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<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="attention" style="-moz-border-radius:30px; border: 1px double #35824B; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 1em; background-color: #f9f9f9;">
<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="attention" style="-moz-border-radius:30px; border: 1px double #35824B; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 1em; background-color: #f9f9f9;">
<p style="font-size: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="color:#35824B">'''Attention'''</span>&nbsp;</p><span style="color:#333333">'''The following instructions describe the compilation and installation of GRASS 6.x or even 7.x and its required dependencies completely from the source on Ubuntu based systems. Please, prefer pre-compiled packages over the manual way described below unless you know ''what'' and ''how'', you want to learn and help testing.'''</span>
<p style="font-size: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="color:#35824B">'''Attention'''</span>&nbsp;</p><span style="color:#333333">'''The following instructions describe the compilation and installation of GRASS GIS and its required dependencies completely from the source on Ubuntu based systems. Please, prefer pre-compiled packages over the manual way described below unless you know ''what'' and ''how'', you want to learn and help testing.'''</span>
</div>
</div>


== Very Important notes ==
== Quick instructions ==
 
These instructions should work fine on Ubuntu distributions:
 
=== Install geospatial dependencies ===
 
1. Install some dependencies (PROJ, GEOS, GDAL libraries) and the compiler tools <br />
(note: you need Python 3)
 
<source lang="bash">
# be sure to have an updated system
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
 
# install PROJ
sudo apt install libproj-dev proj-data proj-bin unzip -y
</source>
 
<source lang="bash">
# optionally, install (selected) datum grid files
sudo apt-get install proj-data
 
# install GEOS
sudo apt install libgeos-dev -y
 
# install GDAL
sudo apt install libgdal-dev python3-gdal gdal-bin -y
 
# install PDAL (optional)
sudo apt install libpdal-dev pdal -y
 
# Python3 precedence over Python2 (which is end-of-life since 2019, so it should be the default anyway)
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 1
</source>
 
Install compiler stuff and further dependencies.
Note: this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:
 
=== Install further compilation dependencies (Ubuntu 22.04) ===
 
For Ubuntu 22.04:
<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get install \
  build-essential \
  flex make bison gcc libgcc1 g++ ccache \
  python3 python3-dev python3-pip \
  python3-opengl python3-wxgtk4.0 \
  python3-dateutil libgsl-dev python3-numpy \
  wx3.0-headers wx-common libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev \
  libwxbase3.0-dev  \
  libncurses5-dev \
  libbz2-dev \
  zlib1g-dev gettext \
  libtiff5-dev libpnglite-dev \
  libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
  sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev \
  libpdal-dev libpq-dev \
  libreadline-dev libfreetype6-dev \
  libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
  libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
  git libzstd-dev \
  checkinstall \
  libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
  ghostscript wget -y
</source>
 
For NVIZ on Ubuntu:
<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get install \
  ffmpeg libavutil-dev ffmpeg2theora \
  libffmpegthumbnailer-dev \
  libavcodec-dev \
  libxmu-dev \
  libavformat-dev libswscale-dev -y
</source>
 
Update wxpython:


* Pre-compiled packages and backports are available from [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGIS UbuntuGIS] via their [https://launchpad.net/~ubuntugis/+archive/ppa/ ppa.launchpad] repositories. '''This is by far the simplest and fastest solution. Please prefer it over the manual way described below.'''
<source lang="bash">
** Daily builds of SVN 7.0 release branch and trunk are available from ppa:grass/grass-devel
# be sure to pick the correct Ubuntu version
**: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grass/grass-devel
pip3 install -U -f https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-22.04 wxPython
**: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis-unstable
</source>
** Latest version of GRASS 7.0 is available from ppa:grass/grass-stable
**: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grass/grass-stable
*: sudo apt-get update


* To build an updated version of GRASS or support libraries unmodified, in most cases it will be easier to use an automated build tool such as ''pbuilder'', ''debuild'' or ''cowbuilder''. See the <source lang="bash" enclose="none">debian/</source> directory in the source code for details.
=== Source code download ===
Now we have all "ingredients" readily installed on our system.


* Some things change fast and therefore it is expected that the instructions might fail. Please inform the grass-user list in case something just does not work (like for example non-available dependecies/packages from the repositories) or update this page respectively.
'''Source code download''':


* GRASS version 6.5 exists for development purposes, testing features to-be backported to version 6.4. As such it may include unstable code and is not intended for production and end-users.
There a two ways of getting the source code: either use a) the weekly snapshot (cannot be updated, or b) the source code from the GitHub repository (you can update your local copy easily in future):


* An alternate method is to use the DebianGIS packaging scripts, which enable a lot of this to happen automatically (see [https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4/debian/README.debian debian/README.debian] in the GRASS Subversion source code repository). Specifically, this command will get you 90% of the way there: <source lang="bash">sudo apt-get build-dep grass</source>
'''a) Download of the weekly source code snapshot (not recommended):'''
: ''(you'll need to have the deb-src lines active in your /etc/apt/sources.list file)''
<source lang="bash">
# download latest GRASS GIS 8.x stable release source code:
mkdir $HOME/src/
cd  $HOME/src/
wget https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/source/snapshot/grass-8.4.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz


== Quick instructions ==
# Unpack source code package and remove tarball archive:
tar xvfz grass-8.4.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz
rm -f grass-8.4.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz
 
# rename source code directory (yes, with the questionmarks!)
mv grass-8.4.git_src_snapshot_20??_??_?? grass-8.4.latest
cd grass-8.4.latest/
</source>
 
'''b) Download of the current development version from GitHub (adopt the path below accordingly)'''
 
Note: to find the current version number (8_x), see https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/branches:
 
<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/OSGeo/grass.git grass-8.4.latest.git
cd grass-8.4.latest.git/
git checkout releasebranch_8_4
</source>
 
=== Compilation ===
Now we can '''compile''' the source code in order to generate the GRASS GIS binaries:
 
<source lang="bash">
# "configure" source code for local machine (checks for CPU type etc):
MYCFLAGS='-O2 -fPIC -fno-common -fexceptions -std=gnu99 -fstack-protector -m64'
#MYCXXFLAGS=''
MYLDFLAGS='-Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,-z,now'
 
LDFLAGS="$MYLDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$MYCFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$MYCXXFLAGS" ./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-python \
  --with-geos \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-nls \
  --with-zstd \
  --with-pdal \
  --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
  --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/" \
  --with-wxwidgets \
  --with-fftw \
  --with-openmp \
  --with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL \
  --with-postgres=yes --with-postgres-includes="/usr/include/postgresql" \
  --without-netcdf \
  --without-mysql \
  --without-odbc \
  --without-ffmpeg
</source>
 
Now compile the source code (this will take some time as it generates binary code from the source code):
<source lang="bash">
# note: the more CPUs you have, the higher the -j number may be set to
# here: build using 4 CPU cores
make -j4
</source>
 
=== Installation ===


Install resulting GRASS GIS binaries into /usr/local/:
<source lang="bash">
<source lang="bash">
tar xzf grass-6.4.3.tar.gz
sudo make install
cd grass-6.4.3/
</source>
# install build dependency packages:
sudo apt-get build-dep grass
# configure to taste..
CFLAGS="-O2 -ggdb -march=native -Wall -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -fno-common -Wextra -Wunused" \
  ./configure \
    --x-includes=/usr/include --x-libraries=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu \
    --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.5 --with-cairo \
    --with-motif --with-python=/usr/bin/python2.7-config \
    --with-readline --with-cxx --with-odbc --with-sqlite \
    --with-freetype --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
    --with-postgres --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
    --enable-64bit --with-pthread -with-openmp \
    --with-wxwidgets=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/wx/config/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 \
    --with-geos \
    2>&1 | tee config_log.txt
# build using 4 CPU cores
time make -j 4 2>&1 | tee build_log.txt


sudo make install
Start GRASS GIS in the terminal:
<source lang="bash">
grass
</source>
</source>
'''Done & enjoy!'''


== Hints ==
== Hints ==
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* In multi-core processors, the compilation performance can be boosted by using  ''-j''  switches (e.g. <source lang="bash" enclose="none">make -j2</source>  or  <source lang="bash" enclose="none">make -j3</source>  or even <source lang="bash" enclose="none">make -j4</source>) which specify the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously.
* In multi-core processors, the compilation performance can be boosted by using  ''-j''  switches (e.g. <source lang="bash" enclose="none">make -j2</source>  or  <source lang="bash" enclose="none">make -j3</source>  or even <source lang="bash" enclose="none">make -j4</source>) which specify the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously.
== Pre-compiled packages and backports ==
'''Pre-compiled packages and backports''' are available from [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGIS UbuntuGIS] via their [https://launchpad.net/~ubuntugis/+archive/ppa/ ppa.launchpad stable] and [https://launchpad.net/~ubuntugis/+archive/ubuntu/ubuntugis-unstable ppa.launchpad unstable] repositories. '''This is by far the simplest and fastest solution. Please prefer it over the manual way of compiling source code yourself as described below.'''
Version overview:
* noble 8.3
* jammy (22.04): 8.3
* focal (20.04 LTS): 8.2
* bionic (18.04 LTS): 7.8
* xenial (16.04 LTS): 7.6
* trusty (14.04 LTS): 7.4
a) Daily ready-to-install GRASS GIS builds of the stable release branch and master are available from ''ppa:grass/grass-devel'':
<source lang=bash>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grass/grass-devel
</source>
b) Latest packaged stable version of GRASS GIS is available from ''ppa:grass/grass-stable'':
<source lang=bash>
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grass/grass-stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grass
</source>


== Dependencies ==
== Dependencies ==


=== Current stable Ubuntu version ===
=== Current stable Ubuntu version ===
First, update the system from the repositories<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
</source>


The following dependencies concern [http://releases.ubuntu.com/trusty/ Ubuntu Trusty Tahr (14.04 LTS)]
Then, install ''SQLite'', ''SVN'' and ''dependencies'' for compiling PROJ, GEOS, GDAL/OGR, GRASS, GDAL-GRASS-PLUGIN (some additional packages may be required in this case); the following action will also install various dependencies (listed in the command line as <source lang="bash" enclose="none">The following extra packages will be installed:</source>...):<br/>


* First, update the system from the repositories<source lang="bash">
The following dependencies concern [http://releases.ubuntu.com/xenial/ Ubuntu Xenial Xerus (16.04 LTS)]
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
</source>


* then, install ''SQLite'', ''SVN'' and ''dependencies'' for compiling PROJ, GEOS, GDAL/OGR, GRASS, GDAL-GRASS-PLUGIN (some additional packages may be required in this case); the following action will also install various dependencies (listed in the command line as <source lang="bash" enclose="none">The following extra packages will be installed:</source>...):<br/>
<ul>
<source lang="bash">
<source lang="bash">
# this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:
# this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:
Line 76: Line 224:
   python python-dev \
   python python-dev \
   python-opengl \
   python-opengl \
   python-wxversion python-wxtools python-wxgtk2.8 \
   python-wxversion python-wxtools python-wxgtk3.0 \
   python-dateutil libgsl0-dev python-numpy \
   python-dateutil libgsl-dev python-numpy \
   wx2.8-headers wx-common libwxgtk2.8-dev libwxgtk2.8-dbg \
   wx3.0-headers wx-common libwxgtk3.0-dev \
   libwxbase2.8-dev libwxbase2.8-dbg \
   libwxbase3.0-dev   \
   libncurses5-dev \
   libncurses5-dev \
   zlib1g-dev gettext \
   zlib1g-dev gettext \
   libtiff-dev libpnglite-dev \
   libtiff5-dev libpnglite-dev \
   libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
   libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
   sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev \
   sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev \
Line 88: Line 236:
   libreadline6 libreadline6-dev libfreetype6-dev \
   libreadline6 libreadline6-dev libfreetype6-dev \
   libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
   libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
   libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev liblas-c-dev \
   libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
   resolvconf \
   resolvconf \
   libjasper-dev \
   libjasper-dev \
   subversion \
   git \
   libav-tools libavutil-dev ffmpeg2theora \
   libav-tools libavutil-dev ffmpeg2theora \
   libffmpegthumbnailer-dev \
   libffmpegthumbnailer-dev \
Line 98: Line 246:
   libavformat-dev libswscale-dev \
   libavformat-dev libswscale-dev \
   checkinstall \
   checkinstall \
   libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev</source>
   libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
  </ul>
  ghostscript
</source>
 
The following dependencies concern [http://releases.ubuntu.com/trusty/ Ubuntu Trusty Tahr (14.04 LTS)]
 
<source lang="bash">
# this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:
sudo apt-get install \
  build-essential \
  flex make bison gcc libgcc1 g++ \
  python python-dev \
  python-dateutil libgsl0-dev python-numpy \
  zlib1g-dev gettext \
  libtiff-dev libpnglite-dev \
  sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev \
  libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
  resolvconf \
  git \
  checkinstall \
  cmake ccache \
  python-opengl \
  python-wxversion python-wxtools python-wxgtk2.8 \
  wx2.8-headers wx-common libwxgtk2.8-dev libwxgtk2.8-dbg \
  libwxbase2.8-dev  libwxbase2.8-dbg \
  libncurses5-dev \
  libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
  libpq-dev \
  libreadline6 libreadline6-dev libfreetype6-dev \
  libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
  libjasper-dev \
  libav-tools libavutil-dev ffmpeg2theora \
  libffmpegthumbnailer-dev \
  libavcodec-dev \
  libxmu-dev \
  libavformat-dev libswscale-dev \
  libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
  ghostscript</source>
 


* See the additional packages bellow and in other sections and install them. Note that some of them are [http://grass.osgeo.org/grass70/source/REQUIREMENTS.html required], namely PROJ.4, GEOS and GDAL. If you don't have special requirements, it is usually enough just to install PROJ.4, GEOS and GDAL from repository (rather then compile them manually).
* See the additional packages bellow and in other sections and install them. Note that some of them are [https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/blob/main/REQUIREMENTS.md required], namely PROJ, GEOS and GDAL. If you don't have special requirements, it is usually enough just to install PROJ, GEOS and GDAL from repository (rather then compile them manually).


* for mysql support, <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libmysqlclient-dev</source> is required <source lang="bash">
* for mysql support, <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libmysqlclient-dev</source> is required
<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
</source>
</source>


* for netcdf support, <source lang="bash" enclose="none">netcdf-bin</source> and <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libnetcdf-dev</source>  is required <source lang="bash">
* for netcdf support, <source lang="bash" enclose="none">netcdf-bin</source> and <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libnetcdf-dev</source>  is required
<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get install netcdf-bin libnetcdf-dev
sudo apt-get install netcdf-bin libnetcdf-dev
</source>
* for {{AddonCmd|i.spec.unmix}} Addon support, install LAPACK and BLAS:
<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get install libatlas-dev libblas-dev liblapack-dev
</source>
</source>


Line 121: Line 313:
sudo chmod ug+rwx /usr/local/src</source>
sudo chmod ug+rwx /usr/local/src</source>


=== Earlier Ubuntu versions ===
== Using pre-compiled dev Packages for PROJ, GEOS and GDAL ==


For [http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/ earlier Ubuntu versions], '''watch out for dependency differences!''' Modify the dependency list given above as instructed below.
=== PROJ ===


* for [http://releases.ubuntu.com/raring/ Ubuntu Raring Ringtail (13.04]), change the following dependencies:
Install the <source lang="bash" enclose="none">dev</source> package:
** <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libav-tools libavutil-dev --> ffmpeg</source>
** <source lang="bash" enclose="none"> --> lesstif2-dev</source>
 
* for [http://releases.ubuntu.com/precise/ Ubuntu Precise Pangolin (12.04)], change the following dependencies:
** <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libpnglite-dev --> libpngwriter-dev</source>
** <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libtiff5-dev --> libtiff4-dev</source>
 
* for [http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/maverick/ Ubuntu Maverick Meerkat (10.10)] or later, change the following dependencies:
** <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libpngwriter-dev --> libpngwriter0-dev</source>
** <source lang="bash" enclose="none">libcairo-dev --> libcairo2-dev</source>
** <source lang="bash" enclose="none">fftw3 --> libfftw3-3</source>
** <source lang="bash" enclose="none">fftw3-dev --> libfftw3-dev</source>
* for [http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/lucid/ Ubuntu Lucid Lynx (10.04)] or later, also install: <source lang="bash">sudo apt-get install libhdf4-alt-dev libhdf4-0-alt</source>
 
* for [http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/ earlier Ubuntu versions], also install: <source lang="bash"> sudo apt-get install libhdf4g-dev libhdf4g-run</source>
 
== Using pre-compiled dev Packages for PROJ.4, GEOS and GDAL ==
 
=== PROJ.4 ===
 
Install the <source lang="bash" enclose="none">dev</source> package (possibly without support for datumgrid):


<source lang="bash">
<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get install libproj-dev
sudo apt-get install libproj-dev proj-data proj-bin
</source>
</source>


Line 160: Line 330:


<source lang="bash">
<source lang="bash">
# probably you also need to additionally install "libgeos-c1v5"
sudo apt-get install libgeos-dev
sudo apt-get install libgeos-dev
</source>
</source>
Line 173: Line 344:
</source>
</source>


For support of WMS in wxGUI install Python gdal bindings:
For support of WMS in wxGUI install Python GDAL bindings and GDAL executables:
<source lang="bash">
<source lang="bash">
sudo apt-get install python-gdal
sudo apt-get install python-gdal gdal-bin
</source>
</source>


Line 186: Line 357:
[[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu#GRASS_GIS|Jump to sub-section GRASS-GIS below]]
[[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu#GRASS_GIS|Jump to sub-section GRASS-GIS below]]


== Using pre-compiled dev Packages for PROJ.4, GEOS and GDAL from GIS.lab PPA==
== Using pre-compiled dev Packages for PROJ, GEOS and GDAL from GIS.lab PPA==


Ivan Mincik has made all required packages available in his [https://launchpad.net/~imincik/+archive/ubuntu/gis PPA]:
Ivan Mincik has made all required packages available in his [https://launchpad.net/~imincik/+archive/ubuntu/gis PPA]:
Line 195: Line 366:
</source>
</source>


Now you can either also install GRASS GIS 7 from there or compile it yourself (see [[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu#GRASS_GIS|Jump to sub-section GRASS-GIS below]])
Now you can either also install GRASS GIS from there or compile it yourself (see [[Compile_and_Install_Ubuntu#GRASS_GIS|Jump to sub-section GRASS-GIS below]])


== Compile from source ==
== Compile from source ==




=== PROJ4 ===
=== PROJ ===


* within the directory <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/src</source> (create it if it does not exist) checkout <source lang="bash" enclose="none">proj</source> from its Subversion repository: <source lang="bash">
* within the directory <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/src</source> (create it if it does not exist) checkout <source lang="bash" enclose="none">proj</source> from its GitHub repository: <source lang="bash">
svn co http://svn.osgeo.org/metacrs/proj/branches/4.8/proj/
https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/
</source>
</source>


* get [http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip '''proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip'''] from [http://trac.osgeo.org/proj proj' trac] and move it under <source lang="bash" enclose="none">proj/nad</source>
* get [http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip '''proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip'''] or related files from [https://trac.osgeo.org/proj proj' trac] and move it under <source lang="bash" enclose="none">proj/nad</source>
<ul><source lang="bash">
<ul><source lang="bash">
wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip
wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip
mv proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip /usr/local/src/proj/nad
mv proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip /usr/local/src/proj/nad
cd /usr/local/src/proj/nad
cd /usr/local/src/proj/nad
</source>
</source>
Line 215: Line 386:


* decompress it <source lang="bash">
* decompress it <source lang="bash">
unzip proj-datumgrid-1.5.zip
unzip proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip
</source>
</source>


Line 244: Line 415:
=== GEOS ===
=== GEOS ===


* download '''geos-3.4.2.tar.bz2''' from [http://trac.osgeo.org/geos/ http://trac.osgeo.org/geos] using <source lang="bash" enclose="none">wget</source> <source lang="bash">
* download '''geos-3.12.2.tar.bz2''' from [https://libgeos.org/ https://libgeos.org/] using <source lang="bash" enclose="none">wget</source> <source lang="bash">
wget http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.4.2.tar.bz2
wget https://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.12.2.tar.bz2
</source>
</source>


Line 251: Line 422:
<ul><source lang="bash">
<ul><source lang="bash">
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/
bunzip2 geos-3.4.2.tar.bz2
bunzip2 geos-3.12.2.tar.bz2
tar xvf  geos-3.4.2.tar
tar xvf  geos-3.12.2.tar
</source>
</source>
   </ul>
   </ul>
Line 261: Line 432:


* move to geos directory  <source lang="bash">
* move to geos directory  <source lang="bash">
cd geos-3.4.2
cd geos-3.12.2
</source>
</source>


Line 278: Line 449:
=== GDAL ===
=== GDAL ===


'''Note''', GDAL must be compiled '''without''' GRASS support
'''Note''', GDAL must be compiled '''without''' GRASS support!


* download the current stable version <source lang="bash">
* download the current stable version (see https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/releases for latest version):
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/gdal/branches/1.11/gdal gdal_stable
</source>
 
* enter in the <source lang="bash" enclose="none">gdal_stable</source> directory <source lang="bash">
cd /usr/local/src/gdal_stable
</source>
 
* optionally, update the source code <source lang="bash">
svn up
</source>
 
* if required, clean previous configurations/compilations <source lang="bash">
make distclean
</source>
 
* a simple configuration without any parameters will detect and support various installed libraries <source lang="bash">
./configure
</source>
 
* skip to the ''compile and install'' step or check the following customised configuration example
<ul>
<source lang="bash">
<source lang="bash">
CFLAGS="-g -Wall" LDFLAGS="-s" ./configure \
wget https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/releases/download/v3.9.1/gdal-3.9.1.tar.gz
--with-png=internal \
--with-libtiff=internal \
--with-geotiff=internal \
--with-jpeg=internal \
--with-gif=internal \
--with-ecw=no \
--with-expat=yes \
--with-sqlite3=yes \
--with-geos=yes \
--with-python \
--with-libz=internal \
--with-netcdf \
--with-threads=yes \
--without-grass  \
--without-ogdi \
--with-pg=/usr/bin/pg_config \
--with-xerces=yes
</source>
</source>
  </ul>


* compile, install & ldconfig <source lang="bash">
Follow the instructions to compile GDAL:
make -j2  &&  sudo make install  &&  sudo ldconfig
https://gdal.org/development/building_from_source.html
</source>
<ul> or <source lang="bash">
make -j2  &&  sudo checkinstall  &&  sudo ldconfig
</source>
  </ul>


=== GRASS GIS ===
=== GRASS GIS ===


Note the differences between different GRASS version (SVN branches) in download and cofiguration. Note also the changes required if you installed some of the dependencies from packages (rather then compiled them yourself).
Note the differences between different GRASS GIS version (branches) in download and cofiguration. Note also the changes required if you installed some of the dependencies from packages (rather then compiled them yourself).


To fully understand the build process, read the  <code>INSTALL</code> file, which is located in GRASS' source code root directory. For example, if you have problems related to 32bit versus 64bit, pay attention to section <code>(C)</code>, entitled <code>COMPILATION NOTES for 64bit platforms</code>.
To fully understand the build process, read the  <code>INSTALL</code> file, which is located in GRASS' source code root directory.


''' Getting GRASS' source code '''
''' Getting GRASS' source code '''


Select and download (using SVN) the version you prefer:
Select from one of the GRASS GIS versions and download the source code:


* current state of the 6.4.x release branch version (stable) <source lang="bash">
https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/releases/
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_6_4 grass64_release
</source>


* current state of the 7.0.x release branch version (future stable) <source lang="bash">
''' Configure, Compile and Install'''
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/branches/releasebranch_7_0 grass70_release
</source>
 
* current state of the trunk (latest version of code where the development happens) <source lang="bash">
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass7_trunk
</source>


* for other versions see [http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/wiki/DownloadSource GRASS Trac wiki].
Enter the directory with the source code, for example:
 
''' Configure, Compile and Install'''


* '''GRASS GIS 6 example configuration''' (which can/should be adjusted according to specific needs):
<ul>
<source lang="bash">
<source lang="bash">
CFLAGS="-O2 -Wall" LDFLAGS="-s" ./configure \
cd grass
--enable-largefile=yes \
--with-nls \
--with-cxx \
--with-proj-share=/usr/local/share/proj/ \
--with-geos=/usr/local/bin/geos-config \
--with-readline \
--with-python=yes \
--with-wxwidgets \
--with-cairo \
--with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL \
--with-motif \
--with-tcltk-includes="/usr/include/tcl8.5" \
--with-ffmpeg=yes --with-ffmpeg-includes="/usr/include/libavcodec /usr/include/libavformat /usr/include/libswscale /usr/include/libavutil" \
--with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/" \
--with-postgres=yes --with-postgres-includes="/usr/include/postgresql" \
--with-sqlite=yes \
--with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes="/usr/include/mysql" \
--with-odbc=no
</source>
</source>
</ul>
<ul>
'''Note''', the above configuration uses the <code>Proj4</code> and <code>GEOS</code> packages compiled from the source. In the case that pre-compiled versions from the repository are required, remove the above corresponding lines to use the "defaults", i.e. <source lang="bash">
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-geos=/usr/bin/geos-config \
</source>
  </ul>


* '''GRASS GIS 7 example configuration''' (which can/should be adjusted according to specific needs):
* '''GRASS GIS example configuration''' (which can/should be adjusted according to specific needs):
<ul>
<ul>
<source lang="bash">
<source lang="bash">
CFLAGS="-O2 -Wall" LDFLAGS="-s" ./configure \
CFLAGS="-O2 -Wall" LDFLAGS="-s" ./configure \
--enable-largefile=yes \
--with-nls \
--with-nls \
--with-cxx \
--with-cxx \
--with-readline \
--with-pthread \
--with-proj-share=/usr/local/share/proj/ \
--with-proj-share=/usr/local/share/proj/ \
--with-geos=/usr/local/bin/geos-config \
--with-geos=/usr/local/bin/geos-config \
Line 408: Line 495:
--with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes="/usr/include/mysql" \
--with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes="/usr/include/mysql" \
--with-odbc=no \
--with-odbc=no \
--with-liblas=yes --with-liblas-config=/usr/bin/liblas-config
--with-pdal
</source>
</source>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
'''Note''', the above configuration uses the <code>Proj4</code> and <code>GEOS</code> packages compiled from the source. In the case that pre-compiled versions from the repository are required, remove the above corresponding lines to use the "defaults", i.e. <source lang="bash">
'''Note''', the above configuration uses the <code>PROJ</code> and <code>GEOS</code> packages compiled from the source. In the case that pre-compiled versions from the repository are required, remove the above corresponding lines to use the "defaults", i.e. (note the backslashe at the end of each line)
<source lang="bash">
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
--with-geos=/usr/bin/geos-config \
--with-geos=/usr/bin/geos-config \
Line 443: Line 531:
=== GDAL-GRASS-Plugin ===
=== GDAL-GRASS-Plugin ===


* get the plugin from [http://download.osgeo.org/gdal OSGeo's Download Server]: [http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/gdal-grass-1.4.3.tar.gz http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/gdal-grass-1.4.3.tar.gz] using <source lang="bash" enclose="none">wget</source>
See: https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal-grass
 
* get the plugin from [https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal-grass/releases GitHub]: "gdal-grass-X.Y.Z.tar.gz" using <source lang="bash" enclose="none">wget</source>
<ul><source lang="bash">
<ul><source lang="bash">
wget http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/gdal-grass-1.4.3.tar.gz
# update version number accordingly!
tar xvzf gdal-grass-1.4.3.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal-grass/archive/refs/tags/1.0.2.tar.gz -O gdal-grass-1.0.2.tar.gz
cd gdal-grass-1.4.3
tar xvzf gdal-grass-1.0.2.tar.gz
cd gdal-grass-1.0.2
</source></ul>
</source></ul>


* create  <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/etc/ld.so.conf.d/grass.conf</source>  or add in  <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/etc/ld.so.conf</source> the GRASS library path:  
* create  <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/etc/ld.so.conf.d/grass.conf</source>  or add in  <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/etc/ld.so.conf</source> the GRASS library path:  
<ul><source lang="bash">
<ul><source lang="bash">
# GRASS 6.4 library path
# GRASS GIS stable library path (adapt as needed)
/usr/local/src/grass64_release/lib
/usr/local/src/releasebranch_8_4/lib
 
# GRASS 6.5 library path
/usr/local/src/grass6_devel/lib
 
# GRASS 7.0 library path
/usr/local/src/grass64_release/lib


# GRASS 7 (development version) library path
# GRASS GIS development version library path (adapt as needed)
/usr/local/src/grass7_trunk/lib
/usr/local/src/grass_master/lib
</source></ul>
</source></ul>


Line 472: Line 557:
  --prefix=/usr/local \
  --prefix=/usr/local \
  --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-grass=/usr/local/grass-6.4.4svn/ \
  --with-grass=/usr/local/grass/ \
  --with-autoload="/usr/local/lib/gdalplugins/" \
  --with-autoload="/usr/local/lib64/gdalplugins/" \
  --with-ld-shared="g++ -shared"</source></ul>
  --with-ld-shared="g++ -shared"</source></ul>
<ul>
* for GRASS 6.5, replace the respective line above, depending on where the source code in question is stored, with something like <source lang="bash" enclose="none"> --with-grass=/usr/local/grass-6.5.svn/</source>
* for GRASS 7.0, replace with <source lang="bash" enclose="none"> --with-grass=/usr/local/grass-7.0.0svn/</source>
* for GRASS 7, replace with <source lang="bash" enclose="none"> --with-grass=/usr/local/grass_trunk/</source>
</ul>
</ul>


Line 486: Line 567:
= Post compilation/installation control =
= Post compilation/installation control =


* For a recommended quick-check read the [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Compile_and_install_GRASS_and_QGIS_with_GDAL/OGR_Plugin#Troubleshooting Troubleshooting] section at [http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Compile_and_install_GDAL-GRASS_plugin Compile_and_install_GDAL-GRASS_plugin]
* For a recommended quick-check read the [https://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Compile_and_install_GRASS_and_QGIS_with_GDAL/OGR_Plugin#Troubleshooting Troubleshooting] section at [https://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/Compile_and_install_GDAL-GRASS_plugin Compile_and_install_GDAL-GRASS_plugin]


* in case of errors in future compilation attempts, remember to remove program binaries and files created with the "configuration" from previous compilations with
* in case of errors in future compilation attempts, remember to remove program binaries and files created with the "configuration" from previous compilations with
Line 497: Line 578:




To get rid of a GRASS binaries installation, delete
To get rid of a GRASS binaries installation, delete (update version numbers accordingly)
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/grass-6.4.4svn</source> (directory, binaries location)
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/grass</source> (directory, binaries location)
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/bin/grass64</source> (file)
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/bin/grass</source> (file)
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/bin/gem64</source> (file)
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/home/username/.grassrc8</source> (file)
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/home/username/.grassrc6</source> (file)
 


If wanted, delete also the complete source code:
If wanted, delete also the complete source code:
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/src/grass64_release</source> (directory, source code location)
* <source lang="bash" enclose="none">/usr/local/src/grass_release</source> (directory, source code location)




To remove <code>grass</code> (or any other package) which was installed by <source lang="bash" enclose="none">checkinstall</source>, use <source lang="bash" enclose="none">dpkg</source>, e.g.<source lang="bash">
To remove <code>grass</code> (or any other package) which was installed by <source lang="bash" enclose="none">checkinstall</source>, use <source lang="bash" enclose="none">dpkg</source>, e.g.<source lang="bash">
sudo dpkg -r grass64 # package name defined at installation is important</source>
sudo dpkg -r grass # package name defined at installation is important</source>
 
= Packaging of GRASS =
 
* See the {{src|debian/README.debian}} file in the GRASS source code for directions on rolling your own packages.
 
For details about the auto-nightly-builds and after-market supplied packages from UbuntuGIS, please refer to the [[Ubuntu Packaging]] wiki page.


== See also ==
== See also ==


* GRASS GIS in Ubuntu installation: http://www.spatial-ecology.net/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=wiki:install_linux
* Docker: https://grass.osgeo.org/download/docker/
* Docker: https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/javimarlop/ubuntugis-docker/dockerfile/
* [[Ubuntu Packaging]]
* [[Ubuntu Packaging]]
* [[GRASS in Debian]]
* [[GRASS in Debian]]
Line 527: Line 599:


Notes that concern the configuration and compilation of GRASS GIS and its dependencies for older versions of Ubuntu-Linux.
Notes that concern the configuration and compilation of GRASS GIS and its dependencies for older versions of Ubuntu-Linux.
== Ubuntu 7.10 64-bit ==
* Compiling latest GRASS source code on a 64-bit machine (with an ATI graphic card) under Ubuntu 7.10 64-bit with support for: 64-bit, SQLite, OpenGL, PYTHON, FFMPEG
(Based on "Ubuntu 6.06 LTS - GRASS 6.1 Compilation Script" by David Finlayson)
''Assuming it is the first time attempting to compile GRASS' source code & installing SVN, PROJ, GDAL/OGR''
'''Preparation'''
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
* install dependencies for compiling (in general) and dependencies for GRASS: PROJ, GDAL/OGR
sudo apt-get install grass build-essential flex bison libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev \
libgdal1-dev libtiff4-dev libgcc1 libpng12-dev tcl8.4-dev tk8.4-dev fftw3-dev \
libfreetype6-dev libavcodec-dev libxmu-dev gdal-bin libreadline5 libreadline5-dev \
make python-dev python-wxversion
* install SQLite
sudo apt-get install sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev
* install SVN
sudo apt-get install subversion
* create a directory as a simple user where source code(s) are going to be stored (in our example we use a directory called '''src''' under '''/usr/local''')
sudo mkdir /usr/local/src
* grant rwx (read-write-execute) permissions for our userid/ groupid on the directory (replace words userid and groupid with real userid):
sudo chown ''userid'':''groupid'' /usr/local/src
sudo chmod ug+rwx /usr/local/src
* download latest source code from GRASS SVN repository in a directory on the system (e.g. /usr/local/src)
svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/grass/grass/trunk grass_trunk
* Above command places GRASS' source code in '''/usr/local/src/grass_trunk'''. In case of a subsequent update use the command: '''svn up''' from within the grass_trunk directory
----
'''Before''' attempting to compile GRASS, READ section (C) in the '''INSTALL''' file located in the main directory of GRASS source code entitled:
'''(C) COMPILATION NOTES for 64bit platforms'''
----
* installing FFTW3 if not already on system
sudo apt-get install fftw3 fftw3-dev
'''FFMPEG'''
Note: Back in Ubuntu 7.10, installing ffmpeg through the repositories wouldn't work with grass. The following steps were successfully used.
* install FFMPEG (information taken from: http://stream0.org/2008/01/install-ffmpeg-on-ubuntu-gutsy.html)
* download source code with svn
svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg/trunk ffmpeg
* install dependencies
sudo apt-get install liblame-dev libfaad2-dev libfaac-dev libxvidcore4-dev \
      liba52-0.7.4 liba52-0.7.4-dev libx264-dev libdts-dev checkinstall \
      build-essential subversion
* guide to ffmpeg directory
cd ffmpeg
if necessary: '''make distclean''' before configuration (look at notes below)
* configuration ('''note:''' the configuration parameter "'''--enable-pp'''" does not work anymore)
# configure FFMPEG
./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libvorbis --enable-libtheora \
            --enable-liba52 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libgsm \
            --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libfaad --enable-libfaac \
            --enable-libxvid --enable-pthreads --enable-libx264 \
            --enable-shared
* compilation
make
* installation on /usr/local/bin -- important to remember when configuring GRASS' source code for compilation
sudo checkinstall
'''Go for GRASS!'''
* in our example we used the /usr/local/src directory to store GRASS' source code, so:
cd /usr/local/src/grass_trunk
* configuration
  CFLAGS="-g -Wall" ./configure --enable-64bit \
        --with-libs=/usr/lib64 --with-cxx --with-freetype=yes \
        --with-postgres=no --with-sqlite=yes --enable-largefile=yes \
        --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.4 \
        --with-freetype-includes=/usr/include/freetype2 \
        --with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL --with-readline \
        --with-python=yes --with-ffmpeg=yes \
        --with-ffmpeg-includes=/usr/local/include/ffmpeg
*if OpenGL fails then maybe it is necessary to link '''glxATI.h''' with '''glx.h''' and re-run the configuration
cd /usr/include/GL
sudo ln glxATI.h glx.h
* compilation
make
* compilation is expected to end with a statement similar to the following:
Started compilation: Wed Feb 27 00:24:36 CET 2008
--
Errors in:
No errors detected.
* installation
sudo checkinstall
* launch 64-bit GRASS.6.4.svn
grass64
'''Notes'''
* in case of errors in future compilation attempts, remember to remove program binaries with
make clean
* and the files created with the "configuration" from previous compilations with
make distclean
== Ubuntu 6.06, 7.10 ==
* [http://david.p.finlayson.googlepages.com/makegrass.sh makegrass.sh] is script designed to automate most of the download, configuration and compilation of GRASS 6.x-CVS
** it is advised use [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CheckInstall checkinstall] (''sudo apt-get install checkinstall'') instead of ''make install'' to keep track of installed software
** Think twice before using this script. Some users experienced problems such as disabled XGL etc.
* [[User:Steko/Automated_CVS_compiling|Here]] is another of these scripts, it's homemade so probably you'll find the above more useful for production sites.


[[Category: Compilation]]
[[Category: Compilation]]

Latest revision as of 07:59, 31 July 2024

Quick instructions

These instructions should work fine on Ubuntu distributions:

Install geospatial dependencies

1. Install some dependencies (PROJ, GEOS, GDAL libraries) and the compiler tools
(note: you need Python 3)

# be sure to have an updated system
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# install PROJ
sudo apt install libproj-dev proj-data proj-bin unzip -y
# optionally, install (selected) datum grid files
sudo apt-get install proj-data

# install GEOS
sudo apt install libgeos-dev -y

# install GDAL
sudo apt install libgdal-dev python3-gdal gdal-bin -y

# install PDAL (optional)
sudo apt install libpdal-dev pdal -y

# Python3 precedence over Python2 (which is end-of-life since 2019, so it should be the default anyway)
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 1

Install compiler stuff and further dependencies. Note: this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:

Install further compilation dependencies (Ubuntu 22.04)

For Ubuntu 22.04:

 sudo apt-get install \
  build-essential \
  flex make bison gcc libgcc1 g++ ccache \
  python3 python3-dev python3-pip \
  python3-opengl python3-wxgtk4.0 \
  python3-dateutil libgsl-dev python3-numpy \
  wx3.0-headers wx-common libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev \
  libwxbase3.0-dev   \
  libncurses5-dev \
  libbz2-dev \
  zlib1g-dev gettext \
  libtiff5-dev libpnglite-dev \
  libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
  sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev \
  libpdal-dev libpq-dev \
  libreadline-dev libfreetype6-dev \
  libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
  libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
  git libzstd-dev \
  checkinstall \
  libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
  ghostscript wget -y

For NVIZ on Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install \
  ffmpeg libavutil-dev ffmpeg2theora \
  libffmpegthumbnailer-dev \
  libavcodec-dev \
  libxmu-dev \
  libavformat-dev libswscale-dev -y

Update wxpython:

# be sure to pick the correct Ubuntu version
pip3 install -U -f https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-22.04 wxPython

Source code download

Now we have all "ingredients" readily installed on our system.

Source code download:

There a two ways of getting the source code: either use a) the weekly snapshot (cannot be updated, or b) the source code from the GitHub repository (you can update your local copy easily in future):

a) Download of the weekly source code snapshot (not recommended):

# download latest GRASS GIS 8.x stable release source code:
mkdir $HOME/src/
cd  $HOME/src/
wget https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/source/snapshot/grass-8.4.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz

# Unpack source code package and remove tarball archive:
tar xvfz grass-8.4.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz
rm -f grass-8.4.git_src_snapshot_latest.tar.gz 

# rename source code directory (yes, with the questionmarks!)
mv grass-8.4.git_src_snapshot_20??_??_?? grass-8.4.latest
cd grass-8.4.latest/

b) Download of the current development version from GitHub (adopt the path below accordingly)

Note: to find the current version number (8_x), see https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/branches:

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/OSGeo/grass.git grass-8.4.latest.git
cd grass-8.4.latest.git/
git checkout releasebranch_8_4

Compilation

Now we can compile the source code in order to generate the GRASS GIS binaries:

# "configure" source code for local machine (checks for CPU type etc):
MYCFLAGS='-O2 -fPIC -fno-common -fexceptions -std=gnu99 -fstack-protector -m64'
#MYCXXFLAGS=''
MYLDFLAGS='-Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,-z,now'

LDFLAGS="$MYLDFLAGS" CFLAGS="$MYCFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$MYCXXFLAGS" ./configure \
  --with-cxx \
  --enable-largefile \
  --with-proj --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
  --with-gdal=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
  --with-python \
  --with-geos \
  --with-sqlite \
  --with-nls \
  --with-zstd \
  --with-pdal \
  --with-cairo --with-cairo-ldflags=-lfontconfig \
  --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/" \
  --with-wxwidgets \
  --with-fftw \
  --with-openmp \
  --with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL \
  --with-postgres=yes --with-postgres-includes="/usr/include/postgresql" \
  --without-netcdf \
  --without-mysql \
  --without-odbc \
  --without-ffmpeg

Now compile the source code (this will take some time as it generates binary code from the source code):

# note: the more CPUs you have, the higher the -j number may be set to
# here: build using 4 CPU cores
make -j4

Installation

Install resulting GRASS GIS binaries into /usr/local/:

sudo make install

Start GRASS GIS in the terminal:

grass

Done & enjoy!

Hints

  • Usually, the installation of compiled code is done by using the make tool. Alternatively, this can be done by using the checkinstall tool (i.e., sudo checkinstall instead of sudo make install) which eases off removal of packages. If checkinstall fails to deliver, please note some related bugs: 78455 and 599163. Useful information on using checkinstall: Compiling things on Ubuntu the Easy Way.
  • In multi-core processors, the compilation performance can be boosted by using -j switches (e.g. make -j2 or make -j3 or even make -j4) which specify the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously.

Pre-compiled packages and backports

Pre-compiled packages and backports are available from UbuntuGIS via their ppa.launchpad stable and ppa.launchpad unstable repositories. This is by far the simplest and fastest solution. Please prefer it over the manual way of compiling source code yourself as described below.

Version overview:

  • noble 8.3
  • jammy (22.04): 8.3
  • focal (20.04 LTS): 8.2
  • bionic (18.04 LTS): 7.8
  • xenial (16.04 LTS): 7.6
  • trusty (14.04 LTS): 7.4

a) Daily ready-to-install GRASS GIS builds of the stable release branch and master are available from ppa:grass/grass-devel:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grass/grass-devel

b) Latest packaged stable version of GRASS GIS is available from ppa:grass/grass-stable:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grass/grass-stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grass

Dependencies

Current stable Ubuntu version

First, update the system from the repositories

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Then, install SQLite, SVN and dependencies for compiling PROJ, GEOS, GDAL/OGR, GRASS, GDAL-GRASS-PLUGIN (some additional packages may be required in this case); the following action will also install various dependencies (listed in the command line as The following extra packages will be installed:...):

The following dependencies concern Ubuntu Xenial Xerus (16.04 LTS)

# this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:
sudo apt-get install \
  build-essential \
  flex make bison gcc libgcc1 g++ cmake ccache \
  python python-dev \
  python-opengl \
  python-wxversion python-wxtools python-wxgtk3.0 \
  python-dateutil libgsl-dev python-numpy \
  wx3.0-headers wx-common libwxgtk3.0-dev \
  libwxbase3.0-dev   \
  libncurses5-dev \
  zlib1g-dev gettext \
  libtiff5-dev libpnglite-dev \
  libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
  sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev \
  libpq-dev \
  libreadline6 libreadline6-dev libfreetype6-dev \
  libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
  libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
  resolvconf \
  libjasper-dev \
  git \
  libav-tools libavutil-dev ffmpeg2theora \
  libffmpegthumbnailer-dev \
  libavcodec-dev \
  libxmu-dev \
  libavformat-dev libswscale-dev \
  checkinstall \
  libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
  ghostscript

The following dependencies concern Ubuntu Trusty Tahr (14.04 LTS)

# this is a single command, please copy-paste it entirely into the terminal:
sudo apt-get install \
  build-essential \
  flex make bison gcc libgcc1 g++ \
  python python-dev \
  python-dateutil libgsl0-dev python-numpy \
  zlib1g-dev gettext \
  libtiff-dev libpnglite-dev \
  sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev \
  libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
  resolvconf \
  git \
  checkinstall \
  cmake ccache \
  python-opengl \
  python-wxversion python-wxtools python-wxgtk2.8 \
  wx2.8-headers wx-common libwxgtk2.8-dev libwxgtk2.8-dbg \
  libwxbase2.8-dev  libwxbase2.8-dbg \
  libncurses5-dev \
  libcairo2 libcairo2-dev \
  libpq-dev \
  libreadline6 libreadline6-dev libfreetype6-dev \
  libfftw3-3 libfftw3-dev \
  libjasper-dev \
  libav-tools libavutil-dev ffmpeg2theora \
  libffmpegthumbnailer-dev \
  libavcodec-dev \
  libxmu-dev \
  libavformat-dev libswscale-dev \
  libglu1-mesa-dev libxmu-dev \
  ghostscript


  • See the additional packages bellow and in other sections and install them. Note that some of them are required, namely PROJ, GEOS and GDAL. If you don't have special requirements, it is usually enough just to install PROJ, GEOS and GDAL from repository (rather then compile them manually).
  • for mysql support, libmysqlclient-dev is required
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
  • for netcdf support, netcdf-bin and libnetcdf-dev is required
sudo apt-get install netcdf-bin libnetcdf-dev
sudo apt-get install libatlas-dev libblas-dev liblapack-dev
  • create a directory as a simple user where all source code is going to be stored -- in this example, a directory named src under /usr/local is created
    sudo mkdir /usr/local/src
    
  • take over directories ownerships (replace below the terms userid and groupid with a real userid):
    sudo chown userid:groupid /usr/local/src
    
  • similarly, grant rwx (read-write-execute) permissions for our userid and groupid onto the src directory:
    sudo chmod ug+rwx /usr/local/src
    

Using pre-compiled dev Packages for PROJ, GEOS and GDAL

PROJ

Install the dev package:

sudo apt-get install libproj-dev proj-data proj-bin
  • In the call to ./configure for GRASS, replace --with-proj-share=/usr/local/share/proj/ by --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj/

GEOS

Install the dev package:

# probably you also need to additionally install "libgeos-c1v5"
sudo apt-get install libgeos-dev
  • In the call to ./configure for GRASS, replace --with-geos=/usr/local/bin/geos-config by --with-geos=/usr/bin/geos-config

GDAL

Install the dev package (possibly without support for datumgrid):

sudo apt-get install libgdal-dev

For support of WMS in wxGUI install Python GDAL bindings and GDAL executables:

sudo apt-get install python-gdal gdal-bin
  • Install also the required extra packages (note the message: The following extra packages will be installed:)
  • Look out for packages to be removed by this operation -- this is most likely caused by incompatible package versions. Fix these problems in advance using commands like the following:
    sudo apt-get install <package>=<required.version>
    

GRASS-GIS

Jump to sub-section GRASS-GIS below

Using pre-compiled dev Packages for PROJ, GEOS and GDAL from GIS.lab PPA

Ivan Mincik has made all required packages available in his PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:imincik/gis
sudo apt-get install libproj-dev libgdal-dev python-gdal libgeos-dev

Now you can either also install GRASS GIS from there or compile it yourself (see Jump to sub-section GRASS-GIS below)

Compile from source

PROJ

  • within the directory /usr/local/src (create it if it does not exist) checkout proj from its GitHub repository:
    https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/
    
    wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip
    mv proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip /usr/local/src/proj/nad
    cd /usr/local/src/proj/nad
    
  • decompress it
    unzip proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip
    
  • go back to the proj directory
    cd /usr/local/src/proj
    
  • if required, clean previous configuration & compilation
    make distclean
    
  • simple configure, compile and install
    ./configure  &&  make  &&  sudo make install
    
    or
    ./configure && make -j2  &&  sudo checkinstall
    
  • ensure that /usr/local/lib is added to /etc/ld.so.conf and afterwards run
    sudo ldconfig
    
  • finally, go back to the parent directory simply by instructing
    cd ..
    

GEOS

  • download geos-3.12.2.tar.bz2 from https://libgeos.org/ using wget
    wget https://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.12.2.tar.bz2
    
  • move to the "source-code" directory and decompress
    cd /usr/local/src/
    bunzip2 geos-3.12.2.tar.bz2
    tar xvf  geos-3.12.2.tar
    
  • if required, clean previous configuration & compilation
    make distclean
    
  • move to geos directory
    cd geos-3.12.2
    
  • simple configure, compile and install
    ./configure  &&  make  &&  sudo make install
    
    or
    ./configure  && make -j2  &&  sudo checkinstall
    
  • do not forget to execute
    sudo ldconfig
    

GDAL

Note, GDAL must be compiled without GRASS support!

wget https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/releases/download/v3.9.1/gdal-3.9.1.tar.gz

Follow the instructions to compile GDAL: https://gdal.org/development/building_from_source.html

GRASS GIS

Note the differences between different GRASS GIS version (branches) in download and cofiguration. Note also the changes required if you installed some of the dependencies from packages (rather then compiled them yourself).

To fully understand the build process, read the INSTALL file, which is located in GRASS' source code root directory.

Getting GRASS' source code

Select from one of the GRASS GIS versions and download the source code:

https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/releases/

Configure, Compile and Install

Enter the directory with the source code, for example:

cd grass
  • GRASS GIS example configuration (which can/should be adjusted according to specific needs):
    CFLAGS="-O2 -Wall" LDFLAGS="-s" ./configure \
    --with-nls \
    --with-cxx \
    --with-proj-share=/usr/local/share/proj/ \
    --with-geos=/usr/local/bin/geos-config \
    --with-wxwidgets \
    --with-cairo \
    --with-opengl-libs=/usr/include/GL \
    --with-freetype=yes --with-freetype-includes="/usr/include/freetype2/" \
    --with-postgres=yes --with-postgres-includes="/usr/include/postgresql" \
    --with-sqlite=yes \
    --with-mysql=yes --with-mysql-includes="/usr/include/mysql" \
    --with-odbc=no \
    --with-pdal
    
    Note, the above configuration uses the PROJ and GEOS packages compiled from the source. In the case that pre-compiled versions from the repository are required, remove the above corresponding lines to use the "defaults", i.e. (note the backslashe at the end of each line)
    --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj \
    --with-geos=/usr/bin/geos-config \
    
  • compile & install
    make -j2  &&  sudo make install  &&  sudo ldconfig
    
    or
    make -j2  &&  sudo checkinstall  &&  sudo ldconfig
    

For subsequent updates execute (not need for the first time):

svn up
make -j2 && sudo make install  &&  sudo ldconfig

Sometimes, it is required to clean previous configuration and compilation:

make distclean
svn up
./configure ... # (use the configure command above)
make -j2 && sudo make install  &&  sudo ldconfig

GDAL-GRASS-Plugin

See: https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal-grass

  • get the plugin from GitHub: "gdal-grass-X.Y.Z.tar.gz" using wget
    # update version number accordingly!
    wget https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal-grass/archive/refs/tags/1.0.2.tar.gz -O gdal-grass-1.0.2.tar.gz
    tar xvzf gdal-grass-1.0.2.tar.gz
    cd gdal-grass-1.0.2
    
  • create /etc/ld.so.conf.d/grass.conf or add in /etc/ld.so.conf the GRASS library path:
    # GRASS GIS stable library path (adapt as needed)
    /usr/local/src/releasebranch_8_4/lib
    
    # GRASS GIS development version library path (adapt as needed)
    /usr/local/src/grass_master/lib
    
  • optionally, clean previous configurations/compilations
     make distclean
    
  • configure -- point to GRASS installation/binaries
     ./configure \
     --prefix=/usr/local \
     --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \
     --with-grass=/usr/local/grass/ \
     --with-autoload="/usr/local/lib64/gdalplugins/" \
     --with-ld-shared="g++ -shared"
    
  • compile & install using checkinstall
     make -j2  &&  sudo checkinstall
    

Post compilation/installation control

  • in case of errors in future compilation attempts, remember to remove program binaries and files created with the "configuration" from previous compilations with
make distclean
  • another common mistake is compiling a module against some GRASS version and then try to run it through another GRASS version. The solution is to recompile the affected module or, in case there are multiple GRASS installations, set up properly LD_LIBRARY_PATH paths.


Removal of GRASS

To get rid of a GRASS binaries installation, delete (update version numbers accordingly)

  • /usr/local/grass (directory, binaries location)
  • /usr/local/bin/grass (file)
  • /home/username/.grassrc8 (file)

If wanted, delete also the complete source code:

  • /usr/local/src/grass_release (directory, source code location)


To remove grass (or any other package) which was installed by checkinstall, use dpkg, e.g.

sudo dpkg -r grass # package name defined at installation is important

See also

Archived Notes

Notes that concern the configuration and compilation of GRASS GIS and its dependencies for older versions of Ubuntu-Linux.