R statistics: Difference between revisions

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High quality statistic analysis in GRASS GIS is possible thanks to an interface to the most powerful statistics analysis package around: '''''R''''' (http://www.r-project.org).
=== Overview ===


There is support for:
High quality statistic analysis in GRASS GIS is possible thanks to an interface to one of the most powerful statistics analysis package around: '''''R''''' ([http://www.r-project.org/ http://www.r-project.org]). This R ←→ GRASS GIS interface is provided by the [https://cran.r-project.org/package=rgrass7 rgrass7] ''R'' addon package. The possibility to directly interact with R strongly increases the statistical and geospatial analysis capabilities of GRASS. See [https://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Spatial.html CRAN Task View: Analysis of Spatial Data] for an overview of the R packages and functions that can be used for reading, visualizing, and analyzing spatial data. 
* The [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spgrass6/ '''spgrass6'''] ''R'' addon package provides a convenient R ←→ GRASS GIS 6 interface
* The [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgrass7/ '''rgrass7'''] ''R'' addon package provides a convenient R ←→ GRASS GIS 7 interface


Using R in GRASS GIS directly can have two meanings:
R can be used in conjunction with GRASS GIS in different ways:


* The '''first''' is that R is run "on top of" GRASS, transferring GRASS data to R to run statistical functions on the imported data as R objects in memory, and possibly transfer the results back to GRASS.
* ''Running R 'on top of' GRASS'', transferring GRASS data to R to run statistical functions on the imported data as R objects in memory, and possibly transfer the results back to GRASS. GRASS raster and vector data can be imported in R using the [https://rdrr.io/rforge/rgrass7/man/readVECT.html readVECT()] and [https://rdrr.io/rforge/rgrass7/man/readRAST.html readRAST()] function provided by [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgrass7/ rgrass7]. Similarly, results can be written back using the [https://rdrr.io/rforge/rgrass7/man/readRAST.html writeRAST()] and [https://rdrr.io/rforge/rgrass7/man/readVECT.html writeVECT()] functions.
* The '''second''' is to leave the data mostly in GRASS, and to use R as a scripting language "on top of" GRASS with execGRASS() - in this case, little data is moved to R, so memory constraints are not important, but R functionality is available.
* ''Using R as a scripting language in GRASS''. GRASS functions can be run from R using the [https://rdrr.io/rforge/rgrass7/man/execGRASS.html execGRASS()] function in the ''rgrass7'' package. R scripting tools, such as powerful string-processing tools and functions for manipulating file names, can be used to 'glue' different functions and tools together.
 
* ''Using GRASS GIS as a geospatial library in R''. GRASS GIS can be used to extent the geospatial capability of R by: (1) offering an extensive and robust set of geospatial tools, and (2) provides a way to work with very large (larger-than-memory) spatial data sets. See Using 'GRASS GIS functionality within a R session' below for more information.
=== Overview ===


* [https://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Spatial.html CRAN Task View: Analysis of Spatial Data]
In practice, one will often combine different approaches, with scripts running GRASS functions, importing resulting layers in R for further analysis and visualization, and creating new layers in R that are imported back in GRASS.
* Representing and handling spatial and spatio-temporal data in R: sp, rgdal, maptools packages ([http://geostat-course.org/system/files/geostat_talk_150817.pdf slides], [http://geostat-course.org/system/files/bivand_bundle.zip script & data]) by R Bivand, 2015


=== Installation ===
=== Installation ===


See [[R_statistics/Installation]]
To install the R addon '''rgrass7''' on newer versions of R, you simply start R and install the package directly with:


=== Command help ===
<source lang="rsplus">
install.packages("rgrass7", dependencies = TRUE)
</source>
 
This will install '''''rgrass7''''' and all its dependencies. To use the addon, you first need to load it:


Start the ''R'' help browser:
<source lang="rsplus">
<source lang="rsplus">
help.start()
library("rgrass7")
</source>
</source>


* GRASS GIS 6: Select the '''Packages''' entry and then '''spgrass6'''.
If you are using Rstudio, you can install the addon in the usual way (tool → packages). For further instructions and for trouble shooting, see [[R_statistics/Installation]]
* GRASS GIS 7: Select the '''Packages''' entry and then '''rgrass7'''.


=== Usage Examples ===
=== How to use ===
 
You can use Using R in conjunction with GRASS GIS in two different ways: (1) run R within a GRASS GIS session, and (2) run GRASS GIS within a R session.


==== Using R within a GRASS GIS session ====
==== Using R within a GRASS GIS session ====


* GRASS GIS 6: See [[R_statistics/spgrass6]]
If you are primarily a GIS user who wants to run e.g., some statistical tests not available in GRASS, you probably want to run R from within a GRASS GIS session. To do so, first start GRASS GIS and then start R (or RStudio) from the GRASS GIS command line.
* GRASS GIS 7: See [[R_statistics/rgrass7]]
 
** '''NEW EXAMPLE:''' Raster Time Series processing with GRASS GIS and R! Check the [https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Temporal_data_processing/GRASS_R_raster_time_series_processing temporal data processing wiki].
For more information and examples, see [[R_statistics/rgrass7]]. For a more advanced example of raster Time Series processing with GRASS GIS and R, check the [https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Temporal_data_processing/GRASS_R_raster_time_series_processing temporal data processing wiki].


==== Using GRASS GIS functionality within a R session ====
==== Using GRASS GIS functionality within a R session ====


* GRASS GIS 6: See [[R_statistics/spgrass6]]
If you are primarily a R user, who wants to take advantage of the advanced geospatial functions in GRASS, you probably want to use GRASS GIS within a R session. To connect to a GRASS GIS database from within R (or Rstudio), see the instructions on [[R_statistics/rgrass7]]. If you are a first time GRASS GIS User, you may want to check out the information for [https://grass.osgeo.org/grass7/ first time users] first.
* GRASS GIS 7: See [[R_statistics/rgrass7]]


=== Getting Support ===
=== Getting help ===


* Primary support for ''R'' + GRASS and the ''spgrass6'' package is through the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-stats grass-stats] mailing list.
==== Manual pages ====
If you are in R and have loaded the rgrass7 package, you can get the help page of ''rgrass7'' by typing:


=== See also ===
<source lang="rsplus">
?rgrass7
</source>


* R. Bivand, 2007: [http://spatial.nhh.no/R/etc/FBK07 Interfacing R and OSGeo projects: status and perspectives] (Presentation with slides and scripts)
Similarly, to get help for a specific function, e.g., for the function ''readRAST()'', you type:


* http://grass.ibiblio.org/statsgrass/index.php#grassR
<source lang="rsplus">
?readRAST
</source>


* Using GRASS GIS 6 and R: https://web.archive.org/web/20090623093535/http://grass.osgeo.org/statsgrass/grass_geostats.html
You can also start the ''R'' help page in your browser:
 
<source lang="rsplus">
help.start()
</source>


* Connecting R to RDBMS: http://grassold.osgeo.org/statsgrass/r_and_dbms.html
Now, to get the information about the package, select the '''Packages''' entry and then '''rgrass7'''.  


* [http://www.r-project.org R-Statistics homepage]
==== Support from the community ====


* [http://r-spatial.sourceforge.net/ R-spatial main web page]
Primary support for ''R'' + GRASS and the ''rgrass7'' package is through the [http://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-stats grass-stats] mailing list.


* [http://geodacenter.asu.edu/r-spatial-projects R Spatial Projects at ASU]
=== Useful links ===


* Neural Networks with GRASS and R (posted by Markus Neteler on the grass-user mailing list) https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.015
==== R ====


* A detailed example on the use of GRASS and R, with spearfish data: http://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/drupal/node/438
* [http://r-spatial.org/ R][http://r-spatial.org/ -spatial main web page]
* [https://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Spatial.html CRAN Task View: Analysis of Spatial Data]
* [https://cengel.github.io/rspatial/2_spDataTypes.nb.html Introduction to Spatial Data Types in R]
* <code>sp</code>: [https://github.com/edzer/sp R Classes and Methods for Spatial Data]
* <code>sf</code>: [https://github.com/r-spatial/sf Simple Features for R]
* [https://blog.dominodatalab.com/applied-spatial-data-science-with-r/ Applied Spatial Data Science with R] (blog post with examples)


* Using R and GRASS with cygwin: It is possible to use Rterm inside the GRASS shell in cygwin, just as in Unix/Linux or OSX. You should not, however, start Rterm from a cygwin xterm, because Rterm is not expecting to be run in an xterm under Windows, and loses its input. If you use the regular cygwin bash shell, but need to start display windows, start X from within GRASS with startx &, and then start Rterm in the same cygwin shell, not in the xterm.
==== Related ====


* [http://r-spatial.sourceforge.net/ Spatial data in R] (<code>sp</code>) is a '''''R''''' library that provides classes and methods for spatial data (points, lines, polygons, grids), and to new or existing spatial statistics '''''R''''' packages that use sp, depend on sp, or will become dependent on <code>sp</code>, such as <code>maptools</code>, <code>rgdal</code>, <code>splancs</code>, '''<code>spgrass6</code>''', <code>gstat</code>, <code>spgwr</code> and many others.
* [https://rpy2.bitbucket.io/ Python interface to the R Programming Language]: can be used to run R in GRASS Python scripts.


* [http://rpy.sourceforge.net/ RPy] - Python interface to the R Programming Language
==== Articles & books ====


=== Open tickets ===
* Neural Networks with GRASS and R [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.015]
* [http://www.asdar-book.org/ Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R]. Roger S. Bivand, Edzer Pebesma and V. Gómez-Rubio. UseR! Series, Springer. 2nd ed. 2013, xviii+405 pp., Softcover. ISBN: 978-1-4614-7617-7
* [http://www.grassbook.org/ GRASS Book], see last chapter
* [http://www.osgeo.org/journal OSGeo Journal] vol. 1 May 2007 (R. Bivand. Using the R— GRASS interface. ''OSGeo Journal'', 1:31-33, May 2007. ISSN 1614-8746).
* [http://grass.osgeo.org/newsletter/grassnews3.html GRASS News vol.3], June 2005 (R. Bivand. Interfacing GRASS 6 and R. ''GRASS Newsletter'', 3:11-16, June 2005. ISSN 1614-8746)


* Ticket {{trac|1103}} (new enhancement) WinGrass64 - windows-commandline not released: a Grass-session with wxGui, command-line and R inside a Grass-session would be possible (as already does in WinGrass7)
==== Older (but still useful) links ====


=== Workshop material ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090623093535/http://grass.osgeo.org/statsgrass/grass_geostats.html Using GRASS GIS 6 and R]
* [http://grassold.osgeo.org/statsgrass/r_and_dbms.html Connecting R to RDBMS]
* R. Bivand, 2007: [http://spatial.nhh.no/R/etc/FBK07 Interfacing R and OSGeo projects: status and perspectives]: Presentation with slides and scripts.
* M. Neteler and M. Metz, 2011: ''Introduction to GRASS GIS''. GEOSTAT 2011 Landau. [http://geostat-course.org/Topic_NetelerMetz_2011 Download workshop material] (includes a R session)


* M. Neteler and M. Metz, 2011: ''Introduction to GRASS GIS''. GEOSTAT 2011 Landau. [http://geostat-course.org/Topic_NetelerMetz_2011 Download workshop material] '''(includes a R session)'''
=== Note for users of the legacy GRASS GIS 6 ===


=== Articles ===
If you are still using GRASS GIS 6, see [[R_statistics/spgrass6]] for instructions and examples of using GRASS GIS in conjunction with R. However, you are strongly encouraged to upgrade to GRASS GIS 7. Not only does it offer many improvements and new functionalities (see this [https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/Grass7/NewFeatures overview of New features]), it also provides a smoother R-GRASS integration on the Windows platform.


* [http://grass.osgeo.org/newsletter/grassnews3.html GRASS News vol.3], June 2005 (R. Bivand. Interfacing GRASS 6 and R. ''GRASS Newsletter'', 3:11-16, June 2005. ISSN 1614-8746).
About using R and GRASS with cygwin: It is possible to use Rterm inside the GRASS shell in cygwin, just as in Unix/Linux or OSX. You should not, however, start Rterm from a cygwin xterm, because Rterm is not expecting to be run in a xterm under Windows, and loses its input. If you use the regular cygwin bash shell, but need to start display windows, start X from within GRASS with startx &, and then start Rterm in the same cygwin shell, not in the xterm.
* [http://www.osgeo.org/journal OSGeo Journal] vol. 1 May 2007 (R. Bivand. Using the R— GRASS interface. ''OSGeo Journal'', 1:31-33, May 2007. ISSN 1614-8746).
* [http://www.grassbook.org GRASS Book, last chapter]


[[Category:Installation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Revision as of 12:41, 11 August 2017

Overview

High quality statistic analysis in GRASS GIS is possible thanks to an interface to one of the most powerful statistics analysis package around: R (http://www.r-project.org). This R ←→ GRASS GIS interface is provided by the rgrass7 R addon package. The possibility to directly interact with R strongly increases the statistical and geospatial analysis capabilities of GRASS. See CRAN Task View: Analysis of Spatial Data for an overview of the R packages and functions that can be used for reading, visualizing, and analyzing spatial data.

R can be used in conjunction with GRASS GIS in different ways:

  • Running R 'on top of' GRASS, transferring GRASS data to R to run statistical functions on the imported data as R objects in memory, and possibly transfer the results back to GRASS. GRASS raster and vector data can be imported in R using the readVECT() and readRAST() function provided by rgrass7. Similarly, results can be written back using the writeRAST() and writeVECT() functions.
  • Using R as a scripting language in GRASS. GRASS functions can be run from R using the execGRASS() function in the rgrass7 package. R scripting tools, such as powerful string-processing tools and functions for manipulating file names, can be used to 'glue' different functions and tools together.
  • Using GRASS GIS as a geospatial library in R. GRASS GIS can be used to extent the geospatial capability of R by: (1) offering an extensive and robust set of geospatial tools, and (2) provides a way to work with very large (larger-than-memory) spatial data sets. See Using 'GRASS GIS functionality within a R session' below for more information.

In practice, one will often combine different approaches, with scripts running GRASS functions, importing resulting layers in R for further analysis and visualization, and creating new layers in R that are imported back in GRASS.

Installation

To install the R addon rgrass7 on newer versions of R, you simply start R and install the package directly with: 

install.packages("rgrass7", dependencies = TRUE)

This will install rgrass7 and all its dependencies. To use the addon, you first need to load it: 

library("rgrass7")

If you are using Rstudio, you can install the addon in the usual way (tool → packages). For further instructions and for trouble shooting, see R_statistics/Installation

How to use

You can use Using R in conjunction with GRASS GIS in two different ways: (1) run R within a GRASS GIS session, and (2) run GRASS GIS within a R session.

Using R within a GRASS GIS session

If you are primarily a GIS user who wants to run e.g., some statistical tests not available in GRASS, you probably want to run R from within a GRASS GIS session. To do so, first start GRASS GIS and then start R (or RStudio) from the GRASS GIS command line.

For more information and examples, see R_statistics/rgrass7. For a more advanced example of raster Time Series processing with GRASS GIS and R, check the temporal data processing wiki.

Using GRASS GIS functionality within a R session

If you are primarily a R user, who wants to take advantage of the advanced geospatial functions in GRASS, you probably want to use GRASS GIS within a R session. To connect to a GRASS GIS database from within R (or Rstudio), see the instructions on R_statistics/rgrass7. If you are a first time GRASS GIS User, you may want to check out the information for first time users first.

Getting help

Manual pages

If you are in R and have loaded the rgrass7 package, you can get the help page of rgrass7 by typing: 

?rgrass7

Similarly, to get help for a specific function, e.g., for the function readRAST(), you type: 

?readRAST

You can also start the R help page in your browser: 

help.start()

Now, to get the information about the package, select the Packages entry and then rgrass7.

Support from the community

Primary support for R + GRASS and the rgrass7 package is through the grass-stats mailing list.

Useful links

R

Related

Articles & books

Older (but still useful) links

Note for users of the legacy GRASS GIS 6

If you are still using GRASS GIS 6, see R_statistics/spgrass6 for instructions and examples of using GRASS GIS in conjunction with R. However, you are strongly encouraged to upgrade to GRASS GIS 7. Not only does it offer many improvements and new functionalities (see this overview of New features), it also provides a smoother R-GRASS integration on the Windows platform.

About using R and GRASS with cygwin: It is possible to use Rterm inside the GRASS shell in cygwin, just as in Unix/Linux or OSX. You should not, however, start Rterm from a cygwin xterm, because Rterm is not expecting to be run in a xterm under Windows, and loses its input. If you use the regular cygwin bash shell, but need to start display windows, start X from within GRASS with startx &, and then start Rterm in the same cygwin shell, not in the xterm.

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