NLCD Land Cover: Difference between revisions
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: ''The NLCD was compiled from Landsat TM imagery (circa 1992) with a spatial resolution of 30 meters supplemented by various ancillary data (where available). The satellite images were analyzed and interpreted by using very large, sometimes multi-State, image mosaics (that is, up to 18 Landsat scenes). Because a relatively small number of aerial photographs were necessarily conducted from a broad spatial perspective. Furthermore, the accuracy assessments correspond to Federal Regions, which are groupings of contiguous States. Thus, the reliability of the data is greatest at the State or multi-State level. The statistical accuracy of the data is known only for the region.'' | : ''The NLCD was compiled from Landsat TM imagery (circa 1992) with a spatial resolution of 30 meters supplemented by various ancillary data (where available). The satellite images were analyzed and interpreted by using very large, sometimes multi-State, image mosaics (that is, up to 18 Landsat scenes). Because a relatively small number of aerial photographs were necessarily conducted from a broad spatial perspective. Furthermore, the accuracy assessments correspond to Federal Regions, which are groupings of contiguous States. Thus, the reliability of the data is greatest at the State or multi-State level. The statistical accuracy of the data is known only for the region.'' | ||
== Obtaining data | == Obtaining NLCD data == | ||
=== North Carolina === | |||
* Download site: National Land Cover Database (NLCD) - 30m | |||
** https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/gis/nlcd | |||
*** download: NC_NLCD2019only.zip | |||
=== Spearfish === | |||
The classic Spearfish GRASS sample dataset contains a ''landcover.30m'' raster map which is an excerpt from an older version of the NLCD dataset. | The classic Spearfish GRASS sample dataset contains a ''landcover.30m'' raster map which is an excerpt from an older version of the NLCD dataset. | ||
| Line 39: | Line 47: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
== Importing == | |||
=== North Carolina === | |||
You can easily import ({{cmd|r.import}}) the NC_NLCD2019only dataset into the NC sample dataset mapset by the following steps | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | |||
mkdir NC_NLCD2019only | |||
cd NC_NLCD2019only | |||
unzip /path/to/NC_NLCD2019only.zip | |||
r.import input=nc_nlcd2019 output=nc_nlcd2019 | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Spearfish === | |||
Rather than import the entire 16GB raster image, just make a virtual link to it: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | |||
r.external in=NLCD_2016_Land_Cover_L48_20190424.img out=NLCD_2016_Land_Cover_L48_20190424 title="Land Cover 2016" | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Then use {{cmd|g.region}} to zoom to your area of interest and {{cmd|r.mapcalc}} to extract a subset | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | |||
g.region -p n= s= e= w= res=30 align=NLCD_2016_Land_Cover_L48_20190424 | |||
r.mapcalc "NLCD.extract = NLCD_2016_Land_Cover_L48_20190424" | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
== Categories == | == Categories == | ||
These can be applied with the r.category module. | These can be applied with the {{cmd|r.category}} module. | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
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[[image:NLCD_Colour_Classification_Update.jpg|right|thumb|NLCD2016 land cover classification legend from mrlc.gov]] | [[image:NLCD_Colour_Classification_Update.jpg|right|thumb|NLCD2016 land cover classification legend from mrlc.gov]] | ||
These should load in automatically, but if they don't here are the official colors which you can load in with the r.colors module's rules= option: | These should load in automatically, but if they don't here are the official colors which you can load in with the {{cmd|r.colors}} module's ''rules='' option: | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
| Line 92: | Line 125: | ||
== Legend == | == Legend == | ||
Use the -n and -c flags of d.legend to limit the legend to named categories. | Use the ''-n'' and ''-c'' flags of {{cmd|d.legend}} to limit the legend to named categories. | ||
* See also https://www.mrlc.gov/data/legends/national-land-cover-database-2016-nlcd2016-legend | * See also https://www.mrlc.gov/data/legends/national-land-cover-database-2016-nlcd2016-legend | ||
[[Image:North Carolina landuse 2019 Raleigh area.jpeg|center|thumb|500px|North Carolina landuse 2019 - Raleigh area]] | |||
== Manning's n == | == Manning's n == | ||
For using as a basis for | For using as a basis for Mannings n friction coefficients, you can make a virtual reclass map with {{cmd|r.reclass}}. The module will only reclass as integers so the table below is reclassed into parts per ten-thousand. Crop your area of interest with {{cmd|r.mapcalc}} and divide by 10000.0 at the same time to get the Manning's n number. | ||
Actual values for your location will vary widely, the following is simply a starting point. | Actual values for your location will vary widely, the following is simply a starting point. | ||
<!-- : ''TODO: values of 999 require values from the literature'' --> | |||
: ''TODO: values of 999 require values from the literature'' | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
0 = 0 Unclassified | 0 = 0 Unclassified | ||
11 = 0250 | 11 = 0250 Open Water | ||
12 = | 12 = 0220 Perennial Snow/Ice | ||
21 = | 21 = 0400 Developed, Open Space | ||
22 = | 22 = 1000 Developed, Low Intensity | ||
23 = | 23 = 0800 Developed, Medium Intensity | ||
24 = | 24 = 1500 Developed, High Intensity | ||
31 = | 31 = 0275 Barren Land | ||
41 = | 41 = 1600 Deciduous Forest | ||
42 = | 42 = 1800 Evergreen Forest | ||
43 = | 43 = 1700 Mixed Forest | ||
52 = | 52 = 1000 Shrub/Scrub | ||
71 = | 71 = 0350 Herbaceous | ||
81 = | 81 = 0325 Hay/Pasture | ||
82 = 0375 Cultivated Crops | 82 = 0375 Cultivated Crops | ||
90 = | 90 = 1200 Woody Wetlands | ||
95 = | 95 = 0700 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
References: | References: | ||
* [ | * [https://www.fsl.orst.edu/geowater/FX3/help/8_Hydraulic_Reference/Mannings_n_Tables.htm Ven Te Chow, 1959] (Corvallis) | ||
* [https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2339/report.pdf USGS's Guide for Selecting Manning's Roughness Coefficients for Natural Channels and Flood Plains] | * [https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2339/report.pdf USGS's Guide for Selecting Manning's Roughness Coefficients for Natural Channels and Flood Plains] | ||
* [https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/wntsc/H&H/HecRAS/NEDC/lectures/docs/Manning%92s%20n-values%20for%20Kansas%20Dam%20Breach%20Analyses%20-%20Adopted%20071216.pdf Manning's n Values for Various Land Covers To Use for Dam Breach Analyses by NRCS in Kansas] | |||
* Kalyanapu, Alfred & Burian, Steve & Mcpherson, Timothy. (2009). ''Effect of land use-based surface roughness on hydrologic model output.'' Journal of Spatial Hydrology. 9. 51-71. | |||
* Liu, Zhu & Merwade, Venkatesh & Jafarzadegan, Keighobad. (2018). ''Investigating the role of model structure and surface roughness in generating flood inundation extents using 1D and 2D hydraulic models.'' Journal of Flood Risk Management. e12347. 10.1111/jfr3.12347. | * Liu, Zhu & Merwade, Venkatesh & Jafarzadegan, Keighobad. (2018). ''Investigating the role of model structure and surface roughness in generating flood inundation extents using 1D and 2D hydraulic models.'' Journal of Flood Risk Management. e12347. 10.1111/jfr3.12347. | ||
* Bunya, et al. (2010). ''A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part I: Model Development and Validation.'' Monthly weather review 138.2: 345-377. | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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* [[CORINE Land Cover]] | * [[CORINE Land Cover]] | ||
* [[Global Land Cover Characteristics]] | * [[Global Land Cover Characteristics]] | ||
* [[CUSP Coastline|NOAA's continuously updated shoreline (CUSP)]] | |||
[[Category: Geodata]] | [[Category: Geodata]] | ||
[[Category: Import]] | [[Category: Import]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:52, 4 November 2024
About
- Raster grid covering the Continental US at 30 meter resolution
From the Spearfish dataset's landcover.30m history file:
- National Land Cover Data Set NLCD, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
- The NLCD was compiled from Landsat TM imagery (circa 1992) with a spatial resolution of 30 meters supplemented by various ancillary data (where available). The satellite images were analyzed and interpreted by using very large, sometimes multi-State, image mosaics (that is, up to 18 Landsat scenes). Because a relatively small number of aerial photographs were necessarily conducted from a broad spatial perspective. Furthermore, the accuracy assessments correspond to Federal Regions, which are groupings of contiguous States. Thus, the reliability of the data is greatest at the State or multi-State level. The statistical accuracy of the data is known only for the region.
Obtaining NLCD data
North Carolina
- Download site: National Land Cover Database (NLCD) - 30m
- https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/gis/nlcd
- download: NC_NLCD2019only.zip
- https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/gis/nlcd
Spearfish
The classic Spearfish GRASS sample dataset contains a landcover.30m raster map which is an excerpt from an older version of the NLCD dataset.
- Download site: https://www.mrlc.gov/data
- Data is provided in ERDAS Imagine .img format.
- As of April 2019 the zipped dataset is a 1.4 GB.
- Create an Albers location
- this can also be done automatically with the Location Wizard using the downloaded .img file.
Here are the values for the CONUS dataset:
name: Albers Equal Area proj: aea datum: wgs84 ellps: wgs84 lat_1: 29.5 lat_2: 45.5 lat_0: 23 lon_0: -96 x_0: 0 y_0: 0 towgs84: 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 no_defs: defined
Importing
North Carolina
You can easily import (r.import) the NC_NLCD2019only dataset into the NC sample dataset mapset by the following steps
mkdir NC_NLCD2019only
cd NC_NLCD2019only
unzip /path/to/NC_NLCD2019only.zip
r.import input=nc_nlcd2019 output=nc_nlcd2019
Spearfish
Rather than import the entire 16GB raster image, just make a virtual link to it:
r.external in=NLCD_2016_Land_Cover_L48_20190424.img out=NLCD_2016_Land_Cover_L48_20190424 title="Land Cover 2016"
Then use g.region to zoom to your area of interest and r.mapcalc to extract a subset
g.region -p n= s= e= w= res=30 align=NLCD_2016_Land_Cover_L48_20190424
r.mapcalc "NLCD.extract = NLCD_2016_Land_Cover_L48_20190424"
Categories
These can be applied with the r.category module.
0:Unclassified 11:Open Water 12:Perennial Snow/Ice 21:Developed, Open Space 22:Developed, Low Intensity 23:Developed, Medium Intensity 24:Developed, High Intensity 31:Barren Land 41:Deciduous Forest 42:Evergreen Forest 43:Mixed Forest 52:Shrub/Scrub 71:Herbaceous 81:Hay/Pasture 82:Cultivated Crops 90:Woody Wetlands 95:Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands
Colors
These should load in automatically, but if they don't here are the official colors which you can load in with the r.colors module's rules= option:
11 70:107:159 12 209:222:248 21 222:197:197 22 217:146:130 23 235:0:0 24 171:0:0 31 179:172:159 41 104:171:95 42 28:95:44 43 181:197:143 52 204:184:121 71 223:223:194 81 220:217:57 82 171:108:40 90 184:217:235 95 108:159:184
Legend
Use the -n and -c flags of d.legend to limit the legend to named categories.
Manning's n
For using as a basis for Mannings n friction coefficients, you can make a virtual reclass map with r.reclass. The module will only reclass as integers so the table below is reclassed into parts per ten-thousand. Crop your area of interest with r.mapcalc and divide by 10000.0 at the same time to get the Manning's n number.
Actual values for your location will vary widely, the following is simply a starting point.
0 = 0 Unclassified 11 = 0250 Open Water 12 = 0220 Perennial Snow/Ice 21 = 0400 Developed, Open Space 22 = 1000 Developed, Low Intensity 23 = 0800 Developed, Medium Intensity 24 = 1500 Developed, High Intensity 31 = 0275 Barren Land 41 = 1600 Deciduous Forest 42 = 1800 Evergreen Forest 43 = 1700 Mixed Forest 52 = 1000 Shrub/Scrub 71 = 0350 Herbaceous 81 = 0325 Hay/Pasture 82 = 0375 Cultivated Crops 90 = 1200 Woody Wetlands 95 = 0700 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands
References:
- Ven Te Chow, 1959 (Corvallis)
- USGS's Guide for Selecting Manning's Roughness Coefficients for Natural Channels and Flood Plains
- Kalyanapu, Alfred & Burian, Steve & Mcpherson, Timothy. (2009). Effect of land use-based surface roughness on hydrologic model output. Journal of Spatial Hydrology. 9. 51-71.
- Liu, Zhu & Merwade, Venkatesh & Jafarzadegan, Keighobad. (2018). Investigating the role of model structure and surface roughness in generating flood inundation extents using 1D and 2D hydraulic models. Journal of Flood Risk Management. e12347. 10.1111/jfr3.12347.
- Bunya, et al. (2010). A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part I: Model Development and Validation. Monthly weather review 138.2: 345-377.