respective "-devel" packages; see below for details.

Download GRASS GIS source code

First, download the GRASS GIS source code.

Generic Compilation and installation procedure

  • It is wise that compilation processes are carried out as a normal user: If you want to get the source code in a place where you do not have write permissions (e.g. in /usr/local/src/) just follow this:
     cd /usr/local/src/ 
     su -c 'mkdir grass7'
     su -c 'chown yourlogin:yourgroup grass7'

Otherwise if you have permissions just continue as a normal user: 

     mkdir $HOME/src
     cd $HOME/src/
     git clone https://github.com/OSGeo/grass.git grass_master
  • run configure with parameters to adapt the compile process to your own system. To see what options can be passed to it, run:
./configure --help | less


It may (!) look like this: 

     ./configure \
         --with-cxx \
         --with-sqlite \
         --with-python \
         --with-geos \
         --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
         --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
         --with-freetype \
         --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
         --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj

You may have to explicitly state the path for certain packages (i.e., gdal). The Unix 'locate' command will come in handy for finding the path of the package you need (you may have to run locate as root ex: sudo locate gdal-config).

Please note that the paths mentioned may widely vary due to the distribution used. See Platform Specific Notes below.

Depending on your needs it may be a good idea to include debugging hooks.

See GRASS_Debugging#Compile_Time_Setup.
CFLAGS="-ggdb -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration" ./configure ...


At the end of configuration process you should get report not much different from this: 

 GRASS is now configured for:  x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
 
 Source directory:           /home/user/software/grass_master
 Build directory:            /home/user/software/grass_master
 Installation directory:     ${prefix}/grass79
 Startup script in directory:${exec_prefix}/bin
 C compiler:                 gcc -O2 -march=native -std=gnu99 -fexceptions -fstack-protector -m64 -fdiagnostics-color 
 C++ compiler:               c++ -g -Wall
 Building shared libraries:  yes
 OpenGL platform:            X11
 
 MacOSX application:         no
 MacOSX architectures:       
 MacOSX SDK:                 
 
 BLAS support:               yes
 BZIP2 support:              no
 C++ support:                yes
 Cairo support:              yes
 DWG support:                no
 FFTW support:               yes
 FreeType support:           yes
 GDAL support:               yes
 GEOS support:               yes
 [...]
  • Let's compile it (takes a little while...)!
     make -j2
  • At the end, you should get report not much different from this:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Following modules are missing the 'description.html' file in src code:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
GRASS GIS compilation log
-------------------------
Started compilation: Mon 19 Aug 2019 10:47:57 PM CEST
--
Errors in:
No errors detected.
--
Finished compilation: Mon 19 Aug 2019 10:55:12 PM CEST
(In case of errors please change into the directory with error and run 'make')
  • If there is any error, change directory to directory with error and run "make" again. Report occurring bug to GRASS mailing list
  • Once the installation process is finished, you're ready to install GRASS system wide.
     su -c 'make install'
  • enjoy GRASS:
     grass79

What else?

If you want to use QGIS, then also compile the GRASS-GDAL/OGR plugin. This is also useful to access your GRASS-data from other application using GDAL/OGR like thuban.

Compile and install GDAL-GRASS plugin

Platform Specific Notes

Linux

Linux comes in various flavours, i.e. distributions.

Distribution related packaging
Alpine Linux
# install compiler tools and libraries
apk add build-base bzip2-dev cairo-dev fftw-dev freetype-dev g++ gcc gdal-dev geos-dev git \
        gnutls-dev libc6-compat libjpeg-turbo-dev libpng-dev make openjpeg-dev openblas-dev \
        postgresql-dev proj-dev python3-dev py3-numpy-dev sqlite-dev tar tiff-dev unzip vim \
        wget zip zstd-dev

# install needed tools and libraries when using GRASS GIS
apk add attr bash bison bzip2 cairo curl fftw flex freetype gdal gdal-tools gettext geos gnutls \
        jsoncpp libbz2 libexecinfo libjpeg-turbo libpng libunwind musl musl-utils ncurses openjpeg \
        openblas py3-numpy py3-pillow py3-six postgresql proj-datumgrid proj-util sqlite sqlite-libs \
        subversion tiff zstd zstd-libs

# get source code
cd ~
wget -c https://grass.osgeo.org/grass78/source/snapshot/grass-7.8.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz

# unpack
tar xvfz grass-7.8.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz
rm -f grass-7.8.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz

# change into source code (update path name as needed)
cd grass-7.8.git_src_snapshot_2021_05_01/

# minimal configuration
./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-geos \
  --with-sqlite \
  --without-nls \
  --without-wxwidgets \
  --without-fftw \
  --without-cairo \
  --without-freetype \
  --enable-largefile \
  --without-opengl \
  --without-odbc

# compilation
nice make -j2
Archlinux

You can install GRASS GIS for Archlinux distribution based like Archlinux, Manjaro, EndeavourOS ...

  • Easiest method : use a prebuilt package using arch4edu repository

"Arch4edu is a community repository for Arch Linux and Arch Linux ARM that strives to provide the latest versions of most software used by college students."


1. Add Arch4edu repository. Follow instructions from official documentation:

https://github.com/arch4edu/arch4edu/wiki/Add-arch4edu-to-your-Archlinux

2. Refresh packages list with 

pacman -Syyu

3. Install GRASS package 

pacman -S grass


  • Advanced method : use AUR (Arch User Repository) package

Up-to-date links to Archlinux GRASS PKGBUILDs are on Arch User Repository. PKGBUILD downloads and builds automatically sources from https://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/linux/.

You can use an AUR helper like pamac, yay, among others ... More info through this link https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers

Exemple with yay: 

yay -S grass


  • Expert method : compile from source code

If you want to compile it yourself, you could follow steps below :

(As an alternative it is recommended to download PKGBUILD from AUR and then customize to your needs)

Install dependencies : 

pacman -S bzip2 cairo fftw fontconfig freetype2 gcc-libs gdal geos glibc glu libpng libtiff libx11 libgl netcdf pdal proj python-gdal python-numpy python-pillow python-wxpython readline zlib zstd

Download and extract sources : https://grass.osgeo.org/download/software/sources/

We can now start building GRASS 

export PATH=~/usr/bin:$PATH && \
 ./configure \
   --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
   --with-wxwidgets \
   --with-readline \
   --with-pthread \
   --with-netcdf \
   --with-nls \
   --with-geos \
   --with-postgres \
   --with-pdal=/usr/include/pdal \
   --with-bzlib \
   --with-zstd

Now let's compile and install it 

make
make install

It's done, you can enjoy GRASS in Arch, just type "grass" in the terminal to launch it or look for grass in your menu.


Generic procedure for Debian-based distributions (Ubuntu, ...)

WORK IN PROGRESS

1. Install official GRASS package 

sudo apt install grass grass-dev

2. Enable source code download 

# do backup first
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.orig
sudo sed -i '/^#\sdeb-src /s/^# *//' /etc/apt/sources.list

3. Install GRASS dependencies 

sudo apt build-dep grass

4. Download GRASS source code 

git clone https://github.com/osgeo/grass

5. Compile GRASS from source code 

cd grass

Configure: 

grass --config build | sh

Optionally install missing dependecies (can happen when official GRASS package is not compatible with GRASS master), eg. 

sudo apt install libzstd-dev

Compile: 

make -j2

6. Run locally or install 

./bin.x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/grass79 --version

or 

sudo make install
grass79 --version
Debian
  • Official DebianGIS packaging control files, available on git server:
 git://git.debian.org/git/pkg-grass/grass.git

 http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-grass/grass.git/


GRASS 7 on Debian Stretch

(Updated from above with package changes required for Debian Stretch)

Install needed packages for GRASS 7.2 - 7.6: 

 apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
   python-dev g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdal20 \
   libgdal-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libncurses5-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev \
   libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
   proj-bin proj-data python-numpy python-wxgtk3.0 python-wxtools wx-common zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin \
   libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev  doxygen python-sphinx postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev \
   mariadb-server libatlas-dev liblapack3 liblapack-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
   subversion liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python-gdal libpdal-dev libpdal-plugin-python pdal

Install needed packages for GRASS 7.8+ (Python 3 support!): 

 apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
   g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdal20 python3-dev \
   libgdal-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libgeos-c1v5 \
   libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
   proj-bin proj-data python3-numpy python3-six wx-common zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin \
   libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev  doxygen python3-sphinx postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev \
   libatlas-dev liblapack3 liblapack-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
   subversion liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python3-gdal libpdal-dev libpdal-plugin-python pdal
   
   # ? python3-wxgtk4.0 libmariadb

Download and unpack source code or fetch from GitHub: https://github.com/OSGeo/grass

Configuration: 

 CFLAGS="-Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
 CXXFLAGS="-Wall"  \
 ./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local \
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
  --with-cxx --enable-largefile \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
  --with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
  --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
  --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
  --with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
  --with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no --with-postgres=yes \
  --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
  --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql \
  --with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql

Compile: 

 make -j2

Install: 

 make install
GRASS 7 on Debian Buster

-- To be updated --

Install needed packages for GRASS 7.8+ (Python 3 support!): 

 apt-get install cmake libboost-all-dev flex bison debhelper dpatch autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
   g++ gcc gettext graphviz libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdal20 python3-dev \
   libgdal-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa-dev libproj-dev libreadline-dev libgeos-c1v5 \
   libsqlite3-dev libtiff5-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxt-dev mesa-common-dev \
   proj-bin proj-data python3-numpy python3-six wx-common zlib1g-dev netcdf-bin \
   libnetcdf-dev libgegl-dev  doxygen python3-sphinx postgresql libgeotiff-dev libblas-dev \
   liblapack3 liblapack-dev opencl-headers ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
   subversion liblas-bin liblas-c-dev python3-gdal libpdal-dev libpdal-plugin-python pdal \
   python3-wxgtk4.0 default-libmysqlclient-dev

Download and unpack GRASS GIS 7.8 source code or fetch from GitHub: https://github.com/OSGeo/grass

Configuration: 

 CFLAGS="-Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
 CXXFLAGS="-Wall"  \
 ./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local \
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
  --with-cxx --enable-largefile \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
  --with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
  --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
  --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas/ \
  --with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
  --with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no --with-postgres=yes \
  --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/postgresql \
  --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib/postgresql \
  --with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql

Compile: 

 make -j2

Install: 

 make install
GRASS 8 on Debian 11 (bullseye)

Install needed packages for GRASS 8.2: 

 apt-get update && \
 apt-get install bison debhelper-compat dh-python doxygen fakeroot flex graphviz \
   libblas-dev libbz2-dev libcairo2-dev libfftw3-dev libfreetype6-dev \
   libgdal-dev libgeos-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libjpeg-dev liblapack-dev libmotif-dev \
   default-libmysqlclient-dev libncurses5-dev libnetcdf-dev libpng-dev libpq-dev \
   libproj-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev libtiff-dev libxmu-dev libzstd-dev \
   netcdf-bin pkg-config proj-bin python3 python3-dev python3-numpy python3-pil python3-ply \
   python3-six python3-wxgtk4.0 wget unixodbc-dev zlib1g-dev


Download and unpack GRASS GIS 8.2 source code (or fetch from GitHub: https://github.com/OSGeo/grass): 

 wget https://grass.osgeo.org/grass82/source/grass-8.2-latest.tar.gz
 tar xvfz grass-8.2-latest.tar.gz
 cd grass-8.2.*

Configuration: 

 CFLAGS="-Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
 CXXFLAGS="-Wall"  \
 ./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local \
  --with-gdal --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share \
  --with-glw --with-nls --with-readline \
  --with-cxx --enable-largefile \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --with-sqlite --with-cairo --with-python=/usr/bin/python-config \
  --with-wxwidgets --with-geos \
  --with-netcdf=/usr/bin/nc-config --with-odbc=yes \
  --with-openmp=yes --with-pthread=no

Compile: 

 make -j2

Install: 

 make install
Ubuntu

There is a dedicated page on how to Compile the GRASS GIS source code & install it in Ubuntu.

Linux Mint

The detailed compilation guide for Ubuntu may just work. However, here is a short guide for Mint: 

# Linux Mint 21+

# be sure to have an updated system
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y

# installation of required libraries and compile tools
# recommended to give Python3 precedence over Python2 (which is end-of-life since 2019)
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 1

# install compiler tools and further dependencies (tested with Linux Mint 21)
# this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:
sudo apt-get install \
  build-essential \
  flex make bison gcc libgcc1 g++ cmake ccache \
  libproj-dev proj-data proj-bin \
  libgeos-dev \
  libgdal-dev python3-gdal gdal-bin \
  python3 python3-dev \
  python3-opengl \
  python3-wxgtk4.0 \
  python3-dateutil libgsl-dev python3-numpy \
  wx3.0-headers wx-common libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev libwxbase3.0-dev \
  libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gettext \
  libbz2-dev libzstd-dev libfreetype6-dev \
  libtiff5-dev libpnglite-dev libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
  sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev \
  libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
  libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
  subversion \
  checkinstall \
  libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
  ghostscript wget -y

GUI - update wxpython: 

pip3 install -U -f https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-22.04 wxPython

Next steps:

  • create a subdirectory in your HOME tree for storing the GRASS GIS source code (and later compilation)
  • get source code, one of the two options:
  • change into the source code directory
# in the source code directory, "configure" the source code to prepare for compilation:
./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-geos \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-nls \
  --with-zstd \
  --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
  --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/" \
  --with-fftw \
  --with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL \
  --without-postgres \
  --without-pdal \
  --without-netcdf \
  --without-mysql \
  --without-odbc \
  --without-openmp

# compile GRASS GIS
make -j2

# install compiled GRASS GIS on system
sudo make install

# use GRASS GIS! Start on command line
grass
Mandriva

Installation of dependencies (urpmi will ask you a few more):

Mandriva 2009: (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit) 

 # as root
   urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \
         mesagl1-devel mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
         lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \
         lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion
   exit

Mandriva 2010: (take out the '64' everywhere if you are on 32bit) - see also SPEC file 

 # as root
   # installation of PROJ and GDAL
   urpmi proj proj-devel gdal gdal-devel gcc-gfortran lib64openssl1.0.0 \
         lib64openssl1.0.0-devel postgresql8.4-devel lib64pq8.4

   # installation of compilation environment
   urpmi flex bison zlib-devel tiff-devel png-devel tcl-devel tk-devel sqlite3-devel \
         lib64mesagl1-devel lib64mesaglu1-devel lib64xmu6-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
         lib64wxgtk2.8 lib64wxgtk2.8-devel lib64wxgtkgl2.8 wxgtk2.8 \
         lib64wxPythonGTK2.8 lib64wxPythonGTK2.8-devel wxPythonGTK wxPythonGTK-wxversion
   exit

Then, to configure GRASS, run (64 bit stuff optional of course): 

 #  as user
 ./configure \
   --enable-64bit --with-libs=/usr/lib64 \
   --with-cxx \
   --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \
   --with-sqlite \
   --with-nls \
   --with-python \
   --with-wxwidgets=/usr/lib/wxPython/bin/wx-config \
   --with-fftw \
   --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/libav* /usr/include/libpostproc /usr/include/libswscale" \
   --with-motif \
   --with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib64 \
   --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
   --enable-largefile

  # compilation (use -j2 ior -j4 parameter on multi-core CPUs to accelerate):   
   make

Installation: 

   su
   # this will install into /usr/local/
   make install
   exit
Enterprise Linux

Enterprise Linux (EL) and derivatives (that is, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS and Scientific Linux) is a popular and robust platform for servers and computing-heavy workstations, and is therefore a good fit for GIS specific requirements.

See: http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Enterprise_Linux_GIS

Scientific Linux

See Centos

CentOS

You first need to add the EPEL repository for PROJ.4 and GDAL, see here

Preparation Centos 5 (old): 

 yum install epel-release

 # Note: CentOS 5 comes with Python 2.4 which lacks python-config, hence two extra tweaks are needed.
 yum install flex bison zlib-devel tcl-devel tk-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
             libtiff-devel libpng-devel sqlite-devel \
             mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel mesa-libGLw-devel \
             mesa-libOSMesa-devel libXmu-devel python-devel gtk2-devel\
             ncurses-devel postgresql-devel make

Preparation Centos 6 | Scientific Linux 6: 

 yum install epel-release

 yum install flex bison make zlib-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
             sqlite-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel \
             libXmu-devel libX11-devel fftw-devel libtiff-devel \
             lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
             proj proj-devel proj-epsg proj-nad libxml2 gdal gdal-devel geos geos-devel \
             python-dateutil python-imaging python-matplotlib python-argparse
 # only GRASS GIS 6: install also tcl-devel tk-devel

Preparation Centos 7 | Scientific Linux 7: 

 yum install epel-release

 yum install flex bison make zlib-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
             sqlite-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel \
             libXmu-devel libX11-devel fftw-devel libtiff-devel \
             lesstif-devel python-devel numpy wxPython wxGTK-devel \
             proj proj-devel proj-epsg proj-nad libxml2 gdal gdal-devel geos geos-devel \
             netcdf netcdf-devel blas-devel lapack-devel atlas-devel \
             python-dateutil python-imaging python-matplotlib python-sphinx \
             doxygen subversion

Preparation Centos 8 | Scientific Linux 8: 

 dnf install epel-release

 dnf install flex bison make zlib-devel gcc-c++ gettext \
             fftw-devel libtiff-devel sqlite-devel \
             proj proj-devel proj-datumgrid libxml2 \
             geos geos-devel git \
             netcdf netcdf-devel atlas-devel \
             blas-devel lapack-devel libpq-devel \
             python3-devel python3-numpy \
             python3-dateutil python3-imaging python3-matplotlib \
             gdal gdal-libs gdal-python-tools python3-gdal gdal-devel \
             wxGTK3-devel mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel \
             libXmu-devel libX11-devel

GRASS GIS 7 compilation and installation

Download source code (e.g., --> "Download latest 7.8 code)" and configure GRASS 7 (suggestion: save this as script): 

./configure \
 --with-cxx \
 --enable-largefile \
 --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
 --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
 --with-sqlite \
 --with-python \
 --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
 --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
 --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \
 --with-openmp \
 --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
 --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
 --with-fftw \
 --with-geos \
 --with-netcdf \
 --without-ffmpeg \
 --without-mysql \
 --without-postgres \
 --without-odbc \
 --without-fftw

Compile: 

   make

or on a multicore system (number depends of available cores): 

   make -j4

For a system wide installation, run as root user: 

   make install

OR simply run it directly from the source code directory (substitute ARCH with i686 or x86_64): 

   bin.$ARCH/grass78 -gui

In this case, for convenience, add it to the search path: 

   mkdir $HOME/bin
   cd $HOME/bin
   # example:
   ln -s $HOME/software/grass78_release/bin.x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/grass78 .

Now use it subsequently with 

   grass78 -gui


Installation grass78 on a HPC system with Centos 7 and no root privileges: This assumes that python3, fftw, proj, gdal and geos are available on the HPC system, either as modules or as installed software.

Download and prepare some dependencies (freetypes and zstd) 

   mkdir -p $HOME/grass/freetypes
   cd $HOME/grass/freetypes
   wget path/to/freetype-2.9.1.tar.gz
   tar -xf freetype-2.9.1.tar.gz

   mkdir $HOME/grass/zstd
   cd mkdir $HOME/grass/zstd
   wget path/to/v1.4.4/zstd-1.4.4.tar.gz
   tar -xf zstd-1.4.4.tar.gz
   make install PREFIX=./

Add the ZSTD path to your LD_LIBRARY_PATH 

   tee -a $HOME/.bashrc > /dev/null << EOT
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$HOME/grass/zstd/zstd-1.4.4/lib
   EOT

The configure command could look like this 

   ./configure \
       -prefix=$HOME/grass \
       --enable-64bit --with-fftw-includes=/path/to/fftw/include/ \
       --with-fftw-libs=/path/to/fftw/lib/ \
       --with-freetype-includes=$HOME/grass/freetypes/freetype-2.9.1/include/ \
       --with-netcdf --with-geos --with-blas --with-lapack --with-postgres \
       --with-zstd-includes=$HOME/grass/zstd/zstd-1.4.4/lib/ \
       --with-zstd-libs=$HOME/grass/zstd/zstd-1.4.4/lib/ \
       --with-gdal=/path/to/gdal-config  # This could be the path to a gdal version compiled from source

Finally usual: 

   make; make install
Gentoo
 ./configure \
   --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/"

See also http://packages.gentoo.org/package/sci-geosciences/grass

Funtoo


Dear visitor! In order to streamline our development related documentation, the page you are looking for was moved to our "trac" wiki server, simply check here:
https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/FuntooLinux
 

Fedora
GRASS GIS 8 on Fedora

Preparation for the compilation of GRASS GIS 8+ source code (F36+): 

 dnf install gcc gcc-c++ bison flex ncurses-devel gettext proj-devel \
             gdal gdal-devel sqlite-devel xml2 mesa-libGL-devel cairo-devel \
             fftw-devel mesa-libGLU-devel libXmu-devel libX11-devel geos geos-devel \
             libtiff-devel python3-devel numpy wxGTK3-devel git subversion \
             python3-dateutil python3-imaging python3-matplotlib-wx doxygen python3-sphinx \
             libzstd-devel libzstd python3-six python3-numpy python3-wxpython4 \
             proj-data PDAL-devel PDAL-libs

 # optionally also:  netcdf-devel postgresql-devel 
 #                   atlas-devel lapack-devel lapack-devel 
 #                   laszip laszip-devel
 #                   proj-data-at proj-data-au proj-data-be ...

Note 1: the optional ffmpeg-devel comes from the rpmfusion-free repository (configuration).


Download and unpack the source code:


Configure: This is an example how to configure the source code on a Fedora system: 

 ./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-geos \
  --with-pdal \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-nls \
  --with-wxwidgets=/usr/bin/wx-config \
  --with-fftw \
  --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
  --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
  --enable-largefile \
  --without-odbc

Extra 1: If you also want FFMPEG support - it requires 'dnf install fftw-devel' from the rpmfusion-free repository. Then add to the configuration lines above: 

    --with-ffmpeg --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/ffmpeg /usr/include/ffmpeg/libav* /usr/include/ffmpeg/libpostproc /usr/include/ffmpeg/libswscale" \

Extra 2: For LAPACK/BLAS support (addons i.spec.unmix, v.kriging etc), install "dnf install lapack lapack-devel blas blas-devel atlas atlas-devel". Then add to the configuration lines above: 

 --with-blas --with-blas-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \
 --with-lapack --with-lapack-includes=/usr/include/atlas-x86_64-base/ \

Extra 3: For ZSTD support (Zstandard compression algorithm), first install "dnf install libzstd libzstd-devel zstd". After installing the zstd related packages, add to the configuration lines above: 

 --with-zstd \

Finally compile the configured source code: 

   make
  or on multicore (number depends of available cores):
   make -j4
  and
   make install # requires root permissions unless you become owner of /usr/local/

Then use GRASS GIS 8 and enjoy!

openSUSE

To build GRASS on openSUSE:

Application:Geo repo to be added (see Install package Application:Geo 

# example for Leap 42 version:
sudo zypper addrepo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Application:Geo/openSUSE_Leap_42.3/Application:Geo.repo
sudo zypper refresh

RPM packages to be installed: 

 sudo zypper install bison flex freetype2-devel fftw3-devel gcc-c++ \
   libgdal-devel libgeos-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel \
   man proj libproj-devel readline-devel netcdf-devel ncurses-devel \
   mysql-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel unixODBC-devel \
   tcl-devel tk-devel xorg-x11-Mesa-devel libXmu-devel \
   python-numpy python-dateutil python-devel python-opengl \
   python-wxWidgets python-xml python-dateutil wxWidgets-devel \
   zlib-devel doxygen python-sphinx

Source code configuration: 

 ./configure \
 	--enable-largefile \
	--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
	--with-cxx \
	--with-lapack=yes \
	--with-x \
	--with-motif \
	--with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
	--with-postgres --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql \
	--with-mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
	--with-fftw \
	--with-readline \
	--with-netcdf \
	--with-curses \
	--with-geos \
	--with-nls \
	--with-sqlite \
	--with-freetype \
	--with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
	--with-wxwidgets \
	--with-odbc \
	--with-python

Then compile with "make [-j2]".

RPM SPEC files
Zaurus

... see here for instructions

macOS

Compiling GRASS GIS for macOS is not fundamentally different from for other *nix systems. It is on the contrary quite similar, but what differ is the lack of a default package management system for software GRASS GIS depends on. This leaves the mac user to either: (1) compile the dependencies one-by-one; (2) using the frameworks generously shared by William Kyngesburye; (3) compiling with one of the third-party package management systems avaliable; or (4) a combination thereof.

If you are interested in installing a precompiled version, please check out the official download site.

To date, maybe the easiest way to compile for Mac is by using GRASS GIS app build script which is based on the instructions below for building using Anaconda. It will install dependencies, package and install an app bundle with just a command in Terminal.

Compilation and installation

For more up-to-date instructions please read:

Legacy instructions

The following compilation and installation instructions are rather outdated as a whole. They do, however, contain parts and snippets that still may be very instructive and useful.

Troubleshooting:

FreeBSD / NetBSD

The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the respective package managing tools (pkg_add for FreeBSD and pkgin install for NetBSD) and for recent *BSD versions most likely installed by default.

GRASS 6.x and GRASS 7 should compile on FreeBSD 8.0 or later and NetBSD 5.0 or later (maybe also on updated NetBSD 4.x).

It is highly recommended to install GDAL/OGR and PROJ4 first. These libraries and tools are available as ports for FreeBSD and packages for NetBSD.

Optional functionality is listed with ./configure --help, and related libraries and tools might need to be installed first.

You then may need to edit include/Make/Platform.make and set 

ICONVLIB            = -liconv

Solaris

11 SPARC/i86pc

The recommended compiler tools are GCC, GNU make, GNU coreutils (for install), and flex. All are available through the Solaris package manager.

Most dependencies are available through the Solaris package manager. GDAL and proj4 can either be compiled from source or installed e.g. from OpenCSW. If packages are installed from OpenCSW, the linker flags need to be set with 

     LDFLAGS="-Wl,-R/opt/csw/lib -L/opt/csw/lib -Wl,-R/opt/csw/gxx/lib -L/opt/csw/gxx/lib"

See also the OpenCSW documentation.

10 SPARC/i86pc
  • get gcc compiler and tools. There are several sources: Solaris Companion CD (SFW pkg, installs in /opt/sfw/), Blastwave ([1], CSW pkg, installs in /opt/csw/) or Sunfreeware ([2], SMC pkg, installs in /usr/local/).

Needed Packages from Sunfreeware: SMCbinut, SMCbison, SMCcoreu, SMCfindu, SMCflex, SMCgawk, SMCgcc, SMCgrep, SMCgzip, SMCless, SMClibt, SMClicon, SMCmake, SMCncurs, SMCproj, SMCsed, SMCtar, SMCtcl, SMCtiff, SMCtk, SMCunzip, SMCzlib.

  • compile and install fftw-library ([3]). You need to re-compile the library with:
     ./configure --with-pic --enable-shared; make ; make install.

The pre-built packages don't work.

  • compile and install gdal library (see documentation of gdal, [4]).
  • compile and install any additional libraries (e. g. GEOS, [5]).
  • set compiler flags and path. e. g.:
     # on ultra-sparc machine:
     CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=v9"
     CXXFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=v9"
     PATH="/usr/local/bin:/opt/sfw/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin"
     export CFLAGS CXXFLAGS PATH

Path has to be changed for the packages (Sunfreeware: /usr/local/bin, Solaris Companion: /opt/sfw/bin, Blastwave: /opt/csw/bin).

  • Next configure, e. g.:
     ./configure --with-postgres-includes=/usr/include/pgsql/ \
     --with-postgres-libs=/usr/lib --with-postgres=yes \
     --with-includes=/usr/local/include/ncurses

If you use n(ew)curses, you have to include the path /usr/local/include/ncurses.

then: 

     make
     su
     make install

If the shared libraries are not found at runtime of the modules, use 'crle' to add the paths of the libraries for the dynamic linker, e. g. as root: 

     crle -l /lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/opt/sfw/lib:/usr/X11/lib

Be careful not to omit a library path, the system may be unusable if you forget the /lib path.

AIX

A recent GNU make (>= 3.81) and GNU coreutils are required. These are available with the IBM AIX toolbox or through third-party AIX software repositories, e.g. bullfreeware and perzl.org. Note that 'make' does not work, only 'gmake' works.

General instructions to compile on AIX are e.g. here

On AIX, compilation results by default in 32 bit applications and static libraries. The IBM documentation explains how to build 64 bit applications and shared libraries with GCC.

GRASS 6: Using the IBM xlc compiler:

Mike wrote in 2009:

After attempting all the suggestions, I finally used --disable-shared on the configure command, and all but a handful of modules successfully compiled. I was able to individually address the ones that failed through Makefile edits and several small source code/header file edits.

The environment variables and configure command that worked were: 

# xlc compiler:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/opt/freeware/bin:$PATH
export OBJECT_MODE=64
export LIBICONV=/opt/freeware
export CC="xlc_r -q64"
export CFLAGS="-O -qstrict"
export CXX="xlC_r -q64"
export CXXFLAGS="-O -qstrict"
export AR="ar -X64"
export F77="xlf_r -q64"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/afs/isis/pkg/libpng/include -I/usr/local/include -I$LIBICONV/include -I/usr/lpp/X11/include/X11"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L$LIBICONV/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lc"

./configure --prefix=/afs/isis/pkg/grass-6.4.0 \
  --enable-64bit \
  --disable-shared \
  --with-includes="/usr/include/fontconfig /usr/include/X11 /usr/include/X11/Xft /usr/include/X11/ext" \
  --x-includes=/usr/include/X11 \
  --x-libraries=/usr/X11R6/lib \
  --with-fftw-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/include \
  --with-fftw-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/fftw-3.2.2/lib \
  --with-gdal=/afs/isis/pkg/gdal/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-proj-includes=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/include \
  --with-proj-libs=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/lib \
  --with-proj-share=/afs/isis/pkg/proj/share/proj \
  --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/local/include \
  --with-tcltk-libs=/usr/local/lib \
  --with-opengl-includes=/usr/include/GL

GRASS 7: Using the IBM xlc compiler:

Get and install (in this order):

The environment variables and configure command that worked: 

## AIX 5.x

export LIBPATH=/opt/freeware/lib64:/opt/freeware/lib
# make 'ar' happy
export OBJECT_MODE=64

PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin
./configure \
  --prefix=$PREFIX \
  --disable-shared \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-tiff=no \
  --with-png=no \
  --with-fftw=no \
  --with-cairo=no \
  --with-freetype=no

GRASS 7: Using the GNU gcc compiler:

Get and install (in this order):

The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 5.x: 

## AIX 5.x

export LIBPATH=/opt/freeware/lib64:/opt/freeware/lib
# make 'ar' happy
export OBJECT_MODE=64

PREFIX=$HOME/private/bin
CFLAGS='-ansi -D_ALL_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_SOURCE=1 -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -Dinline=' ./configure \
  --prefix=$PREFIX \
  --disable-shared \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-tiff=no \
  --with-png=no \
  --with-fftw=no \
  --with-cairo=no \
  --with-freetype=no

The environment variables and configure command that worked for AIX 7.x: 

## AIX 7.x
export CC="gcc"
export CXX="g++"
PREFIX=$HOME/bin

LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bsvr4,-R,/opt/freeware/lib -L/opt/freeware/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/freeware/include" ./configure \
  --prefix=$PREFIX \
  --enable-largefile \
  --enable-shared \
  --with-includes=/opt/freeware/include --with-libs=/opt/freeware/lib \
  --with-cxx \
  --with-proj-includes=$PREFIX/include/ \
  --with-proj-libs=$PREFIX/lib/ \
  --with-proj-share=$PREFIX/share/proj/ \
  --with-gdal=$PREFIX/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-sqlite-libs=$PREFIX/lib --with-sqlite-includes=$PREFIX/include \
  --with-png=no \
  --with-tiff=no \
  --with-fftw=no \
  --with-cairo=no \
  --with-opengl=no \
  --with-freetype=no

MS-Windows

See also WinGRASS Current Status for latest updates.

MS-Windows/native

GRASS GIS on Windows using a standalone installer. It is still MinGW based (we are going to move this to CMake in 2024+).

Instructions to compile from source code:

MS-Windows/OSGeo4W

OSGeo4W is an installer for a broad set of open source geospatial software packages including GRASS GIS as well as many other packages (QGIS, GDAL/OGR, and more).

MS-Windows/Cygwin

Common problems and solutions

During compilation, error can occur if certain packages are not installed. Here a list of problems with solution:

  • error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory
    • this suggests that you don't have the X headers installed
    • Solution: Install the libx11-dev package
  • error: g.list: error while loading shared libraries: libgdal1.6.0.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
    • this error appears in the shell right after the user clicks GUI's "Start GRASS" button. The GUI shows an error about geographic extent and gets closed afterwards.
    • It happens when you launch bin.i686 executable on 64bit system. Be careful and choose the right architecture.
  • error: lib/python/ctypes
    • This error appears during the compilation: free(): invalid pointer Aborted (core dumped)
    • It happens when you have multiple libproj versions on your system (check it with command ldd PATH_TO_GRASS_INSTALL/lib/libgrass_gproj.so | grep proj - when this is not your problem, you should obtain exactly one result)
    • Solution: Try to reinstall libproj-dev and proj-data

Static compilation

In order to get static rather than dynamically linked binaries, configure like this: 

 ./configure --disable-shared --enable-static

This will however break the wxGUI and GRASS 7 completely because "ctypes" wants to link against shared libs, or there is something in the static libs that "ctypes" does not like.

Optimization

GCC and other compilers support optimization

If you would like to set compiler optimisations, for a possibly faster binary, type (don't enter a ";" anywhere): 

       CFLAGS=-O ./configure

or, 

       setenv CFLAGS -O
       ./configure

whichever works on your shell. Use -O2 instead of -O if your compiler supports this (note: O is the letter, not zero). Using the "gcc" compiler, you can also specify processor specific flags (examples, please suggest better settings to us): 

 CFLAGS="-mcpu=athlon -O2" # AMD Athlon processor with code optimisations
 CFLAGS="-march=amdfam10"  # AMD Phenom II X4 64bit processor with gcc >=4.3
 CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium"    # Intel Pentium processor
 CFLAGS="-mcpu=pentium4"   # Intel Pentium4 processor
 CFLAGS="-O2 -msse -msse2 -mfpmath=sse -minline-all-stringops" # Intel XEON 64bit processor
 CFLAGS="-mtune=nocona -m64 -minline-all-stringops"            # Intel Pentium 64bit processor


To find out optional CFLAGS for your platform, enter: 

 gcc -dumpspecs

See also: http://gcc.gnu.org/

A real fast GRASS version (and small binaries) will be created with LDFLAGS set to "stripping" (but this disables debugging): 

 CFLAGS="-O2 -mcpu=<cpu_see_above> -Wall" LDFLAGS="-s" ./configure

Configure options and their meanings

For configure there are many options and some GRASS modules are built only if some options are set. Here are listed common configuration options with short explanation.

  • --prefix=/path - Sets path where GRASS will be installed. GRASS will reside in /path/grass-version.
  • --enable-largefile - Enables large (>2Gb on 32bit systems) support. For current large file support status look at Large File Support page.
  • --with-cxx - Enables compilation of C++ code. Required for r.terraflow module.
  • --with-readline - Enables readline support. If readline is enabled, you can use its history/editing facilities when entering r.mapcalc expressions on stdin.
  • --with-glw - Enables GLw support. The GLw library provides OpenGL "canvas" widgets for Athena and Motif.
That switch is unnecessary for normal compilation. It's only
required for r3.showdspf, which isn't normally built; if you 
want it, you have build it manually 
(e.g. "make -C raster3d/r3.showdspf").
As similar functionality is now provided by NVIZ, r3.showdspf
is deprecated.
r3.showdspf uses the Motif widget (so you also need a 
Motif library, e.g. Lesstif or OpenMotif).
Glynn Clements at GRASS-user mailing list

Parallelized compilation on multi-core CPUs

You can dramatically accelerate the compilation of the GRASS code with the -j flag of "make" if you have a multi-core CPU system. This determines the maximum number of jobs to have running at once, so cores don't have to sit idle waiting for jobs on other cores to complete. A good rule of thumb for this value is number_of_cores * 1.5, but note that setting any higher than the actual number of cores will only affect the timing slightly. For example, on a dual-core processor: 

 make -j 4


GRASS-GDAL plugin

Addons

Please note that the installation of Addons can be easily done with the g.extension manager. The compile instructions below are aiming at own development.

Compiled modules

This is the general way which works for C modules as well as scripts (Python or Shell/Bash modules) which has HTML documentation.

Requirements:

Either:

  • a binary GRASS package, or
  • source code which has been prepared with:
   ./configure [opionally flags]
   make libs

Each of the addon modules should come with a Makefile. To compile it, just run: 

   make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/

Note that the /path/to/grass64 has to be absolute, not relative.

If using Bash it may be useful to set that up as an alias: 

   alias gmake64='make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/'

Installation (perhaps requires "sudo"): 

   make MODULE_TOPDIR=/path/to/grass64/ install

Note: Compiled addons may require a re-compilation if you changed/updated your GRASS standard binaries.

If binary comes with a -dev package

(work in progress, this text states how it eventually will be :) Nowadays one does not need to the source code, nor compiling GRASS by oneself to be able to add add-ons. On Debian, you can just install the grass-dev package and then run: 

make MODULE_TOPDIR=/usr/lib/grass64/ INST_DIR=/usr/lib/grass64/

The grass-dev package essentially provides GRASS's include header files and Make configuration files.

Scripts

If the addon module is a script, it is sufficient to copy it into the (GRASS binaries) path somewhere. Alternatively, install addons into a separate GRASS addons binaries/scripts directory which is easier to maintain. It avoids getting clobbered every time you reinstall GRASS. To use these separately stored scripts, set and export the GRASS_ADDON_PATH environment variable before starting GRASS and it will automatically be added to the module search path (see the variables help page). To simplify this, do for example: 

# add in $HOME/.bashrc:
GRASS_ADDON_PATH=/usr/local/grass/addons/
export GRASS_ADDON_PATH

Make sure that the script is executable, then just call it in GRASS typing the filename. Python scripts need to be called writing the extension as well, like: 

GRASS 6.5.svn (spearfish60):~ > v.krige.py
Retrieved from "https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/w/index.php?title=Compile_and_Install&oldid=28008"