Natural Hazards
Review of Natural Hazard
The following is a list of natural events and relative existing models, procedures, or works. Please feed the list with other phenomena and resources.
Rockfall
- r.rockcone (soon in GRASS-Addons)
Rockcone implement a quick and low-cost determination of areas endangered by rockfalls following an heuristic approach: a block tarting from a source will travel down the slope and stop at the intersection point of the topography with a so called energy line drawn from the source point and making an angle φ with horizontal.
- r.sass3D (in development by the IST-SUPSI)
Sass3d is 3D rock fall model accounting for flying routine (air trajectory), rebound routine (energy loss) & rolling routine (equivalent sliding approach).
Avalanche
missing, existing slope instability zonation applications (Raghavan et al. 2004)
Debris Flow
- r.debris paper
- r.dfw
Is an empirical model to estimate areas involved by the diffusion of the debris. It uses a Monte Carlo approach based on wolkers. The outputs are raster estimates of velocity, sedimentation height, and number of random walk. The Perla velocity model is applied.
Flood
- r.topkapi
- r.water.fea
- r.hydro.CASC2D (in GIPE)
- r.damflood
- r.swe
- Flood simulation using the r.lake module
Landslide
- missing flow models
- exists slope instability zonation (Avalanche risk management using GRASS GIS. Marco Ciolli and Paolo Zatelli, 2002, Geomatic Workbooks)
Erosion
- Erosion/deposition modeling in complex terrain using GIS, Tutorial, Helena Mitasova, http://skagit.meas.ncsu.edu/~helena/gmslab/index.html
Tsunami
- r.tsunami in GRASS-Addons
This script implementing the metodology described in MAPPE DI INONDAZIONE DOVUTE A TSUNAMI MEDIANTE IL GIS GRASS: APPLICAZIONE ALL'ISOLA DI ST. LUCIA, CARAIBI, Cannata M, B. Federici, M. Molinari, 2006, http://gislab.dirap.unipa.it/grass_meeting/articoli/tsunami_santa_lucia.pdf.
This work shows the application and the validation of a procedure in GRASS to realize tsunami inundation maps based on the morphological characteristics, the vegetation and the settlements of the analyzed coast. Such a procedure, already illustrated in the VII GRASS Italian Users Meeting, and then improved, allow the estimation of the maximum vertical height of the tsunami waves hitting the coast (run-up) and the subsequent diffusion over the inland areas, as a function of the morphology, the vegetation, and the urbanization of the coastal area. The model, already successfully applied for the ligurian coast, has to be tested in different areas in order to validate a global applicability. For this reason the selected case study was the Caribbean island of St. Lucia. Based on elevation data, land-use, coast-line, observations, and studies, the methodology was applied and the inundation maps for three different event was estimated. The results were compared historical data and other estimates, verifying the general validity of the method.
Desertification
WildFire
last update: --Maxi 17:00, 21 February 2008 (CET)